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PENGEMBANGAN MODEL ASESMEN OTENTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan No 3 (2009): Cakrawala Pendidikan, November 2009, Th. XXVIII, No. 3
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

AbstractDeveloping a Model of Authentic Assessment in Language Learning. Thisstudy aims to produce a guidebook to authentic assessment in language learning,conducted in three years. In the first year, a field survey was conducted to obtaininformation about learning and assessment from Indonesian language teachers ofjunior high schools in Yogyakarta Special Territory and from researcher colleagues.The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, documents, trainingand assistance, and focus group discussion. The data from the questionnaires wereanalyzed by percentage and other data by the qualitative descriptive technique.The survey shows that (1) generally teachers have not understood andimplemented authentic assessment in language learning, (2) strategies to empowerteachers are implemented through training, workshop, and assistance on designingand implementing authentic assessment, (3) teachers and researcher colleaguesexpect that the guidebook contains concepts of authentic assessment to measurelanguage competence, uses simple language, is easy to follow, and providesconcrete examples, and (4) the guidebook can accommodate the expectations.Keywords: authentic assessment, guidebook, CTL

PENGAKTUALAN UNSUR MITOLOGI DALAM PUlSl GOENAWAN MOHAMAD DAN SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO*) Burhan Nurgiyantoro Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan CAKRAWALA PENDIDIKAN, EDISI 3,1999,TH.XVIII
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

lndoiiesiaii literary writing today appears to containconsi-derable adoption and actualization of mythologicalstories coming fiom various parts of the country and fiomabroad. Goenawan Mo-hammad and Sapardi Djoko Damonoare the foremost Indonesian poets now considered 'pioneers"in actualizing mythological stories in poetry. A study thereforeaims at showing ( I ) the mythological elements actualizedin their poetly, (2) the forms of the hypograms of thoseelements, and (3) tlie functions of tlie actualization of thoseelements. The sources of the data for this study areGoellawan's and Sapardi's poems published in an anthol-OL3'.The result oftlie study sho\vs that mythological elementsactualized in the poelns come from various mythologies inthe country which include stories of ~~~trj.crrPiagn, ji,Anglingdatma, and Btrhutl Trrntrh./cru~ain d from those abroadwhich include stories of Iskandar Zulharnain, Serihu SuluMolarii, and classic Greece. Though relatively not many, thepoems are considered important as they reappear in laterpublications and the titles of some are even used for thosepublications. The poems containing elements of mythologicalstories as hypograms generally continue to use the conventionsof the mythology transfol~nedI.t indicates the twopoets' acceptance and response to mythology; they treat itas it is as sotilething factual. The mythological elements actualizedin the poelns are made to fuliction either as materialsto support the theme or as materials for comparison, symbolization,and cul-tural reference. Their use as support tothe theme can be regarded as offering another form ofstorytellingand their use in the other ways can be regarded asenrichment of poetical expressions.

MAPPING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ FUNCTIONAL LITERACY COMPETENCE Burhan Nurgiyantoro; Beniati Lestyarini; Dwi Hanti Rahayu
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan Vol 39, No 3 (2020): CAKRAWALA PENDIDIKAN, VOL. 39, NO. 3, OCTOBER 2020
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/cp.v39i3.34061

Literacy issues have probably been a special concern of many countries. In Indonesia, there have also been several surveys regarding the literacy of school students. This study aims to map the functional literacy of junior high school (JHS) students by focusing on various types of literacy and how each of them contributes to the overall functional literacy. This is quantitative survey research whose subjects were JHS students in four regencies and one municipality of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, with a total sample member of 246 students. The research instrument was an extension of the National Assessment for Adult Literacy (NAAL) with some additions of functional literacy types suggested in the FGD. Data were collected by using a test and analyzed through descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation model with the Lisrel program. The results reveal that the functional literacy of the JHS students is mostly in the “medium” (83.3%), “low” (15.4%), and “high” (1.2%) category. Of the 15 types of literacy, two of them (13.33%), namely prose and cultural literacy make “high” contribution to the functional literacy as a whole, and two others (document and environmental literacy) also support to a “medium” extent (13.33%), while the rest (60%) are categorized as having “low” contribution. This likely implies the importance of fostering various types of functional literacy at school for students to have the ability to develop their personal and social functions.

