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All Journal CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Jurnal Farmasi Udayana INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine
Ketut Ratnayani
Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA Universitas Udayana, Bali-Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Komposisi Asam Amino Dari Ekstrak Kecambah Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Setelah Tahap Deproteinasi N. G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti; Amanda Awalia Ramadhani; A.A. I. A Mayun Laksmiwati; Ketut Ratnayani
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) Vol 11 No 1 (2022): Jurnal ITEPA
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Technology Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2022.v11.i01.p16

Abstract

During the germination process, there is a degradation activity of reserve proteins in the seeds and releases short peptides and free amino acids. This study aimed to determine the amino acid composition of the red bean sprout extract after the deproteination stage. The deproteination stage is the stage of eliminating protein macromolecules that are dissolved in the extract so that short peptides and free amino acids are left in the extract. Red bean seeds were first germinated, made into flour, and extracted with distilled water, then deproteinized by the isoelectric precipitation method at pH 4.5. This protein macromolecular free extract(expected to contain free amino acids and short peptides) was then analyzed for its amino acid composition by the HPLC method. The results of the analysis of the composition of 15 types of amino acids in red bean sprout extract showed that the highest amino acid content was glutamic acid (1213,305 mg/kg), while the lowest amino acid content was tyrosine (118,245 mg/kg). The results also show phenylalanine as a type of essential amino acid with the highest levels compared to other essential amino acids. This shows that red bean sprout extract has the potential as a source of essential amino acids.
Effect of Solvent Type and Germination Time on The Level of Free Amino Acid and Peptides of Germinated Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) Extract Ketut Ratnayani; Ni Wayan Wisaniyasa; Ni Putu Wiwik Oktayuni
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 11, No 2 (2022): Edition May-August 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.672

Abstract

Germination can activate the degradation of storage protein in legumes releasing peptides and free amino acids for seed growth. These compounds have many benefits in many fields, especially in food and health. This study aimed to determine the effect of solvent type and germination time on the level of free amino acids (FAA) and the level of peptides (MW < 10 kDa) of germinated pigeon pea extract. The extraction of free amino acids and the dissolved protein from germinated pigeon pea flour was carried out using two kinds of solvents, namely water, and 0.1 N HCl. The variation of germination times of pigeon pea seeds was carried out at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hours. The level of FAA was determined spectrophotometrically using the ninhydrin method after the deproteination step, while the level of peptides was determined spectrophotometrically using the biuret method. The results showed that using 0.1 N HCl as a solvent produced a higher level of FAA and peptides in the extract than using water. The increase of germination time can increase the level of FAA with the peak FAA level achieved on 36 hours. The increase of germination time can increase the level of peptides with the peak of peptides level achieved on 84 hours of germination times. These results showed that seed germination is a potential method for producing free amino acids and peptides which accumulate at a specific time.
MONITORING HIDROLISIS PROTEIN KECAMBAH KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata L.) OLEH ENZIM ALKALASE PADA VARIASI WAKTU DAN RASIO ENZIM-SUBSTRAT Ratnayani, K.; Listiyanti, N. K. L.; Ariati, N. K.; Laksmiwati, A. A. I. A. M.
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 18, No.2, Juli 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

