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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Berkala Kedokteran Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya BERDIKARI : Jurnal Inovasi dan Penerapan Ipteks JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Dinamika Journal : Pengabdian Masyarakat KAIBON ABHINAYA : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT BALABA (JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA) Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Prosiding Seminar Nasional Program Pengabdian Masyarakat Health & Medical Sciences JPM (Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat) Ruwa Jurai
Tri Wulandari Kesetyaningsih
Bagian Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
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Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Phaleria macrocarpa ( Scheff.) Boerl. sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti Nugroho, Taufik Fitriyanto; Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 13, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v13i2.1063

Abstract

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor penyakit DBD (Demam Berdarah Dengue). Daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) memiliki efek larvasida karena mengandung saponin dan alkaloid yang bersifat toksik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun mahkota dewa sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti, serta mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC)50, LC90, LC95, Lethal Time (LT)50, LT90, dan LT95. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan subyek larva Aedes aegypti (540 larva), dibagi sembilan kelompok: kelompok kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (Temephos 1 ppm) dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan (2 ,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, 0,5%, 0,25% dan 0,125%). Setiap kelompok terdiri atas 20 ekor dengan replikasi sebanyak tiga kali. Mortalitas larva dihitung setiap 4 jam selama 24 jam. Analisis probit digunakan untuk mengetahui LC50, LC90, LC95, LT50, LT90, dan LT95. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 = 1,175%, LC90 = 1,840%, LC95 = 2,029%, LT50 =0,811 jam, LT90 = 11,879 jam dan LT95 = 15,477 jam. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa efektif sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara ekstrak daun mahkota dewa 2,5% dan 2% dengan Temephos 1 ppm. Konsentrasi ekstrak 2,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, dan 0 ,5% berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (akuades) sedangkan ekstrak 0,25%, dan 0,125% tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa konsentrasi 2,5% dan 2% sama efektifnya dengan Temephos 1 ppm terhadap larva Aedes aegypti.Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) leaf known to have larvicidal effect because content saponin and alkaloid which are toxic. The objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of Mahkota dewa leaf extract as larvacide Aedes aegypti, as well as knowing Lethal Concentration (LC)50, LC90, LC95, Lethal Time (LT)50, LT90, and LT95. This research was performed by using posttest only control group design. The subject were 540 larvae of Aedes aegypti, divided into nine groups: negative control (aquades), positive control (Temephos 1 ppm) and seven concentration of leaf extract (2.5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1 %, 0,5%, 0,25%, dan 0,125%). Each group consist of 20 larvae with three times replication in every treatment. Larval mortality was calculated every four hours for 24 hours. Probit analysis is used to determine the LC50, LC90, LC95, LT50, LT90, and LT95. The results of this research show that LC50=  0.230%, LC90= 0.286%, LC95= 0.302%, LT50= 0.987 hours, LT90= 12.547 hours, and LT95=  15.827 hours. Anova analysis result show that there is no significantly differences between mahkota dewa leaf extract 2.5 % and 2% with Temephos 1 ppm (p 0,05). Extract concentration 2,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, 0,5% and 0,25% have significant differences to aquades (negative control) (p 0,05). Mahkota dewa leaf extract concentration 0,25% and 0,125% have no significant differences to aquades extract concentration 2.5% and 2 %  is as effective as Temephos 1 ppm to Aedes aegypti larvae.
Deteksi Resistensi Larva Aedes aegypti dengan Uji Biokimia Berdasarkan Aktivitas Enzim Esterase di Kabupaten Bantul DIY Anindita, Rizki; Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 2 (s) (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v7i2 (s).1661

