Fitje Losung
Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado

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Journal : JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Sea Cucumber, Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger 1833 Flesh Extract from Kalasey Coastal Waters, Minahasa District Mewengkang, Theresia Tessa; Lintang, Rosita Anggreiny; Losung, Fitje; Sumilat, Deiske Adeliene; Lumingas, Lawrence J. L
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2022
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v10i2.42271

Abstract

Sea cucumbers are one of the marine biotas that contain bioactive compounds that have the potential as antibacterial ingredients. The purpose of this study was to perform antibacterial testing on fractions of the extract of the sea cucumber H. atra meat and to conduct a zoochemical analysis to determine the content of bioactive compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth. Antibacterial testing using disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed that the methanol extract of sea cucumber flesh could inhibit the growth of both types of test bacteria. In antibacterial testing for S. aureus, the ethyl acetate fraction was 11.8 mm, the n-hexane fraction was 7 mm, and the methanol fraction was 8.6 mm, while for E. coli the ethyl acetate fraction was 10.88 mm, the n-hexane fraction was 7 mm, and 8.6 mm methanol fraction. The compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction of sea cucumber H. atra flesh extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins which are compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth with their respective working mechanisms.Keywords: Disc diffusion, Extraction, Fractionation, Sea cucumber (H.atra), Zoo-chemical, AbstrakTeripang merupakan salah satu biota laut yang memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai bahan antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini melakukan pengujian antibakteri pada fraksi-fraksi dari ekstrak daging teripang H. atra dan melakukan analisis zookimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daging teripang memiliki dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kedua jenis bakteri uji. Pengujian antibakteri terhadap S. aureus fraksi etil asetat sebesar 11,8 mm, fraksi n-heksan 7 mm, dan fraksi metanol 8,6 mm sedangkan untuk bakteri E. coli fraksi etil asetat sebesar 10,88 mm, fraksi n heksana 7 mm, dan fraksi metanol 8,6 mm. Kandungan senyawa yang yang terkandung dalam fraksi etil asetat ekstrak daging teripang H. atra yaitu senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin yang merupakan senyawa yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan mekanisme kerja masing-masing.Kata Kunci  : Difusi cakram, Ekstraksi, Fraksinasi , Teripang (H. atra), Zoo-kimia,
Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Ultraviolet Activity Test Of Black Cucumber (Holothuria atra) Extract From Tongkaina Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City Mangangkung, Nazarrian; Angkouw, Esther Dellayani; Warouw, Veibe; Mangindaan, Remy Emile Petrus; Losung, Fitje; Monijung, Revol Dulles
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v11i2.48018

Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to obtain the crude extract of Holothuria atra, test its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium strains using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion), test the anti-UV of Holothuria atra extract taken from Tongkaina Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City. Antibacterial testing was carried out with several different concentrations, from the results of antibacterial testing carried out the average inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria with 100,000 ppm the average inhibition zone was (9.67 mm), for 50,000 ppm the average inhibition zone was (8 mm), from B. megaterium bacteria known to have H.a 100,000 ppm producing an average inhibition zone (9.67 mm), H.a 50,000 ppm an average inhibition zone of (8.67 mm). The results of the anti-UV test for Holothuria atra extract showed absorption in UV-C at λ 210 nm with the highest absorbance value of 2.774. Keywords: Sea cucumber, Antibacterial, Anti-UV, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan ekstrak kasar Holothuria atra, menguji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap strain Escherichia coli dan Bacillus megaterium dengan metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer), menguji anti-UV dari ekstrak Holothuria atra yang diambil dari Perairan Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan beberapa konsentrasi yang berbeda, dari hasil pengujian antibakteri yang dilakukan rerata zona hambat pada bakteri E. coli dengan 100.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (9,67 mm), untuk 50.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (8 mm), dari bakteri B. Megaterium diketahui H.a 100.000 ppm menghasilkan rerata zona hambat (9,67 mm), H.a 50.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (8,67 mm). Untuk hasil pengujian anti-UV ekstrak Holothuria atra menunjukkan serapan pada UV-C pada λ 210 nm dengan nilai absorban tertinggi 2,774. Kata kunci : Teripang laut, antibakteri, anti-UV, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium.
Acquisition of Tidal Measurement Data in The Waters Around Bitung City For Predictional Purposes: Akuisisi Data Pengukuran Pasang Surut di Perairan Sekitar Kota Bitung Untuk Keperluan Prediksi Wuwung, Vanessa; Rampengan, Royke M.; Manengkey, Hermanto W.K.; Bara, Robert. A.; Djamaaludin, Rignolda; Losung, Fitje
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v11i2.48800