Kacang tunggak dengan kandungan protein 18,3-35% berpotensi digunakan sebagai substrat protein dalam pembuatan hidrolisat protein nabati. Kecambah kacang tunggak cukup mudah diperoleh di pasaran (khususnya di wilayah Bali) yang lebih dikenal sebagai kacang mentik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan monitoring berjalannya reaksi hidrolisis konsentrat protein kecambah kacang tunggak yang dikatalisis oleh enzim alkalase, dengan perlakuan variasi waktu hidrolisis dan variasi rasio enzim-substrat (rasio E/S). Penelitian diawali dengan tahap ekstraksi protein dari tepung kecambah kacang tunggak sehingga diperoleh konsentrat protein. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses hidrolisis terhadap substrat konsentrat protein dengan enzim alkalase menggunakan variasi waktu hidrolisis 0, 1, 2 dan 3 jam serta variasi rasio (E/S) yaitu 0,1%, 1,0%, 2,0% dan 3,0%. Masing-masing hidrolisat protein yang diperoleh dimonitor keberhasilannya dalam hidrolisis berdasarkan parameter kadar kadar ?-amino bebas, nilai derajat hidrolisis dan kadar protein terlarutnya. Hasil ekstraksi protein mampu menghasilkan konsentrat protein kacang tunggak dengan kadar protein total mencapai 68,11%. Hasil monitoring terhadap perlakuan hidrolisis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan rasio E/S dan lama waktu hidrolisis mampu meningkatkan kadar ?-amino bebas, kadar protein terlarut, dan nilai derajat hidrolisis (DH%) dari produk hidrolisat protein kecambah kacang tunggak (pada batas variasi perlakuan yang diberikan). Kadar ?-amino bebas tertinggi sebesar 3,9573 mg/mL, kadar protein terlarut tertinggi sebesar 20,9972 mg/mL, dan nilai DH% tertinggi sebesar 93,80% diperoleh menggunakan perlakuan rasio E/S 3% dan waktu hidrolisis selama 3 jam. Kata kunci: alkalase, hidrolisis, kacang tunggak, kecambah, protein ABSTRACT Cowpea usually contains 18.3-35% protein and is potentially used as a protein substrate for preparing vegetable protein hydrolysates. Cowpea sprouts, available in the market (especially in Bali), are known as “kacang mentik”. This study aimed to monitor the progress of the hydrolysis of the cowpea sprout protein concentrate, catalyzed by alcalase enzyme, with the variations of hydrolysis time and enzyme-substrate ratio (E/S ratio). The research began with the protein extraction stage from cowpea sprout flour to obtain the protein concentrate. Furthermore, the hydrolysis was carried out on the protein concentrate substrate with alcalase enzyme using the variations of hydrolysis time of 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours and the E/S ratio of 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%. Each protein hydrolysate obtained was monitored for its success in hydrolysis based on the parameters of soluble protein content, free ?-amino content, and the degree of hydrolysis. The result showed that the protein extraction produced cowpea protein concentrate with a total protein content reaching 68.11%. The monitoring results of the hydrolysis treatment showed that increasing the E/S ratio and the length of hydrolysis time were able to increase the free ?-amino content, soluble protein content, and the degree of hydrolysis (DH%) value of the cowpea sprout protein hydrolysate product (at the limit of the treatment variations given). The highest value of the free ?-amino content of 3.9573 mg/mL, the soluble protein content of 20.9972 mg/mL, and the DH of 93.80% was obtained when using the 3% E/S ratio treatment and 3 hours of hydrolysis time. Keywords: alcalase, cowpea, hydrolysis, protein, sprout
ANALISIS KADAR SURFAKTAN ANIONIK DALAM LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN METODE MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Surfactant) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT KLOROFORM DAN MIBK (Metil Isobutil Keton) Dewi, I G. A. K. S. P.; Acintya, N. M. T. C.; Suarsa, I W.; Putra, A. A. B.; Sudiarta, I W.; Ratnayani, K.