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a health problem in Indonesia, including the Bantul District, Yogyakarta. This disease is transmitted over a bite of Aedes sp mosquitoes. Preventive action is done by vanishing DHF vectors along with its nest. In Yogyakarta 1974, the usage of chemical insecticide, e.g. organofosfat (temefos, malathion), became a choice. In fact, the usage of temefos and malathion in a long period of time are potentially causing a resistance effect. This research aims to find out the resistance status of Aedes aegypti larvae in Bantul District with a biochemical assay based on the activity increase of esterase enzyme. Research is done non-experimentally with quantitative measurement for its result. Larva samples were collected from three villages, which are DHF endemic area. To detect the activity of esterase enzyme, a biochemical assay was used in this research by creating a reaction between larvae homogenate and a naphtyl acetat substrate. The results of reaction were read using ELISA reader with a wavelength of450 nm. Overall, the research results show that 84.45% larvae are still susceptible, 13.33% larvae are mild resistance, and 2.22% larvae are high resistance to insecticide. The statistic result with oneway ANOVA (a = 0.877) shows that there is no significant differentiation on the resistance status of larvae among the three villages. The result indicates that the insecticide resistance tendency of Aedes aegypti larvae in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, is still low (a 0.05).Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, termasuk Kabupaten Bantul DIY! Penyakit ini ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes sp. Pencegahan dilakukan dengan memberantas vektor beserta sarangnya. Di Yogyakarta sendiri sejak tahun 1974, pemakaian insektisida kimiawi seperti insektisida organofosfat (temefos, malathion) menjadi pilihan. Tetapi pemberian temefos dan malathion dalam jangka waktu lama berpotensi menyebabkan resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status resistensi larva Aedes aegypti di Kabupaten Bantul berdasarkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase dengan uji biokimia. Penelitian dilakukan secara non eksperimental dengan pengukuran hasil secara kuantitatif. Sampel larva dikoleksi dari 3 dusun yang termasuk daerah endemik DBD. Untuk mendeteksi aktivitas enzim esterase dilakukan pengujian secara biokimiawi dengan mereaksikan homogenat larva dengan substrat d naphtylacetat, kemudian hasil reaksi dibaca dengan menggunakan ELISA reader dengan panjang gelombang 450 nm. Hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa 84,45% larva masih rentan(SS), 13,33 % larva resisten sedang (RS), dan 2,22 % larva resisten tinggi (RR) terhadap insektisida. Hasil uji statistik oneway ANOVA (a = 0,877) menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna mengenai status resistensi larvaAedes aegypti di antara semua dusun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan resistensi larva Aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida di Kabupaten Bantul DIY masih belum tinggi (a 0,05).
Distribusi Prevalensi Infestasi Parasit Usus pada Balita Penderita Gizi Buruk di Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Faktor Risiko Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari; Riswari, Rizki Ardana; Pitaka, Ririd Tri
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v10i2.1575

Abstract

Malnutrition is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Severe malnutrition increasing susceptibility to the infection, and the infection is the direct factor influencing nutrition status. Intestinal parasite infestation make worse the sufferer and inhibit the elimination programme. The research purpose is to know the prevalence of intestinal parasite infestation in under five year children with severe malnutrition, and express to its risk factor of intestinal parasite infestation. The subject is all of under five children with severe malnutrition recorded in Primary Health Care in Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Questionnaire and medical record data used to find the risk factors: acces to primary health care, parent ’s formal education, history of chronic infection and social-economic status. Direct and indirect method of faeces examination were carried out by two persons to find cysts or nematode’s eggs. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa infestation are Entamoeba histolytica (56,2%), Entamoeba coli (43,48%), Giardia lamblia (21,74%) and Balantidium coli (4,35%). Infestation of intestinal nematodes are Ascaris lumbricoides (52,17%), hook worm (13,04%) and Enterobius vermicularis (8,96%). The protrude condition of subject family are 84% low social-economic status; 96% low and medium category of parent’s formal education degree; 40% have no sanitation facilities and 64% subject with chronic disease.Gizi buruk merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia. Gizi buruk menyebabkan penderita rentan terhadap infeksi. Infeksi merupakan faktor langsung yang mempengaruhi gizi buruk. Infestasi parasit usus mengakibatkan penderita gizi buruk menjadi lebih buruk lagi, sehingga menghambat usaha pemberantasan gizi buruk di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi infestasi parasit usus pada balita penderita gizi buruk dan distribusi prevalensinya berdasarkan faktor risiko. Subyek penelitian adalah semua balita gizi buruk di Puskesmas Kasihan I dan II, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Kuesioner dan catatan medik untuk mendapatkan data faktor risiko yaitu akses dengan pelayanan kesehatan, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, riwayat infeksi kronis dan tingkat sosial ekonomi. Pemeriksaan feses dengan metode langsung dan tidak langsung untuk menemukan sista atau telur cacing, dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dengan pemeriksa berbeda. Prevalensi infestasi protozoa usus pada balita penderita gizi buruk adalah Entamoeba histolytica (56,52%), Entamoeba coli (43,48%), Giardia lamblia (21,74%), dan 4,35% Balantidium coli. Infestasi cacing usus: Ascaris lumbricoides (52,17%), cacing tambang (13,04%) dan Enterobius vermicularis (8,69%). Kondisi yang menonjol pada keluarga balita gizi buruk adalah 84% berstatus sosial ekonomi rendah, 96% orang tua berpendidikan rendah dan sedang serta 40% mempunyai sarana sanitasi memadai; 64% terinfeksi penyakit kronis.
Pengetahuan tentang Penyakit Menular Seksual, Sikap dan Perilaku Seks Bebas pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Islam dan Umum di Yogyakarta Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari; Majdawati, Ana; Sundari, Sri
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 15, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v15i2.3758

