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All Journal Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Christanti Sumardiyono
Departemen Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Deteksi Pengimbasan Ketahanan Pisang terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium dengan Asam Fusarat Christanti Sumardiyono; Suharyanto Suharyanto; Suryanti Suryanti; Putri Rositasari; Yufita Dwi Chinta
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 19, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16345

Abstract

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most destructive disease of banana. Until today this disease has not been successfully controlled. Fusaric acid is a toxin produced by Foc. Tyloses produced in xylem that caused wilting and yellowing of banana plants, inhibit soil nutrition and water stream. The study carried out previously showed that enriched fusaric acid in banana culture induced the resistance of banana seedlings against Foc. The signal of induced resistance increased the phenolic compounds. One of the phenolic compounds is salicylic acid. The aim of this study was to detect induced resistance of banana plant from tissue cultured enriched with fusaric acid. The experiment was done in the field highly infected with Foc. Observation of resistance was done by measuring disease percentage of yellowing and wilting leaves.Tyloses produced in xylem was observed microscopically from cross section of root. Root damage intensity was counted using tyloses score. Salicylic acid content of root was analyzed with phenolic compounds method using HPLC. The results showed that banana plants from enriched tissues culture with 1.165 ppm of fusaric acid increased the resistance against Foc, but salicylic acid was not detected. Salicylic acid was only detected at low concentration (2 ppb) in moderate resistant banana roots from induced plants with 9.32 ppm of fusaric acid. The chromatogram showed three peaks of unknown phenolic compounds. Tyloses intensity was not related with induced resistance of banana against fusarium wilt. Advanced research is needed with more plants samples. It was suggested to identify the phenolic compounds which were detected in induced resistant plant.INTISARILayu fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) adalah penyakit yang sangat merusak pada pisang dan belum dapat dikendalikan secara tuntas. Gejala berupa kelayuan daun karena tersumbatnya xilem karena pembentukan tilosis yaitu pertumbuhan sel dalam jaringan xilem. Pengimbasan ketahanan diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan penambahan asam fusarat dalam kultur jaringan dapat mengimbas ketahanan bibit pisang terhadap penyakit layu fusarium. Asam salisilat adalah salah satu signal ketahanan yang akan meningkat kandungannya bila terjadi peningkatan ketahanan akibat pengimbasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi hasil pengimbasan ketahanan pisang dengan asam fusarat dalam kultur jaringan. Tanaman telah ditanam di lapangan yang terinfeksi berat oleh Foc. Intensitas penyakit di lapang diamati dengan menghitung persentase daun menguning dan atau layu. Intensitas kerusakan akar diamati dengan pembuatan irisan tipis dan pengamatan tilosis dengan cara skoring. Analisis asam salisilat dalam akar dilakukan dengan metode analisis senyawa fenol menggunakan HPLC. Hasil penelitian tanaman dari bibit yang diimbas dengan 1,165 ppm asam fusarat dalam kultur jaringan menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan di lapang. Intensitas tilosis lebih rendah pada tanaman yang diimbas ketahanannya dibandingkan yang tidak diimbas. Asam salisilat dalam tanaman yang diimbas ketahannnya denga asam fusarat 9,32 ppm terdeteksi pada konsentrasi yang sangat rendah yaitu 2 ppb, dengan ketahanan moderat. Pada tanaman hasil pengimbasan yang menunjukkan kriteria tahan asam salisilat tidak terdeteksi, namun terdeteksi tiga puncak senyawa fenol yang belum teridentifikasi. Intensitas tilosis pada tanaman yang diimbas ketahanannya tidak menunjukkan penurunan dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak diperlakukan. Penelitian ini perlu dilanjutkan dengan sampel yang lebih banyak. Identifikasi jenis senyawa fenol perlu dilakukan dalam penelitian lanjutan. 
Pengaruh Stomata dan Klorofil pada Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Jagung terhadap Penyakit Bulai Christine Agustamia; Ani Widiastuti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17703

