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Side Grafting of Unproductive Cocoa : Socio-Economic and Ecological Impact Taryono and Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACTCocoa is a tree of the humid lowland tropics produced largely by small farmers, therefore in developing countries it can be used to generate farmer’s income, provide labor employment and conserve environment. At the last decade, the cocoa productivity, the size and quality of beans in Indonesia significantly tend to decline due to the ageing of the tree, poor farming maintenance practice, planting of low yielding variety and ravages caused by pest and diseases. Such declining affects the price and the farmer’s income, and farmers respond by leaving the plantation, replacing with food crops or oil palm, and increasing forest clearing which will threaten the environment. Such problem can be addressed by increasing the long term cocoa productivity of existing farms through side grafting of unproductive cocoa trees with genetically improved varieties. In 2008, it was reported that there are around 235.000 ha of unproductive cocoa that can be improved though side grafting. There was almost 90.000 ha that has been side grafted in 2009 and 2010 by the government support, and in 2011 evaluation through focus group discussion has been carried out. Side grafting with recommended varieties normalizes the cocoa growth, and cures the diseases. With a recommended cultivation technique, the productivity increases twice which followed by improve seed size. These result probably will gives an impact not only on the income but also farmer’s future. Several farmers informed that they will not demolish their cocoa farm or even clear new land for crop food. Normal growth of cocoa and stopping opening new land will have a positive effect to the environment especially in mitigating climate change. Keywords: side grafting, cocoa

Transformation of Zinnia elegans Jacq. as an ornamental potted plant by daminozide application Nurul Annisa; Aziz Purwantoro; Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.62668

Zinnia elegans Jacq. is one of the ornamental plants potential to be used as a potted ornamental plants. The problem to be resolved is the size of the plant can reach 1 m, so it is necessary to modify the plant height into 20 cm to 25 cm using retardant (plant growth regulator), called daminozide. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration and soaking time using daminozide to inhibit the growth of zinnia. The research was conducted at Mangkuyudan 57, Yogyakarta. This research was arranged in a factorial design with 3 blocks as replication. Different concentrations of daminozide were used as first factor with three levels (1 g.L-1, 2 g.L-1, and 3 g.L-1) and soaking times were used as the second factor (12 h, 24 h, and 36 h). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with HSD-Tukey at the α = 5 %. The results showed that there were an interaction between daminozide concentration and soaking time in the height of Z. elegans. There were also positive correlation between plant height, number of flower, and flowering period. The best combination of daminozide concentration and soaking times were 2 g.L-1 and 12 h. This treatment gave the best height that fit to the criteria of a potted plant which was 20.08 cm. However, it reduced flower’s diameter, number of flowers, and canopy’s size.

Effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) Ratih Hartono Putri; Aziz Purwantoro; Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani; Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.66002

Generally, cucumber plants have more male flowers than female flowers. The fewer number of female flowers is one of the problems of cucumber production. Flowering regulation can be performed by applying growth regulators and water management. The study aims to determine the effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design at the Agricultural, Food, and Fishery Extension Center, Seyegan, Yogyakarta. The first factor was the paclobutrazol concentrations consisting of four levels (a control, 0.187 mL.L-1, 0.375 mL.L-1, and 0.562 mL.L-1). Meanwhile, the second factor was the watering frequency consisting of three levels (once a day, once every two days, and once every three days). The observed data were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The paclobutrazol concentrations resulted in a significant effect on all of the observed variables. Meanwhile, watering frequencies showed no significant effect on the male flowers, female flowers and ratio of male to female flowers in cucumber. There was an interaction effect of paclobutrazol concentration and watering frequency on the plant height and flowering age of cucumber plants. The treatment of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 0.375 mL.L-1, decreased of male flowers and increased of female flowers, reducing the ratio of male and female flowers of cucumber plants at various watering frequencies.-1

Side Grafting of Unproductive Cocoa : Socio-Economic and Ecological Impact Taryono and Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.2535

ABSTRACTCocoa is a tree of the humid lowland tropics produced largely by small farmers, therefore in developing countries it can be used to generate farmer’s income, provide labor employment and conserve environment. At the last decade, the cocoa productivity, the size and quality of beans in Indonesia significantly tend to decline due to the ageing of the tree, poor farming maintenance practice, planting of low yielding variety and ravages caused by pest and diseases. Such declining affects the price and the farmer’s income, and farmers respond by leaving the plantation, replacing with food crops or oil palm, and increasing forest clearing which will threaten the environment. Such problem can be addressed by increasing the long term cocoa productivity of existing farms through side grafting of unproductive cocoa trees with genetically improved varieties. In 2008, it was reported that there are around 235.000 ha of unproductive cocoa that can be improved though side grafting. There was almost 90.000 ha that has been side grafted in 2009 and 2010 by the government support, and in 2011 evaluation through focus group discussion has been carried out. Side grafting with recommended varieties normalizes the cocoa growth, and cures the diseases. With a recommended cultivation technique, the productivity increases twice which followed by improve seed size. These result probably will gives an impact not only on the income but also farmer’s future. Several farmers informed that they will not demolish their cocoa farm or even clear new land for crop food. Normal growth of cocoa and stopping opening new land will have a positive effect to the environment especially in mitigating climate change. Keywords: side grafting, cocoa