Abstract

Penyakit menular seksual/PMS berkaitan dengan perilaku seksual tidak sehat. Siswa SMA  berusia remaja, memiliki dorongan seksual tinggi. Islam mengatur perilaku seksual dalam kitab suci. Kurikulum pendidikan agama di SMA Islam lebih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku seksual antara siswa SMA Islam dan umum. Penelitian ini bersifat survei analitik dengan subyek siswa SMA sebanyak 288 orang. Skor pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku diperoleh dari kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan Anova untuk mengetahui perbedaan variabel diantara siswa. Hasil menunjukkan skor Pengetahuan: Islam putri 64,56; umum 60,02; Islam putra 55,73). Ada perbedaan pengetahuan diantara siswa (p= 0,008) tetapi antara Islam putra-umum tidak berbeda. Sikap: Skor Islam putri 98,75; umum 93,50; Islam putra 92,82. Ada perbedaan sikap diantara siswa (p=0,002); tetapi antara Islam putra-umum tidak berbeda (p=0,072). Perilaku: 13-45% siswa memiliki pacar; 0-2% melakukan koitus (umum 2%, Islam putra 1,1%, Islam putri 0%). Disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi, sikap dan perilaku siswa SMA Islam putri lebih baik daripada siswa SMA umum dan siswa SMA Islam putra. Siswa SMA umum lebih banyak berperilaku seksual tidak sehat daripada siswa SMA Islam putra maupun putri.Sexually transmitted diseases are associated with unhealthy sexual behavior. High school (SMA) students are teenagers which have a high sex drive. Islam regulates sexual behavior in the scriptures. Religious education in Islamic SMA is more than in general. This study aims to reveal differences in knowledge, attitudes and sexual behavior between Islamic and general high school students. This research is an analytic survey with the subjects of 288 high school students. Score of knowledge, attitude and behavior obtained from questionnaire and analyzed by Anova to know the difference of variables among students. The knowledge’s scores are: Islamic female 64.56; general 60.02; Islamic male 55.73). There is differs among students (p = 0.008) but Islamic male-general is no different. Attitude’s score are: Islamic female 98.75; general 93.50; Islamic male 92.82. There is differs among students (p = 0.002) but Islamic male-general is no different (p = 0.072). Behavior: 13-45% of students have boy/girlfriends; 0-2% did coitus (general 2%, Islamic male 1.1% and Islamic female 0%). It was concluded that knowledge about reproductive health, attitudes and behavior of female high school students of Islam is better than general high school students and high school students of Islam. Students from general high schools are more sexually unhealthy than male and female students from Islamic High School.
Prevalensi Trikhomoniasis pada Lekorhe dan Faktor-faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kondisi Keluarga Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 3, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v3i2.1705