PRIORITAS PENENTUAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA REMAJA Burhan Nurgiyantoro; Anwar Efendi
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan No 3 (2013): CAKRAWALA PENDIDIKAN NOVEMBER 2013, TH. XXXII, NO. 3
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/cp.v3i3.1626

Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sikap dan pendapat guru SMP/MTs terhada penentuan prioritas nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran sastra remaja, genre, dan stratepenyajian bahan ajar. Subjek penelitian adalah guru Bahasa Indonesia di DIY dengan sampel sebanya30 orang, hadir 24 orang, dari keempat kabupaten dan satu Kota Madya. Pengumpulan data dilakukalewat angket, wawancara, dan sumbang saran di FGD. Data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptkualitatif dan penghitungan persentase. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Penentuan prioritanilai-nilai karakter perlu untuk memudahkan pemantauan, pengawasan, dan penilaian. Nilai karaktyang dipilih guru adalah nilai religius, jujur, cinta tanah air, peduli lingkungan, tanggung jawab, serkreatif, gemar membaca, disiplin, dan mandiri. (2) Pemilihan genre tampak masih terpola padpembagian sastra kanonik-dewasa, namun ia harus mencakup keseluruhan genre sastra remaja. (3)Penyajian bahan ajar ditekankan pada yang mendasarkan diri pada prinsip pembelajaran kontekstuadan multintelenjjens dengan teknik penilaian otentik. Kata Kunci: Pengembangan bahan ajar, pendidikan karakter, sastra remaja DETERMINING THE PRIORITY OF THE CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN ADOLESCENT LITERATURE TEACHING Abstract: This study aims to describe the attitude and opinions of SMP/MTs teachers on thedetermination of the priority of the character education values in adolescent literature teaching, genrand strategies of the material presentation. The subjects were teachers teaching Bahasa Indonesia Yogyakarta Special Province with a sample of 30 teachers (24 teachers were present) coming from thfour regerncies and one municipality. The data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, anddiscussion in a Forum Group Discussion. The data were analyzed using the qualitative descriptivtechnique and using proportion. The findings of the study were as follows: (1) the determination of thpriority of the character education values was necessary for facilitating the monitoring, supervisingand assessing. The character values chosen by teachers were religious values, honesty, the love to thenation, care to the environment, responsibility, creativity, loving reading, discipline, and being seldependent. (2) The choice of genre seemed to follow the categorization of adolescent-canoniliterature, but it must cover all the adolescent literature genre. (3) The presentation of the materiaemphasized on the contextual-based and multiintelligence-based teaching principles using authentassessment. Keywords: material development, character education, adolescent literature

RAMBU PEMBELAJARAN DANPENILAIAN SASTRA ANAK Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan Vol 3, No 3 (2007): Cakrawala Pendidikan, November 2007, Th. XXVI, No. 3
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Efforts to develop children's personality to the optimum should be made viavarious aspectsmlife, one of which is children's literature. Such literature is atpresent believed to be able to significantly.contribute to the shaping of children'spersonality. Therefore,it needs to be given its proper place in the learning andlearning achievement evaluation activities at school, which is in line with what isstated in the curriculum now in use, i.e., KTSP (short for Kurikulum Tingkat SatuanPerfdidikan, which means the Curriculum at the Level of Educational Unit), forelementary school in referring tothe school subject Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia(which means Education in the Indonesian Language).In running classes of children's literature for children of pre"school age throughto early adolescence in elementary school and early junior high school classes, oneshould pay attention to a number of significant related matters. They are, amongothers, the learning objective, type of children's literature, selection of learningstrategy, utilizationof media, development of teacher creativity, and showing ofteacher attitude expressing empathy. Evaluationis also related here becauseleartlingalways goes together with its evaluation. The techniques ofevaluation thatcOnldbe made use of are, among others, those employing quizzes, assignments,Observations, interviews,and portfolios. The learning and evaluation activities arenot -to be limited to the classroom. Most are to be done ontside the classroom bycondncting collaborations with parents

TEORI SEMIOTIK DALAM KAJIAN KESASTRAAN Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan CAKRAWALA PENDIDIKAN, EDISI 1,1994,TH.XIV
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/cp.v1i1.9021

Sastra merupakan sebuah karya yang mempunyai tujuan komunikarif dan estetik yang menekankan unsur kreativitas dan keaslian pengucapan. Sebagai akibatnya, memahami karya sastra sering menjadi tidak mudah. Salah satu cara memahami makna seara lebih intens adalah dengan pendekatan semiotik. Semiotik adalah ilmu atau metode analisis untuk mengkaji tanda, sedang tanda adalah sesuatu yang mewakili sesuatu yang dalain. Semiotik dapat diterapkan dalam berbagai disiplin keilmuan

