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Exploring Space-Time Fixity about Activity Types and Mode Choice Mahmudah, Amirotul M. H.; Budiarto, Arif; Dharmowijyo, Dimas B. E.; Joewono, Tri Basuki; Asmaningrum, Tri Hardiyanti
Jurnal Planologi Vol 22, No 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jpsa.v22i2.48312

Abstract

Space-time fixity and flexibility of activity are essential for understanding how space-time constraints influence accessibility and mobility in daily life. Reducing these constraints helps improve quality of life and solve urban problems like traffic jams. Thus, these concepts are vital not only in academia but also in transportation and travel behavior studies. This research explores how activity type and mode choice influence space-time fixity. Descriptive statistic were used to profile respondents and their activities, while bivariate analysis looked at the relationship between mode choice and activity type in terms of space-time fixity. Specifically, mode choices—such as non-motorized, motorcycle, car, public transport, and ride-sourcing—and various out-of-home activities like travel, working/studying, socializing, and grocery shopping. Daily activity data from the Surakarta agglomeration area during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 was collected for this study. This study finds that space fixity occurs more often than time fixity, and activities' average level of space and time fixity is fairly flexible. The time fixity pattern for mode choices in out-of-home activities is similar for most activities, except socializing. In contrast, space fixity patterns differ among out-of- home activities. Working/studying outside the home shows the highest time and space fixity across all modes. Research indicates that a score of 6.0 on a 7-point Likert scale represents the highest space-time fixity. This score applies to those who mainly use public transport, with time fixity linked to travel activity and space fixity to out-of-home working/studying activity. The implications of these results on urban planning are discussed.
Co-Authors A. Caroline Sutandi Alan Hardi Kharisma, Alan Hardi Althaf, Muhammad Alviana, Zelina Anastasia Caroline Sutandi Andreas Wibowo Anggia Taghsya Nidi Hardiman Putri, Anggia Taghsya Nidi Hardiman Argya Jaganaputra Argya Jaganaputra Ari K. M. Tarigan Ari K. M. Tarigan, Ari K. M. Arif Budiarto Asmaningrum, Tri Hardiyanti At-thur Rachmawan Bekti Albar Effendi, Bekti Albar Belgiawan, Prawira Fajarindra Bella Pamuji Ramdhan Bella Pamuji Ramdhan, Bella Pamuji Budi Hartanto Susilo Cahyo Adityadharma Cahyo Adityadharma, Cahyo Cariera, David Chrisma Merry Kosakoy, Chrisma Merry Danang Parikesit Danang Parikesit Dhany Utami Ningtyas Dhany Utami Ningtyas Dharmowijyo, Dimas B. E. Dita Rachmatia Dita Rachmatia Elshaan Helmmie Engelbertha Noviani Bria Seran Fabianus Sebastian Kevin Fathonah Maysyaroh, Fathonah Fransiska Stefani, Fransiska Gary Raya Prima Gatot Perdana Kusuma Gatot Perdana Kusuma, Gatot Perdana Hafiz Janitra Ramadhan, Hafiz Janitra Hansen Samuel Arberto Gultom Hartieni , Patricia Hartieni, Patricia Hikmat Iskandar Hikmat Iskandar, Hikmat Hisashi Kubota Hisashi Kubota Hisashi Kubota Jeanly Syahputri Jonathan, Matthew Kiagoes Moehammad H.N. Nugraha Lukita Adinegoro, Lukita Lukman M.H. Marpaung Lukman M.H. Marpaung, Lukman M.H. Luthfi Yudha Oktano, Luthfi Yudha Mahmudah, Amirotul M. H. Marco Andrianto Melinda Tjeendra Melinda Tjeendra, Melinda Meviany, Yussi Mokhammad Akbar Raharja Tjastadipradja Muhamad Rizki MUHAMAD RIZKI Muhamad Rizki Muhamad Nabila Putri Larasati Nancy . Nancy ., Nancy Nugraha, Kiagoes Moehammad H.N. Nurcahya, Sidiq Bagus Oktaviani Riandiatmi Pratama, Vicky Satria Prayoga Luthfil Hadi Prima, Gary Raya Rachmawan, At-thur Radella Adelia Jayanti Raden Hudrian Rahmadiensyah, Raden Hudrian Ridwan, Muizzudin Riri Kumalasari, Adela Santoso Urip Gunawan Santoso Urip Gunawan, Santoso Urip Senjaya Setianto Setianto, Senjaya Tanjung, Jihan Nur Azizah Tjastadipradja, Mokhammad Akbar Raharja Vanessa Damayanthi, Melati Wimpy Santos Wimpy Santos Wimpy Santosa Yasinta Br.S.D, Christina Yohanes L. D. Adianto Yohanes L.D. Adianto Yusak O. Susilo Yusak O. Susilo, Yusak O. Yussi Meviany Zelina Alviana