Abstract

Leukhorhea is defined as the increasing of vaginal secretion. This condi¬tion occurs by both of physiological and pathological reason. Pathologi¬cally leukhorhea is particularly due to Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis infection. There are many factors influence both of physiological or pathological leukhorhea. The purpose of of this research is to know prevalence of leukhorhea caused by trichomoniasis andto find the risk factors related with family condition.. The sample was carried out by vaginal swab to 93 women with leukhorhea attended Puskesmas Wates, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Laboratory examina¬tion was done by using direct method. The result shows that prevalence of trichomoniasis is 33,3%. The relation of risk factors with trichomoniasis prevalence has satistically been analized by chi-square method. It shows that prevalence of trichomoniasis influenced with age, sexual activity, the user of vaginal cleanser, pregnancy, using cer¬tain contraception and is not influenced with education grade, family hygiene and sanitation facility and chronic disease suffered.Keputihan adalah terjadinya peningkatan pengeluaran sekret vagina. Keputihan bapat bersifat fisiologis maupun patologis. Keputihan yang patologis disebut lekorhe, kebanyakan disebabkan oleh infeksi jamur Cancida albicans dan parasit Trichomo¬nas vaginalis. Banyak faktor yang berpengaruh pada terjadinya keputihan, baik yang fisiologis maupun yang patologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi trichomoniasis pada wanita penderita lekorhe dan faktor-faktor risiko jang berkaitan dengan kondisi keluarga. Sampel diambil dari sekret vagina dari 93 wanita yang mengeluh keputihan dari pasien pengunjung Puskesmas Watcs, Kulon Progo, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis secara langsung dengan larutan NaCl fisiologis untuk melihat adanya trofozoit Trichomonas vaginalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi trichomo-niasis pada lekorhe adalah 33,3 % dari sampel yang diperiksa. Hubungan faktor- faktor risiko yang diteliti dengan prevalensi trichomoniasis dianalisis dengan chi- square menunjukkan bahwa trichomoniasis dipengaruhi oleh faktor umur, aktivitas seksual, penggunaan pembersih vagina, kehamilan, penggunaan alat KB dan tidak terpengaruh oleh faktor tingkat pendidikan, fasilitas hygiene sanitasi keluarga dan penyakit kronis.
Aktivitas Fisik Rutin untuk Mencegah Penyakit Degeneratif Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari; Astuti, Yoni; Noor, Zulkhah
Berdikari: Jurnal Inovasi dan Penerapan Ipteks Vol 8, No 1 (2020): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/bdr.8176

Abstract

Degenerative or metabolic disease is a disease caused by excessive activities that give people no time to maintain their body health. This continuous condition can increase the death risk. This phenomenon is widely found with the existence of obesity in many places including in Gamping hamlet, Ambarketawang village, Gamping district, Sleman regency. Recently, the trend of this disease has gone up. Therefore, creating the society’s awareness about this issue is necessary to do through an empowerment program. This program is expected to decrease the death risk caused by metabolic or degenerative disease mainly for housewives who have never-ending activities. The society empowerment program is implemented through an organization for women namely Family Welfare Program. This program implementation is done in some stages namely:1) early physical quality examination (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood sugar and uric acid); 2) a group creation that concerns about healthy life; 3) socialization on healthy life pattern; 4) psychomotor routine gymnastics twice a week for 10 weeks; and 5) final physical quality examination. It is recorded from this empowerment program that 38.29 % suffers from obesity, 6.38 % suffers from diabetes mellitus (DM), 36.17 % suffers from high uric acid and 10.64 % suffers from hypercholesterolemia. After regular gymnastics twice a week in 10 weeks, it is recorded that the obesity decreases to 34.04 % and the DM decreases to 4.26%, while hypercholesterolemia increases to 17.02%. The uric acid, on the other hand, remains stable. To maintain their further health, continuous routine gymnastics, periodic medical check-up (at least once a year), especially for people aged 40 years. Another success of this program is the creation of Healthy Life Caring Community.
Commuting Mobility as Risk Factor for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari; Amir, Siti Fajrini; Desty, Yeni Rahma
Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal Vol 14, No 2 (2020): Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/dpphj.v14i2.2526