TINJAUAN TERHADAP BUKU-BUKU PAKET BACAAN PROSA NARATIF SEKOLAH DASAR Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan CAKRAWALA PENDIDIKAN, EDISI 2,1983,TH.III
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Untuk membentuk manusia dewasa yang harmonis, dalam arti unsur-unsur hakikinya seimbang, bacaan memegang peranan yang amat penting. Namun perlu pula disadari, bahwa hanya bacaan yang bermutu sajalah yang dapat menunjang perkembangan kejiwaan anak. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah tidak segan-segan menyediakan buku-buku bacaan khususnya untuk anak SD. Buku-buku tersebut dikirimkan ke SD-SD di seluruh pelosok tanah air berupa paket bacaan.Sesuai dengan 'misi' buku-buku tersebut, yaitu untuk dijadikan 'guru' buat anak-anak, maka bacaan itu pasti berisi unsur-unsur pendidikan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Nilai-nilai pendidikan itu antara lain berupa niali religius, sosial, patriotisme, optimisme, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, kasih sayang, dan lain-lain.Sitinjau dari segi tema yang disodorkan, semua buku bacaan SD baik, dalam arti sudah mencerminkan 'misi'-nya. Namun. tinjauan berdasarkan kriteria isi atau masalah yang dikemukakan maupun bagasa yang dipergunakan, ternyata tidak semua buku cocok untuk dikonsumsikan kepada anak-anak tingkat SD

CITRA WANITA DALAM NOVEL INDONESIA SEBELUM PERANG Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora Vol 2, No 2 (1997): 1997
Publisher : LPPM UNY

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (a) citra perwatakan tokoh wanita dalam novel Indonesia sebelum perang, (b) kedudukan tokoh wanita dalam dalam perbandingannya dengan tokoh pria, (c) masalah yang diperjuangkan tokoh wanita, dan (d) factor yang bersifat menghalangi perjuangan tokoh wanita.Penelitian ini mencangkup seluruh novel Indonesia sebelum perang (sampai tahun 1942) yang sering menjadi objek pembicaraan dalam sejarah sastra. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 buah novel yang diambil secara purposive, yaitu yang dipandang penting pada masanya. Tokoh wanita yang diteliti mencangkup semua tokoh utama ditambah tokoh feriferal yang mempengaruhi plot, yang semuanya berjumlah 41 orang tokoh. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukandengan pembacaan dan pencatatan, sedang teknik analisis data dengan deskriptif kualitataif, lewat cara berfikir induktif komparatif, pembuatan kategorisasi, dan penghitungan frekuensi pemunculan.Citra perwatakan tokoh wanita dalam novel Indonesia sebelum perang bersifat hitam putih:baik(ideal) dan jahat(tak ideal), serta ada sejumlah yang bersifat dua sisi(baik dan jahat). Citra yang paling menonjol adalh ideal, namun mereka lebih banyak yang bersifat malang. Dalam hubungannya dengan tokohpria, peran dan kedudukan tokoh wanita dicitrakan dalam 5 kategori: dominasi pria kuat,dominasi pria tak kuat, pria wanita sederajat, dominasi wanita terhadap pria dan dominasi wanita terhadap wanita. Lebih lagi separuh wanita masih didominasi pria. Masalah yang diperjuangkan tokoh wanita mencangkup: kebebasan memilih jodoh, penolakan tradisi, persamaan hak, pengakuan martabat, elurusan sikap pria dan kejujuran. Masalah yang paling banyak dituntut adalah tiga yang pertama dan yang berhasil sebesar 51%. Masalah yang menghalangi perjuangan tokoh wanita meliputi:tradisi/adat, status social, harta, kesombongan sikap, kejahatan, takdir, ketertutupan hati dan keterbelakagan. Hambatan yang menonjol adalah empat yang pertama, sedang yang berhasil mengatasi hambatan itu adalah sebesar 48%.

KONSTRUK ASESMEN LITERASI FUNGSIONAL UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Burhan Nurgiyantoro; Beniati Lestyarini; Dwi Hanti Rahayu
LITERA Vol 19, No 2: LITERA JULI 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v19i2.32977