Abstract

Resistant varieties are more advisable for controlling maize downy mildew compared with fungicides which is not effective and not environmentally friendly. This study is aimed to determine resistance of some varieties of maize against downy mildew. The maize varieties used were BS 0114, BS 0214, BS 0314, PAC 105, Sweet Corn and BISI 2. The parameters measured were disease incidence and intensity, chlorophyll content of leaves, stomatal density and plants dry weight. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results indicated that PAC 105, BS 0214 and BS 0314 were resistant varieties, while BS 0114, Sweet Corn and BISI 2 were susceptible. PAC 105 variety has the lowest stomatal density (65.353/mm2), and Sweet Corn variety has the highest stomatal density (110.79/mm2). Stomatal density was positively correlated with the disease intensity. Higher disease intensity has lower chlorophyll content compared with the lower intensity. PAC 105 variety has the highest chlorophyll content and plant dry weight, while Sweet Corn variety has the lowest chlorophyll content and plant dry weight. INTISARI Penggunaan varietas tahan bulai lebih dianjurkan digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit bulai pada jagung dibandingkan dengan penggunaan fungisida karena tidak efektif dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa varietas jagung terhadap penyakit bulai. Varietas yang digunakan meliputi BS 0114, BS 0214, BS 0314, PAC 105, jagung manis, dan BISI 2. Parameter yang diamati adalah insidensi dan intensitas penyakit, kandungan klorofil setelah inokulasi, kerapatan stomata dan berat kering tanaman. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa varietas PAC 105, BS 0214 dan BS 0314 merupakan varietas tahan, sedangkan varietas BS 0114, jagung manis dan BISI 2 merupakan varietas yang rentan. Varietas tahan PAC 105 memiliki kerapatan stomata paling rendah yaitu 65,353/mm2, dan kerapatan stomata paling tinggi dimiliki oleh varietas rentan yaitu jagung manis dengan kerapatan 110,79/mm2. Kerapatan stomata berkorelasi positif dengan intensitas penyakit dengan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,72526. Semakin rendah intensitas penyakit bulai kandungan klorofil dan berat kering yang semakin tinggi. Varietas PAC 105 yang mempunyai intensitas penyakit paling rendah , mempunyai kandungan klorofil dan berat kering tertinggi, sedangkan varietas jagung manis mempunyai kandungan klorofil dan berat kering terendah.
Viabilitas dan Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense yang Dipreservasi dengan Liofilisasi Iqna Khayatina Rusli; Arif Wibowo; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 22, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.25715

Abstract

Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is still pose as  constraint  to banana production  all over the world. The objective of this research was to examine the viability and virulence of Foc isolates which had been preserved with lyophilization for 18 years. The experiment used 19 isolates of Foc, which were Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidogede, Sidatan, Kemiri, Juwangen, A-17, A-11, PS-5, B4-3-1, Fo2.16.16., PS-10, A-2, and Irja. The results showed that 12 isolates could grow well on PDA medium, namely Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidatan, Juwangen, PS-5, B4-3-1, and Fo2.16.16. Meanwhile, seven isolates (Sidogede, Kemiri, A-17, A-11, PS-10, A-2, and Irja) could not grow or develop on PDA medium. The result of pathogenicity test showed that six tested Foc isolates had  very high virulences, with disease severity index of about 2.14–2.71. Other three isolates revealed high virulences with disease severity index around 2.01–2.07. Meanwhile, another three less virulent isolates demonstrated disease severity index in the range of 1.39–1.67. Intisari Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense (Foc) masih menjadi kendala dalam produksi pisang di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji viabilitas dan virulensi isolat Foc yang telah dipreservasi dengan liofilisasi selama 18 tahun. Penelitian menggunakan 19 isolat Foc yaitu Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidogede, Sidatan, Kemiri, Juwangen, A-17, A-11, PS-5, B4-3-1, Fo2.16.16., PS-10, A-2, dan Irja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 isolat Foc mampu tumbuh dengan baik pada medium PDA yaitu Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidatan, Juwangen, PS-5, B4-3-1, dan Fo2.16.16. 7 isolat tidak mampu tumbuh pada medium PDA yaitu Sidogede, Kemiri, A-17, A-11, PS-10, A-2, dan Irja. Enam isolat Foc yang diuji memiliki virulensi sangat tinggi dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 2,14–2,71. Tiga isolat yang lain memiliki virulensi tinggi dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 2,01–2,07. Sedangkan 3 isolat lainnya memiliki virulensi yang lebih rendah dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 1,39–1,67. 
RICE SEED TREATMENTS BY SOAKING IN WATER AND THREE PESTICIDES (CARBOSULFAN, BENOMYL, AND IMIDACLOPRID) TO CONTROL FOLIAR NEMATODE Aphelenchoides besseyi Miftahul Ajri; Siwi Indarti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Agroteknologi Vol 14, No 1 (2023): Agustus 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/ja.v14i1.22283