Abstract

Background:In Indonesia, there has been a change in the age group of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patient population from children to adults since 1998. It raises the suspicion that an infection occurs not only in residential area but also from other places as a result of human mobility. Research on the role of people mobility as a risk factor for dengue incidence yielded different results. This study aims to reveal the relationship between human mobility and the incidence of dengue. Method: This is a case-control study that involved 276 respondents; 138 were sufferers (case group) while the other 138 respondents were non-sufferers (control group). The sample size was determined by using purposive sampling. Patient’s data and their addresses were obtained from Sleman Regency Health Office while the control group was patient’s neighbors. The people mobility data were obtained by conducting questionnaires that were divided into three categories, namely low, moderate, and high for commuting mobility and two categories, namely traveling outside and inside province for circular mobility. Chi-square analysis was used to determine whether mobility was a risk factor for DHF. Results:The result showed that commuting mobility was correlated with the DHF incidence (p=0.001) where the high mobility of 3.169 times raised the risk of DHF incidence (OR 3.169; 95% CI: 1.690-5.944) more than the low mobility. However, the DHF incidence was not correlated with moderate mobility (p=0,821). Furthermore, traveling outside the Yogyakarta Province reduced the risk by 6.175 times than non-traveling activity (p=0.000; OR 6.175; 95% CI: 2.759-13.822). Conclusion: The commuting mobility outside the village is a risk factor of DHF. Meanwhile, traveling outside Yogyakarta Province did not cause any risk for DHF and it instead tended to reduce the risk.
Efikasi Ekstrak Daun Srikaya (Annona squamosa) terhadap Kutu Beras (Tenebrio molitor) Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari; Puspadhica, Widha; wirdasari, -
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v9i2.1601

Abstract

Leaf extract of Annona squamosa potentially to be a botanical insecticide that more save to the environment. The aim of this research is to know the efficacy of leaf extract of A. squamosa to the adult and larvae of T. molitor. This research is pure experimentally using posttest only control group design. The research is devided in two parts, adult and larvae examination. Each of part consist of 9 groups, there are 7 treatment groups of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, 0,1% leaf extract, 1 of positive control group (K+) with malathion 0,5% (adult); 5% (larvae) and 1 of negative control (K-) with aquadest. The data compute to determine the mortality rate (%) and then analyzed by one way anova and probitt to know the significancy of difference and to determine the value of LD50 (lethal dose 50) dan LT50 (lethal time 50). The result of the examination to the adult T. molitor show that 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% of leaf extract A. squamosa are more effective than K- group, but less effective than K+. In 0,1% concentration there is not effective. The examination to the larvae stage show that 25% leaf extract most effective among the leaf extract series groups, and not significantly different with K+. All of the leaf extract series groups are significantly different with K-. The value of LD50 is 0,51%; LT50is 8,10 hours in adult andLD00 2,26%; LT5016,10 hours in larvae. The conclution is the leaf extract of A. squamosa is more effective against adult stage of T. molitor than larvae stage. In adult stage, the effectivity of leaf extract preference that high concentration is more effective. But in larvae stage, the most effective concentration is 25% of leaf extract.Daun Annona squamosa berpotensi sebagai insektisida botani, bersifat lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap efikasi insektisida ekstrak daun A. squamosa terhadap dewasa dan larva T. molitor. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni untuk mengetahui efikasi insektisida ekstrak daun A. squamosa terhadap dewasa dan larva T. molitor. Desain penelitian adalah posttest only control group design. Penelitian terdiri atas 9 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan berdasarkan konsentrasi bahan uji 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, 0,1%, kontrol positif (K+) dengan malathion 0,5% (dewasa); 5% (larva) dan kontrol negatif (K-) dengan akuades. Dihitung angka kematian yaitu % kematian subyek penelitian: jumlah subyek mati/ jumlah subyek tiap kelompok x 100%, hasilnya dianalisis statistik dengan anova satu jalur dan probit untuk mengetahui LD50 (lethaldose 50) dan LT50 (lethal time 50). Hasil uji terhadap stadium dewasa T. molitor menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% A. squamosa terbukti efektifjika dibandingkan dengan dengan K-, namun kurang efektifjika dibandingkan dengan K+. Konsentrasi 0,1% tidak efektif dibandingkan dengan kelompok K-. Uji terhadap larva menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun 25% tampak paling efektif, tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif. Semua konsentrasi ekstrak daun srikaya berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan K-. Nilai LD50 adalah 0,51%; LT50 adalah 8,10 jam untuk dewasa dan LD50 2,26% dan LT50 16,10 jam untuk larva. Kesimpulannya adalah ekstrak daun srikaya terbukti lebih efektif terhadap stadium dewasa T. molitor daripada terhadap larva. Efektifitas terhadap stadium dewasa menunjukkan kecenderungan lebih tinggi konsentrasi, lebih efektif, namun pola ini tidak terjadi pada uji terhadap larva. Konsentrasi paling efektif membunuh larva adalah 25%.
Distribusi Prevalensi Malaria di Puskesmas Kokap I dan Girimulyo I Kabuapten Kulonprogo Tahun 2002-2004 dan Hubungannya dengan Faktor-faktor Risiko Wiraharjanegara, Harjuna Atma; Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 2 (s) (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v9i2 (s).1613