Abstract

The existence of the waters around the city of Bitung with all its intensive utilization makes information regarding tidal conditions very important to continue to study. In the waters around Bitung City, there are two tidal measurement stations, the BMKG station, and the IOC station. This research was conducted to analyze the accuracy of tide prediction results based on measurement data at two tide stations located in the waters around Bitung City. The research was conducted by applying the least squares method to calculate the amplitude and phase of the tidal harmonic constants, followed by predicting tidal data. The result was that the most accurate predictions were obtained through a study of tidal data from IOC measurement stations in March–April 2021 with an average deviation of 4.35 cm. However, tide predictions using BMKG measurement station data are more consistent with an average deviation of ± 5 cm, compared to the average deviation of tide predictions from IOC measuring stations which vary from 4.35 – 27.67 cm. Keywords: Tidal prediction, Tidal constants, Tidal amplitude, Mean sea level Abstrak Keberadaan perairan sekitar Kota Bitung dengan semua pemanfaatan intensifnya menyebabkan informasi menyangkut kondisi pasang surut sangat penting untuk terus dikaji.  Di perairan sekitar Kota Bitung terdapat dua stasiun pengukuran pasang surut, yaitu stasiun BMKG dan stasiun IOC.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis akurasi hasil prediksi  pasut berdasarkan data hasil pengukuran di dua stasiun pasut yang berlokasi di perairan sekitar Kota Bitung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode kuadrat terkecil untuk menghitung amplitudo dan fase konstanta harmonik pasang surut, dilanjutkan dengan melakukan prediksi data pasut. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa prediksi yang paling akurat diperoleh melalui kajian data pasut stasiun pengukuran IOC pada bulan Maret–April 2021 dengan deviasi rata-rata sebesar 4,35 cm.  Walaupun demikian prediksi pasut menggunakan data stasiun pengukuran BMKG lebih konsisten dengan deviasi rata-rata ± 5 cm, dibandingkan dengan deviasi rata-rata prediksi pasut stasiun pengukuran IOC yang bervariasi dari 4,35 – 27,67 cm. Kata Kunci : Prediksi pasut, Konstanta pasut, Amplitudo pasut, Duduk tengah muka laut
Zoochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Starfish, Linckia laevigata Extract Mengko, Christian; Lintang, Rosita A.J; Losung, Fitje; Angkouw, Esther Dellayani; Lasut, Markus T.
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v11i2.48927

Abstract

Starfish is one of the marine biota that produces bioactive compounds and has biological activity. The aims of this study were to determine the content of bioactive compounds and to test the antibacterial activity of the extract of the starfish Linckia laevigata against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Determination of the content of bioactive compounds was carried out by qualitative zoochemical analysis while the antibacterial test used the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the extract of the starfish L. laevigata has bioactive compounds from the alkaloid, triterpenoid, tannin, flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin groups. Inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E.coli based on the inhibition zone formed showed that L. laevigata starfish extract produced low antibacterial activity Keywords : Starfish (Linckia laevigata), Zoochemistry, Antibacterial, Disc diffusion Abstrak Bintang laut merupakan salah satu biota laut yang memproduksi senyawa bioaktif dan memiliki aktivitas biologis.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan melakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak bintang laut Linckia laevigata terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penentuan kandungan senyawa bioaktif dilakukan dengan analisis zookimia kualitatif sedangkan pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak bintang laut L. laevigata memiliki senyawa bioaktif dari golongan alkaloid, triterpenoid, tanin, flavonoid, fenolik, dan saponin. Aktivitas penghambatan terhadap S. aureus dan E.coli berdasarkan zona hambat yang terbentuk menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bintang laut L. laevigata menghasilkan aktivitas antibakteri yang rendah Kata kunci :Bintang Laut Linckia laevigata, Zookimia, Antibakteri, Difusi cakram.
Strategies for Sustainable Use of Seagrass Ecosystem in Coastal Area around Borgo Village, Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency Losung, Agung; Paruntu, Carolus Paulus; Wagey, Billy Theodorus; Roeroe, Kakaskasen Andreas; Losung, Fitje; Sambali, Hariyani
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v11i2.49000