Transformation of Zinnia elegans Jacq. as an ornamental potted plant by daminozide application Nurul Annisa; Aziz Purwantoro; Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.62668

Zinnia elegans Jacq. is one of the ornamental plants potential to be used as a potted ornamental plants. The problem to be resolved is the size of the plant can reach 1 m, so it is necessary to modify the plant height into 20 cm to 25 cm using retardant (plant growth regulator), called daminozide. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration and soaking time using daminozide to inhibit the growth of zinnia. The research was conducted at Mangkuyudan 57, Yogyakarta. This research was arranged in a factorial design with 3 blocks as replication. Different concentrations of daminozide were used as first factor with three levels (1 g.L-1, 2 g.L-1, and 3 g.L-1) and soaking times were used as the second factor (12 h, 24 h, and 36 h). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with HSD-Tukey at the α = 5 %. The results showed that there were an interaction between daminozide concentration and soaking time in the height of Z. elegans. There were also positive correlation between plant height, number of flower, and flowering period. The best combination of daminozide concentration and soaking times were 2 g.L-1 and 12 h. This treatment gave the best height that fit to the criteria of a potted plant which was 20.08 cm. However, it reduced flower’s diameter, number of flowers, and canopy’s size.

Effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) Ratih Hartono Putri; Aziz Purwantoro; Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani; Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.66002

Generally, cucumber plants have more male flowers than female flowers. The fewer number of female flowers is one of the problems of cucumber production. Flowering regulation can be performed by applying growth regulators and water management. The study aims to determine the effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design at the Agricultural, Food, and Fishery Extension Center, Seyegan, Yogyakarta. The first factor was the paclobutrazol concentrations consisting of four levels (a control, 0.187 mL.L-1, 0.375 mL.L-1, and 0.562 mL.L-1). Meanwhile, the second factor was the watering frequency consisting of three levels (once a day, once every two days, and once every three days). The observed data were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The paclobutrazol concentrations resulted in a significant effect on all of the observed variables. Meanwhile, watering frequencies showed no significant effect on the male flowers, female flowers and ratio of male to female flowers in cucumber. There was an interaction effect of paclobutrazol concentration and watering frequency on the plant height and flowering age of cucumber plants. The treatment of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 0.375 mL.L-1, decreased of male flowers and increased of female flowers, reducing the ratio of male and female flowers of cucumber plants at various watering frequencies.-1

Kajian Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) Wiwit Yuni Astuti; Dyah Weny Respatie
Vegetalika Vol 11, No 2 (2022): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.60886

Senyawa metabolit sekunder merupakan produk yang terbentuk dari proses metabolisme secara insidental dan umumnya tidak terlalu berpengaruh penting terhadap kehidupan organisme. Mentimun mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder diantaranya alkaloid, glikosida, steroid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, resin, polifenol, fenol, glikosida sianogenik, dan antosianin. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada mentimun dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal (genetik dan fisiologis) dan lingkungan (suhu, salinitas, kekeringan, radiasi sinar UV). Senyawa metabolit sekunder pada mentimun berperan penting bagi kehidupan tanaman atau untuk kesehatan manusia. Senyawa metabolit sekunder pada mentimun berperan sebagai antraktan serta pertahanan tanaman terhadap herbivora, hama, dan patogen. Senyawa metabolit sekunder pada mentimun dalam dunia medis dapat mencegah berbagai macam penyakit seperti peradangan, infeksi bakteri, kanker, demam, diabetes, maupun gangguan pencernaan. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dapat ditentukan melalui analisis kualitatif (uji warna) dan kuantitatif (kromatografi dan spektrometri). Secara kuantitatif, kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder harus melalui proses pemisahan melalui kromatografi (paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography) dan diidentifikasi menggunakan detektor (spektrofotometer UV-vis, spektrofotometer IR, NMR spectroscopy, dan mass spectroscopy). Rasa pahit pada mentimun dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan varietas yang menghasilkan buah tidak pahit, menjaga suhu dan kelembaban tanah dengan menentukan periode tanam yang tepat disesuaikan data suhu bulanan, pengairan teratur, serta penggunaan mulsa organik