Abstract

Prevalence of malaria in Indonesia is still high, particularly in the areas of Java and Bali. In Java, the health priority areas are endemic areas including mountain areas incise Kulonprogo district. This research aims to reveal the presence of risk factors associated with the incidence of malaria in the area. This is a non-experimental research by reviewing the medical records of patients with malaria in Primary Health Care in Kokap I and Girimulyo I in 2002-2004. Significance of the relationship between risk factors with the prevalence of malaria were analyzed by Chi-Square. The result show that malaria prevalence in Kokap I in 2002-2004 are 37,43%; 2,174%; 0,246% respectively and in Girimulyo I are 3,632%; 0,183%; 0,013% respectively. Chi-squares analyze show that there is significant correlation (p0,05) between age group, gender and the occupation and the prevalence of malaria. There is unsignificant correlation between education level and the prevalence of malaria (p0,05) in Kokap and Girimulyo.Prevalensi malaria di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih tinggi, terutama di daerah Jawa dan Bali. Di daerah Jawa yang menjadi prioritas kesehatan adalah daerah endemik termasuk wilayah pegunungan menoreh Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap adanya faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat non eksperimental dengan menelaah data rekam medik penderita malaria di Kokap I dan Girimulyo I tahun 2002-2004. Signifikansi hubungan antara faktor risiko dengan prevalensi malaria dianalisis dengan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi malaria di Kokap I berturut-turut dari tahun 2002-2004 adalah 37,43%; 2,174%; 0,246% dan di Girimulyo I, berturut-turut adalah 3,632%; 0,183%; 0,013%. Analisis Chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan (p0,05) antara umur, jenis kelamin, dan jenis pekerjaan dengan prevalensi malaria. Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan prevalensi malaria (P0,05).
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Phaleria macrocarpa ( Scheff.) Boerl. sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti Nugroho, Taufik Fitriyanto; Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 13, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v13i2.1063