Abstract

The objective of this research is to formulate strategies for the sustainable use of the seagrass ecosystem in the coastal area around Borgo Village, Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency as a public policy recommendation that can be given to the local regional government. The research method is a survey method with an interview technique using a questionnaire addressed to the heads of relevant agencies as resource persons.  The formulation of priority strategies is analyzed through the following stages: 1) Establishing the vision, mission, and values ​of the organization, 3) Analysis of the strategic environment, 4) Analysis of the final conclusions of internal and external factors, 5) SWOT analysis matrix, and (6) Determining critical success factors through strategic choice analysis. The research results obtained 6 priority strategies, namely: 1) Make academic papers as a data base on: a) coastal and marine resource profiles, b) social, economic and cultural data, and c) legal data and community institutions in the region the coast of Borgo Village and its surroundings; 2) Carry out technical guidance, counseling and outreach to the coastal communities of Borgo Village and its surroundings; 3) Provide guidance to fishermen and input to the government of Southeast Minahasa Regency so that the seagrass ecosystem area on the coast of Borgo Village and its surroundings is not used as a boat mooring location and a location for disposal of marine debris or household waste; 4) Make standard operational procedures on boat moorings, disposal of marine debris, household waste, and marine conservation techniques for the coastal communities of Borgo Village and its surroundings; 5) Empowerment of fishermen or coastal communities in Borgo Village and its surroundings in order to carry out the task of supervising and monitoring coastal and marine resources, as well as fostering the quality and processing of fishery products; and 6) Make a spatial plan for the Minapolitan area in the coastal area of Belang Regency based on Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2017 of North Sulawesi Province. Keywords: Borgo Village, seagrass ecosystem, sustainable use, priority strategy Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah merumuskan strategi pemanfaatan berkelanjutan ekosistem padang lamun di pesisir sekitar Desa Borgo, Kecamatan Belang, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara sebagai rekomendasi kebijakan publik untuk diberikan kepada Pemerintah Daerah setempat.  Metode penelitian adalah metode survei dengan teknik wawancara menggunakan kuesioner ditujukan kepada pimpinan instansi terkait sebagai narasumber.  Perumusan strategi prioritas dianalisis melalui tahapan: 1) Menetapkan visi, misi dan nilai organisasi, 3) Analisis lingkungan strategis, 4) Analisis kesimpulan akhir faktor internal dan eksternal, 5) Matriks analisis SWOT, dan (6) Menetapkan faktor-faktor kunci keberhasilan melalui analisis pilihan strategis.  Hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 strategi prioritas, yaitu: 1) Membuat naskah akademik sebagai database tentang: a) profil sumber daya pesisir dan laut, b) data sosial, ekonomi dan budaya, dan c) data hukum dan kelembagaan masyarakat di pesisir Desa Borgo dan sekitarnya; 2) Melaksanakan bimbingan teknis, penyuluhan dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat pesisir Desa Borgo dan sekitarnya; 3) Memberikan pembinaan kepada nelayan dan masukan kepada Pemerintah Kab. Minahasa Tenggara, agar di area ekosistim lamun pesisir Desa Borgo dan sekitarnya tidak dijadikan lokasi penambatan perahu dan tempat pembuangan sampah laut atau limbah rumah tangga; 4) Membuat SOP tentang tambatan perahu, tempat pembuangan sampah laut dan limbah rumah tangga, dan teknis konservasi laut kepada masyarakat pesisir Desa Borgo dan sekitarnya; 5) Memberdayakan nelayan atau masyarakat pesisir Desa Borgo dan sekitarnya dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas pengawasan dan pemantauan sumber daya pesisir dan laut, serta pembinaan mutu dan pengolahan hasil perikanan; dan 6) Membuat perencanaan penataan ruang di kawasan Minapolitan wilayah pesisir Belang berdasarkan Perda No. 1 Tahun 2017 Prov. SULUT. Kata kunci: Desa Borgo, ekosistim lamun, pemanfaatan berkelanjutan, strategi prioritas
Phytoplankton Community Structure in Seagrass Beds of Nain Island Waters Mokosuli, Febrianty Dhea; Rimper, Joice R.T.S.L; Warouw, Veibe; Wullur, Stenly; Losung, Fitje; Mokolensang, Jeffrie F.
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2024
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v12i1.52339