Abstract

Aphelenchoides besseyi is one of the most important parasitic nematodes in rice plants, capable of dormancy in rice seeds. This study aims to determine the effects of soaking rice seeds in water and pesticides (carbosulfan, benomyl, and imidacloprid) on the mortality of A. besseyi, seed viability, and symptoms in rice seedlings. This study specifically used rice seeds infected with A. besseyi. Cold water treatment (cwt) at 5-10ËšC for 24 hours followed by hot water treatment (hwt) at 52ËšC for 10 minutes caused 51.17% A. besseyi mortality yet reduced the seed viability. Soaking the seed in the water at 25-30ËšC for 24 hours followed by hwt at 57ËšC for 10 minutes and hwt at 52ËšC for 10 minutes could cause 48.67%, 39.18% and 33.05% nematode mortality, respectively. Low nematode mortality in all treatments (less than 60%) showed symptoms of A. besseyi infection in rice seedlings 21 days after planting. Seed dressing with imidacloprid 5WP (2% by seed weight) caused 47.25% A. besseyi mortality, whereas benomyl 50WP (0.2% by seed weight) and carbosulfan 25ST (2% by seed weight) caused only 27.61% and 11.34%. Based on two parameters (nematode mortality and seed viability), the most effective treatments were soaking the rice seeds in the water at 25-30ËšC for 24 hours and seed dressing with imidacloprid.
In Vitro Evaluation on Resistance of Phytopythium vexans (NG Isolate) Cultured from Sublethal Concentration against Several Fungicides Santika, Islaminati Anna; Wibowo, Arif; Suryanti, Suryanti; Sumardiyono, Christanti; Widiastuti, Ani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.73045

Abstract

Phytopythium vexans isolated from potatoes rhizospher in Ngablak, Magelang, Central Java was reported having a potency to cause potato tuber rot in in vitro test. Some fungicides had been intensively applied in this area to control potato late blight even using sublethal dose. This study investigated resistance response of the pathogen against several fungicides which were Mancozeb, Dimethomorph, mixture of Mancozeb and Mefenoxam, and mixture of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone. The experiment was conducted to observe the sensitivity response of pathogen against those fungicide and the experiment repeated with one of the isolates which growth in sublethal concentration to observe the resistance response. Both experiment data was analyzed by Probit Analysis. On sentivity test, data showed that P. vexans were insensitive against Dimethomorph, but it was sensitive against Mancozeb, mixture of Mancozeb and Mefenoxam, as well as mixture of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone. On Mancozeb treatment, mycelia were inhibited 100% at the sugested concentration. However, at the sublethal concentration the mycelial collony grew abnormally. Pathogen isolate from the sublethal concentration were used as material for the resistance response study. The effect of the sublethal application of Mancozeb to P. vexans caused resistance to Mancozeb itself and cross resistance against Dimetomorph and mixture of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone. It was proven by higher value of predicted EC50 and EC95 on the second experiment compared to the predicted EC50 and EC95 from the first one. The resistant P. vexans isolate was able to produce sporangium and chlamydospore.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Achmadi Priyatmojo Ajri, Miftahul Albertus Sudirman Ani Widiastuti Ani Widiastuti Ani Widiastuti, Ani Aries Pratomo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Arif Wibowo Bambang Hadisutrisno Christine Agustamia Didik Indradewa Dwi Kiswanti Edhi Martono Eko Agus Martanto Endang Semiarti Haryadi - Haryadi Haryadi Haryono Semangun Hasan Ashari Oramahi Ika Roostika Tambunan Iqna Khayatina Rusli Isam Eldeen Ibrahim Hassan Abdalla JAKA WIDADA Johanna Taribuka, Johanna Kardi Raharjo Liliek Sulistyowati Maemonah, Maemonah Nasrun Nasrun Niken Rasmi Paramita Nur Edy Nursamsi Pusposendjojo Nursamsi Pusposendjojo, Nursamsi Peter Taylor Putri Rositasari Santika, Islaminati Anna SEDYO HARTONO Setyo Agung Sismindari Sismindari Siti Muslimah Widyastuti SITI MUSLIMAH WIDYASTUTI Siti Subandiyah Siwi Indarti Sri Trisnowati Sudarmadi Sudarmadi Sukamto Sukamto Suryanti Suryanti Suryanti Suryanti Suryanti Tunjung Pamekas Wahyu Agustina Y. M.S. Maryudani Yoga Yuniadi Yufita Dwi Chinta Yufita Dwi Chinta Yuli Kristiawati