Abstract

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor penyakit DBD (Demam Berdarah Dengue). Daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) memiliki efek larvasida karena mengandung saponin dan alkaloid yang bersifat toksik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun mahkota dewa sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti, serta mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC)50, LC90, LC95, Lethal Time (LT)50, LT90, dan LT95. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan subyek larva Aedes aegypti (540 larva), dibagi sembilan kelompok: kelompok kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (Temephos 1 ppm) dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan (2 ,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, 0,5%, 0,25% dan 0,125%). Setiap kelompok terdiri atas 20 ekor dengan replikasi sebanyak tiga kali. Mortalitas larva dihitung setiap 4 jam selama 24 jam. Analisis probit digunakan untuk mengetahui LC50, LC90, LC95, LT50, LT90, dan LT95. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 = 1,175%, LC90 = 1,840%, LC95 = 2,029%, LT50 =0,811 jam, LT90 = 11,879 jam dan LT95 = 15,477 jam. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa efektif sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara ekstrak daun mahkota dewa 2,5% dan 2% dengan Temephos 1 ppm. Konsentrasi ekstrak 2,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, dan 0 ,5% berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (akuades) sedangkan ekstrak 0,25%, dan 0,125% tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa konsentrasi 2,5% dan 2% sama efektifnya dengan Temephos 1 ppm terhadap larva Aedes aegypti.Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) leaf known to have larvicidal effect because content saponin and alkaloid which are toxic. The objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of Mahkota dewa leaf extract as larvacide Aedes aegypti, as well as knowing Lethal Concentration (LC)50, LC90, LC95, Lethal Time (LT)50, LT90, and LT95. This research was performed by using posttest only control group design. The subject were 540 larvae of Aedes aegypti, divided into nine groups: negative control (aquades), positive control (Temephos 1 ppm) and seven concentration of leaf extract (2.5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1 %, 0,5%, 0,25%, dan 0,125%). Each group consist of 20 larvae with three times replication in every treatment. Larval mortality was calculated every four hours for 24 hours. Probit analysis is used to determine the LC50, LC90, LC95, LT50, LT90, and LT95. The results of this research show that LC50=  0.230%, LC90= 0.286%, LC95= 0.302%, LT50= 0.987 hours, LT90= 12.547 hours, and LT95=  15.827 hours. Anova analysis result show that there is no significantly differences between mahkota dewa leaf extract 2.5 % and 2% with Temephos 1 ppm (p0,05). Extract concentration 2,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, 0,5% and 0,25% have significant differences to aquades (negative control) (p0,05). Mahkota dewa leaf extract concentration 0,25% and 0,125% have no significant differences to aquades extract concentration 2.5% and 2 %  is as effective as Temephos 1 ppm to Aedes aegypti larvae.
Co-Authors Adibah Zahra Agung Kurniawan Ambar Relawati Ambar Relawati Amir, Siti Fajrini Ana Majdawati Anindita, Rizki Ardiyanti, Devi Astuti, Yoni Bobby Fahmi Muldan Pahlevi Chapsoh, Zannuba Aisyah Desto Arisandi Desty, Yeni Rahma Devi, Rizky Revinda Dimas Pradana Putra Edison, Firnandito El Falah, Muhammad Miftah Fadli, Hanif Fahrudin, Rafif Eka Farindira Vesti Rahmasari Farindira Vesti Rahmasari Farizki Muhammad Muhammad Fradita Eka Fradita Eka, Fradita Galih, Intan Kusuma Ayu Setyaning Gina Puspita Haqiqi Mussiani Alislam Haqiqi Mussiani Alislam, Haqiqi Mussiani Herlambang, Akbar Adji Hernanda, Mohammad Fatha Hodijah, - I Ketut Swarjana Istianah, Siti Jauharah, Tiffany Kanti Ratnaningrum Kusbaryanto Larasati, Aulia Nadhila Lestari, Febri Lilis Suryani Lilis Suryani Lilis Suryani Ludovica Prastiani Muttaqin, Moh. Zaenal Nadirrafi, Muhammad Afif Naufal, Muhammad Rikza Niandy, Zakariya Ahmad Noor, Zulkhah Perdana, Maulivia Trisma Pitaka, Ririd Tri Pratama, Naufal Aldian Prima Widayani Primadani, Ericha Tyas Puspadhica, Widha Putra, Mahendrata Adwitya Putri, Gesika Gemintang R. Sapto Hendri Boedi Soesatyo Ririd Tri Pitaka Riswari, Rizki Ardana Rizka Fauziah Rizki Ardana Riswari Romadhoni, Muhammad Ilham Salmah Orbayinah Sari, Liana Permata Setyonugroho, Winny Siti Fajrini Amir SN Nurul Makiyah Sri Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah Sundari, Sri Suryanto Susanti, Trisna Dwi Taufik Fitriyanto Nugroho, Taufik Fitriyanto Tri Pitara Mahanggoro Trisna Dwi Susanti Widowati, Karina Putri Willynia, Anggita Nur Cahya Wiraharjanegara, Harjuna Atma Wiraharjanegara, Harjuna Atma wirdasari, - Yeni Rahma Desty Yusiriwayatul Afsoh Zamzam, Putra Alifa