Abstract

This study aims to identify phytoplankton species, calculate phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, phytoplankton dominance index, and determine environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, and phosphate in the seagrass ecosystem of Nain Island Waters. Sampling includes seawater for the needs of phytoplankton identification measurement of nitrate and phosphate levels and measurement of water parameters in situ. Phytoplankton sampling is done horizontally using a plankton net. Phytoplankton identification found in the seagrass ecosystem of Nain Island Waters consisted of four classes, namely Bacillariophyceae (Rhizosolenia sp.; Nitzschia sp.; Chaetoceros sp.; Navicula sp.; Eucampi sp.; Pleurosigma sp.; Thalassionema sp.; Melosira sp.), Dinophyceae (Ceratium sp.; Protoperidinium sp.), Chlorophyceae (Spirogyra sp.), and Euglenophyceae (Euglena sp.). The calculation of phytoplankton abundance is in the range of 9 - 51 cells/l. The highest abundance was found at station one which was 51 cells/l, then station three which was 21 cells/l, and station two which was 9 cells//I. The diversity index is in the range of 0.8749 - 1.8668 which means there is community instability. The uniformity index is in the range of 0.2226 - 0.8460, while the dominance index is in the range of 0.2060 - 0.6093, this indicates that the water conditions are stable. Environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, pH, nitrate, and phosphate) in the seagrass ecosystem of Nain Island Waters are still quite good for phytoplankton growth. Keywords: Phytoplankton, Seagrass, Nain Island, Abundance, Biological Index Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi jenis-jenis fitoplankton, menghitung kelimpahan fitoplankton, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominasi fitoplankton dan mengetahui kondisi lingkungan seperti suhu, pH, salinitas, nitrat, dan fosfat di ekosistem padang lamun Perairan Pulau Nain. Pengambilan sampel meliputi air laut untuk kebutuhan identifikasi fitoplankton dan pengukuran kadar nitrat dan fosfat perairan serta pengukuran parameter perairan secara In situ. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan secara horizontal dengan menggunakan plankton net. Fitoplankton yang ditemukan terdiri dari empat kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae (Rhizosolenia sp. Nitzschia sp. Chaetoceros sp. Navicula sp. Eucampi sp. Pleurosigma sp. Thalassionema sp. Thalassionema sp. Melosira sp.), Dinophyceae (Ceratium sp. Protoperidinium sp.), Chlorophyceae (Spirogyra sp), dan Euglenophyceae (Euglena sp). Hasil perhitungan kelimpahan fitoplankton berada di kisaran 9 - 51 sel/l. Kelimpahan tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun satu yaitu 51 sel/l, kemudian stasiun tiga yaitu 21 sel/l dan stasiun dua yaitu 9 sel/I. Indeks keanekaragaman berada pada kisaran 0,8749 - 1,8668 yang berarti adanya ketidakstabilan komunitas. Indeks keseragaman yaitu pada kisaran 0,2226 - 0,8460, sedangkan indeks dominasi berada pada kisaran 0,2060 - 0,6093, hal ini menunjukkan kondisi perairan dalam keadaan stabil. Kondisi lingkungan (suhu, salinitas, pH, nitrat dan fosfat) di ekosistem padang lamun Perairan Pulau Nain masih cukup baik untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton. Kata kunci: Fitoplankton, Padang Lamun, Pulau Nain, Kelimpahan, Indeks Biologi
Optimizing Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Eluent Composition for Compound Content Separation the Ethanolic Extract of Sponge and Ascidia Lintang, Rosita; Losung, Fitje; Menajang, Febry I. S.; Sumilat, Deiske Adeliene
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v12i2.57116

Abstract

An optimization study of the KLT eluent composition was carried out on the ethanolic extracts of 3 ascidian samples (Ascd-2, Ascd-3, Ascd-4) and 2 sponge samples (Spons-2 and Spons-3). The Ascidia and Sponge marine invertebrate samples were collected from Malalayang, Manado City's coastal waters, and were not identified. This research is a preliminary test to determine the best eluent composition to separate the compounds in the ascidian and sponge sample extracts. Extracted samples with ethanol solvent using the maceration method for 3 x 24 hours at room temperature followed by evaporation at 400C to obtain a thick ethanol extract. The composition of the eluent used is as follows: Hexane: Ethyl Acetate = 3: 7, Hexane: Ethyl Acetate = 2: 3, Hexane: Ethyl Acetate = 1: 9, Methanol: Ethyl Acetate = 1:1, and 100% Methanol. KLT analysis of the extracts from the ascidia and sponge samples showed that most of the variations in eluent composition used could not separate the compound components in the extracts, except the 100% methanol composition which could separate the compounds in the spongs 3 samples. Keywords : Eluent ; Marine Invertebrate; Optimation ; TLC Abstrak Telah dilakukan studi optimasi komposisi eluen KLT terhadap ekstrak etanol dari 3 sampel Ascidia (Ascd-2,Ascd-3,Ascd-4) dan 2 sampel Spons (Spons-2 dan Spons-3). Sampel avertebrata laut Ascidia dan Spons berasal dari perairan pantai Malalayang, Kota Manado dan belum diidentifikasi jenisnya. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu uji pendahuluan yang bertujuan menentukan komposisi eluen terbaik untuk memisahkan senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak sampel ascidian dan spons. Ekstraksi sampel dengan pelarut etanol menggunakan metode maserasi selama 3 x 24 jam pada suhu ruang dan kemudian dievaporasi pada suhu 400C untuk mendapatkan ekstrak etanol kental. Adapun komposisi eluen yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut: Heksana : Etil Asetat= 3 : 7, Heksana : Etil Asetat = 2 : 3, Heksana : Etil Asetat = 1 : 9, Metanol : Etil Asetat = 1 : 1, dan Metanol 100%. Analisis KLT terhadap ekstrak sampel ascidia dan spons memperlihatkan bahwa sebagian besar variasi komposisi eluen yang digunakan tenyata tidak dapat memisahkan komponen senyawa dalam ekstrak, kecuali komposisi 100% methanol yang dapat memisahkan senyawa pada sampel Spons-3. Kata Kunci : Avertebrata Laut; Eluen; KLT: Optimasi