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 18, No.2, Juli 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Limbah cair rumah tangga yang ada di area perairan meningkatkan kandungan zat – zat organik yang mengandung senyawa surfaktan anionik. Surfaktan anionik yang tinggi di perairan dapat menghambat transfer oksigen pada ekosistem perairan, sehingga kadarnya di lingkungan harus dianalisis dengan metode yang sesuai serta akurat. Riset ini mempunyai tujuan untuk membandingkan penggunaan kloroform dan metil isobutil keton sebagai pelarut organik dalam ekstraksi analisis kadar surfaktan anionik dalam sampel limbah rumah tangga dan limbah buatan melalui metode MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Surfactant). Kadar rata – rata surfaktan anionik pada sampel limbah rumah tangga yang diambil dari tiga titik sampel dengan pelarut kloroform sebesar 22,3571 - 23,6603 sedangkan dengan menggunakan pelarut metil isobutil keton diperoleh kadarsurfaktan anionik sebesar 56,3981- 76,5859 Pengukuran juga dilakukan pada limbah buatan dengan kloroform diperoleh kesesuaian kadar sebesar 78,06% - 86,93%, dan pengukuran dengan MIBK diperoleh kesesuaian kadar sebesar 90,42% - 96,53%, Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa MIBK dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut dalam ekstraksi analisis surfaktan anionik namun, MIBK memiliki sensitivitas yang kurang baik dalam ekstraksi untuk analisis surfaktan anionik dengan konsentrasi yang kecil. Hasil uji validitas metode MBAS dengan menggunakan pelarut kloroform menunjukkan nilai linearitas, akurasi, presisi, limit deteksi, dan limit kuantisasi yang lebih memenuhi syarat dalam validasi metode; serta pelarut kloroform pada metoda ini mampu menganalisis surfaktan anionik dalam konsentrasi kecil. Kata kunci: kloroform, limbah rumah tangga, MBAS, metil isobutil keton, surfaktan anionik. ABSTRACT Household wastewater discharged into aquatic environments increases the presence of organic compounds containing anionic surfactants. High levels of anionic surfactants in water bodies can hinder oxygen transfer within the marine ecosystem. Therefore, an accurate and suitable method for analyzing the concentration of the anionic surfactant in the environment is required. This research aimed to investigate and compare the use of chloroform and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as organic solvents in the extraction and analysis of anionic surfactant concentrations in household wastewater and synthetic wastewater using the MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Surfactant) method. The average concentration of anionic surfactants in household wastewater samples taken from three sampling points using chloroform solvent ranged from 22.3571 to 23.6603 mg/L, whereas using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solvent, the concentration of anionic surfactants ranged from 56.3981 to 76.5859 mg/L. Measurements were also conducted on synthetic wastewater using chloroform, showing consistency in the concentration of 78.06% to 86.93%, while measurements with MIBK showed consistency of 90.42% to 96.53%. These results indicated that MIBK can be used as a solvent for extracting anionic surfactants; however, MIBK exhibited lower sensitivity in analyzing anionic surfactants at low concentrations. Validation tests of the MBAS method using chloroform solvent demonstrated better values for linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, and quantification limit, indicating that chloroform could analyze anionic surfactants at low concentrations. Keywords: anionic surfactant, chloroform, household waste, MBAS, methyl isobutyl ketone.
Co-Authors A. A. Ayu Septri Juwarni A. W. Dwiputri Acintya, N. M. T. C. Amanda Awalia Ramadhani Ana Listya Anak Agung Istri Agung Mayun Laksmiwati Ariati, N. K. Darma Asih Yuliana Deniariasih, N.W. Dewi, I G. A. K. S. P. Dita Rizkiyanti Helen Helda Prastika I G. A. M. A. S. Gitadewi I Gusti Ayu Kunti Sri Panca Dewi I Ketut Suter I Made Oka Adi Parwata I Nengah Kencana Putra I Nengah Wirajana I Wayan Sudiarta I Wayan Suirta I. A. Preharsini Kusuma I. A. R. Astiti Asih Ida Bagus Swardana Indriani Wisnu Susanto Panjaitan James Sibarani Lia Kusumaningrum Liangky Syane S Listiyanti, N. K. L. M. A. Pratiwi M. Nazib Made Arsa Maman Sudiarto Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti Ni Komang Ariati Ni Luh Putu Mega Wahyuni Ni Made Puspawati Ni Made Suaniti Ni P. Indah Septian P. Ni Putu Frida Oktaningtias Widiarthi Ni Putu Wiwik Oktayuni Ni Wayan Agustini Ni Wayan Wisaniyasa NYOMAN SEMADI ANTARA Putra, A. A. B. Putu Eka Purnama Putu Lita Astriani Putu Setya Sri Antary Ro’yal Aini Sagun Chandra Yowani Suarsa, I W. Syamsul Arifin Tutut Hardikawati