Kajian Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Lima Aksesi Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Tahtihal Anhar; Dyah Weny Respatie; Aziz Purwantoro
Vegetalika Vol 11, No 4 (2022): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.74390

Produksi kacang hijau di Indonesia pada tahun 2008-2018 cenderung mengalami penurunan. Pada tahun 2018 produksi kacang hijau di Indonesia mencapai 241.334 ton, dan pada tahun 2018 produksi kacang hijau di Indonesia mengalami penurunan menjadi 234.718 ton. Salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi produktivitas kacang hijau yaitu keterbatasan varietas unggul baru, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai galur-galur kacang hijau baru sebagai calon varietas unggul baru. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil lima aksesi kacang hijau dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2020 – Desember 2020 di Kebun Percobaan Tri Dharma Fakultas Pertanian UGM, Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari satu faktor perlakuan yaitu aksesi. Aksesi yang digunakan sebanyak lima (F2, F3.1, F3.2, F3.3, dan F3.4) dan (PK-H, VM-4, dan KTG) sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pertumbuhan vegetatif antara aksesi F2 hingga F3.4 tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding yaitu PK-H, VM-4, dan KTG. Pada parameter produktivitas dan indeks panen seluruh aksesi dengan varietas pembanding memiliki nilai yang sama yang menandakan bahwa aksesi F2 hingga F3.4 sudah sama dengan varietas yang sudah banyak dipasarkan dan perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut.

Genetic evaluation of F2 and F3 interspecific hybrids of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) using retrotransposon‐based insertion polymorphism and sequence‐related amplified polymorphism markers Yeni Fatmawati; Ilyas Ilyas; Agus Budi Setiawan; Aziz Purwantoro; Dyah Weny Respatie; Chee How Teo
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 28, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.82760

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a self‐pollinating and indispensable pulse crop in Indonesia. While low yield productivity is a major concern, genetic improvement is possible through interspecific hybridization. However, interspecific hybridization is relatively infrequent and produces low recombination exchanges, significantly limiting crop breeding efficiency. Thus, a comprehensive study is needed of the selection and genetic diversity evaluation of progenies in advanced generations derived from interspecific hybridization using a specific molecular marker. This study aims to confirm the heterozygosity in the F2 population and assess the genetic diversity in F3 mung bean populations resulting from interspecific hybridization between the mung bean and common bean. We designed the retrotransposon‐based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) marker by identifying the syntenic regions in the flanking sequences of retrotransposon insertion in common bean and mung bean. The RBIP marker can be applied to distinguish the heterozygote progenies from the homozygote progenies. Six combinations of sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primers were used in the genotyping of F3 mung bean progenies. The SRAP marker showed a high degree of polymorphism of up to 100%, while high genetic variation was observed within the population (71%) of mung bean progenies. The F3.4 population had the greatest number of genotypes and displayed the highest number of effective alleles, private alleles, and percentage of polymorphic loci, suggesting the existence of high genetic diversity within this population. These genetic diversity data are exceptionally critical for future genetic research since it has potentially high yield production. The genomic and marker‐assisted selection studies will support the major goals of the mung bean breeding program.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk N-P-K dan Vinasse Diperkaya Mikroba terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) Yuliani Wulandari; Dyah Weny Respatie; Taufan Alam
Vegetalika Vol 12, No 3 (2023): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.78636

Konsumsi kedelai Indonesia meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk tetapi produksi di dalam negeri belum mencukupi kebutuhan kedelai nasional. Salah satu faktor penyebab produksi kedelai di Indonesia rendah adalah pemupukan yang tidak berimbang. Solusi yang dapat diberikan dari permasalahan tersebut yaitu pemanfaatan vinasse sebagai pembenah tanah dan pengurangan dosis pupuk kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi pupuk N-P-K dan vinasse diperkaya mikroba terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2021 – Januari 2022 di Kebun Tri Dharma, Kapanewon Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas tanpa pupuk atau kontrol, vinasse diperkaya mikroba, N-P-K standar, 25% N-P-K standar + vinasse diperkaya mikroba, 50% N-P-K standar + vinasse diperkaya mikroba, dan 75% N-P-K standar + vinasse diperkaya mikroba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa takaran kombinasi vinasse diperkaya mikroba yang dikombinasikan dengan pengurangan dosis pupuk N-P-K standar maupun pemberian vinasse diperkaya mikroba belum mencapai kriteria kelulusan uji efektivitas pupuk pada tanaman kedelai. Aplikasi vinasse diperkaya mikroba dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk N-P-K sebesar 25% pada tanaman kedelai.

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