Literasi fungsional menyiratkan bahwa literasi dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat, meraih tujuan, dan meningkatkan kemampuan diri. Penelitian validatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konstruk asesmen literasi fungsional untuk siswa SMP dan mengalisis butir soalnya dengan Model Rasch. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, FGD, dan tes. Sebanyak 5 orang guru dan 246 siswa dari 5 SMP di DIY, serta 3 pakar dilibatkan dalam proses pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian berupa konstruk literasi fungsional dari National Assessment for Adult Literacy (NAAL) dimodifikasi dalam 15 jenis literasi, yaitu literasi prosa, digital, dokumen, numerik, lingkungan, kesehatan, pariwisata, transportasi, keselamatan jalan, kesantunan berbahasa, mitigasi bencana, finansial, budaya, visual, dan sosial. Hasil analisis 60 butir soal dengan Model Rasch berbantuan program QUEST menunjukkan probability level 0,50 dengan indeks reliabilitas 0,98. Mean INFIT MNSQ sebesar 1.00 dengan SD 0,04 yang fit dengan Model Rasch. Butir soal yang layak berada pada rentang threshold (± 2) adalah 51 buah (85%), sedangkan yang di luar rentang tersebut 9 butir (15%). Siswa dengan skor ≥75 sebesar 38,2%, sedang yang belum memenuhi standar sebanyak 61,8%. Indikator esensial dan batang soal menjadi bagian penting untuk melihat kemampuan literasi fungsional siswa. Kata kunci: literasi fungsional, asesmen, analisis butir soal, Model Rasch THE CONSTRUCTS OF FUNCTIONAL LITERACY ASSESSMENT FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AbstractFunctional literacy implies that literacy can be used for improving society capacities, obtaining goals, and increasing self-capabilities. The present study is aimed at identifying the constructs of the functional literacy assessment of junior high school students and analysing the item responses by using the Rasch Model. The data were collected through observation, interview, FGD and testing. Five teachers, 246 students from five junior high schools in Yogyakarta Province, and 3 experts were involved in the research processes. Results show that the constructs of the functional literacy from the National Assessment for Adult Literacy (NAAL) concepts have been modified into 15 types of literacy: prose, digital, document, numerical, environmental, health, tourism, transportation, road safety, language civility, disaster mitigation, financial, cultural, visual, and social). The results of the item analysis (60 items) using the Rasch Model with the QUEST program produce a probability value of 0.50 with a reliability index of 0.98. The INFIT MNSQ mean of 1.00 with an SD of 0.4 fits with the Rasch model. Items are eligible for an appropriate threshold range (± 2) of 51 grains or 85% while items outside the range of ± 2 is 9 (15%). Students with a score of ≥ 75 are 94 in number (38.2%). Meanwhile, students who have not fulfilled the standard amount to 61.8%. Essential indicators and item stems have an important role in reflecting the students’ functional literacy competences. Keywords: functional literacy, assessment, item response, Rasch model

ASPEK KE-SOEHARTO-AN DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN SOEHARTO DALAM CERPEN INDONESIA Burhan Nurgiyantoro
LITERA Vol 4, No 1: LITERA JANUARI 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v4i01.4882

This research study aims to describe (1) the forms of Soeharto-related aspectsand (2) ways of expressing those aspects in the anthology of short stories entitledSuharto claim Cerpen Indonesia.The source of the research data was Soeharto dalam cerpen Indonesia (2001), ananthology of short stories edited by M. Shoim Anwar. All of the short stories (17)were selected. The data were collected through reading and recording techniques andwere analyzed by the descriptive qualitative technique involving data comparison,categorization, tabulation, and inference. Data trustworthiness was assessed throughthe semantic and referential validities and data consistency through the intraratertechnique.Research findings show that 15 short stories clearly contain Soeharto-relatedaspects, and two short stories do not reveal these aspects clearly. Soeharto-relatedaspects are shown through: (1) personification in the form of physical appearance,character, verbal and nonverbal behaviors, (ii) governance and economic strategies,(iii) society’s condition and attitude under his reign, approaching his fall and after hisfall, (iv) spatial and temporal settings related to his reign, (v) the party functioning ashis power apparatus, and (vi) government officials’ life style and attitude. In generalthe short stories do not mention Soeharto directly, but only through certain aspectsor symbols easily identified as Soeharto’s characteristics. Soeharto-related aspectsare expressed through various ways, such as parody, irony, cynicism, and dialectics.The expressions through particular characters parodying Soeharto are the mostapparent, simultaneously using irony and cynicism. The expressions through ironyare the most dominant in the short stories, and in this way the criticisms sound moresubtle and “polite”. This is different from cynicism, which criticizes and defamesones in a vulgar manner. This is a reflection of control imposed on the writers in thepast, who now feel free to express anything without any fear of being arrested. Theexpressions through dialectics are made more intellectually and invite readers tothink.Key words: Soeharto-related aspects, personification, parody, irony, cynicism,dialectics

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