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All Journal USU LAW JOURNAL Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) Jurnal Darma Agung NOMOI Law Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Recht Studiosum Law Review
Robert, Robert
Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara
Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Punishing The Bankruptcy Fraudsters: What Can Indonesia Learn from United States of America? Robert, Robert; Agustina, Rosa; Nasution, Bismar
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Vol 20, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jdh.2020.20.1.2874

Abstract

Bankruptcy is a system that was created to provide financially distressed debtors relief from their debts while providing the creditors with a fair portion of the debtors’ assets. Unfortunately, certain parties might attempt to beat the system unfairly. The goals of this study are to compare Title 18 United States Code with Indonesia’s legal system regarding bankruptcy fraud and how the Indonesian bankruptcy law ought to be in regulating bankruptcy fraud. This research is qualitative, using a black letter method and legal comparative approach. The result of this study shows that Indonesian bankruptcy law does not regulate provisions regarding bankruptcy fraud as comprehensive as Title 18 United States Code. It is suggested that the Indonesian government amends the bankruptcy law, therefore the public’s confidence in the bankruptcy system can be preserved while providing a deterrence effect for the participants who might exploit the bankruptcy system for their advantages. Keywords: bankruptcy; bankruptcy crime; fraud; white collar crime
KONSEP UTANG DALAM HUKUM KEPAILITAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN PEMBUKTIAN SEDERHANA (STUDI PUTUSAN NO: 04/PDT.SUS.PAILIT/2015/PN.NIAGA.JKT.PST) Robert Robert; Sunarmi Sunarmi; Dedi Harianto; Keizerina Devi Azwar
USU LAW JOURNAL Vol 4, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (538.71 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Verification process plays a vital role to resolve a case. in the verification of bankruptcy cases which is carried out with a simple verification. This simple verification in practice often causes a problem because because there are not any lucid parameters related to it in the UUKPKPU (Law on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation) This simple verification frequently disregards the aim and philosophy of the Bankruptcy Law because it can facilitate a debtor’s bankruptcy that is still solvent or be taken advantage by a bad debtor to apply for a fictive bankruptcy. The wide debt concept in the bankruptcy law tends to be unable to be simply verified, so the insolvency test can be used as a verified method alternative o apply for a bankruptcy statement so that the bankruptcy application can meet the objective and philosophy of the bankruptcy itself. Judges are not supposed to be rigid or positivistic in examining and adjudicating the case they face because they will tend to fail to notice the stakeholders’ sense of justice. Keyword: Bankruptcy, Simple Verification, Debt Concept.
Comparison of Civil Law Regarding The Implementation of Cyber Notary in Countries With Common Law and Civil Law Traditions Ikhsan Lubis; Tarsisius Murwadji; Mahmul Siregar; Detania Sukarja; Robert Robert; Dedi Harianto; Mariane Magda Ketaren
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol 10, No 1: April 2022 : Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ius.v0i0.981

Abstract

In the era of modern technology as it is today and even more so in the Covid-19 pandemic, cyber notary is also mentioned as a post that needs to carry out each technical aspect of his/her authority and duties as a notary with the help of technology, especially that is related to the urgency of making a notary deed electronically. Article 16, Paragraph (1), lines C and M of the Law on Notary’s Position (Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris-UUJN) requires a notary to embed a fingerprint as an attachment to the original deed and read out the deed/agreement in the presence of client attended by at least two (2) witnesses, and after being read, should be signed by the client, witnesses, and a notary. Meanwhile, the Law on Article 5 Paragraph (4) on Information Technology and Electronic Transaction (UU ITE) provides limitations by making exceptions to notary deed is not included in the category of electronic information or document. Therefore the problem concerning the creation of a legally binding relationship (a deed) using electronic means (e-Notary) has not yet received a solid legal basis and has not guaranteed legal certainty, especially regarding the authenticity and existence of the electronic deed. In addition, the research will also explore the practice of implementing the development of the cyber notary concept in the field of civil law in several countries, both those with the Common Law tradition and the Civil Law tradition, many of which have empowered the function and role of a notary in electronic transactions. The utilized research technique is the normative legal research technique by using the approach to legislation and analysis of legal concepts sourced from primary or secondary legal materials. The results indicate that the concept of a cyber notary in creating a deed by electronic means (e-Notary) requires arrangements that provide clear rules regarding the terms or conditions in the framework of making a notary or authentic deed conducted using the concept of a cyber notary. Thus, the notary can carry out professional duties without contradicting the laws and regulations. In addition, the development of the cyber notary concept that comes from the Common Law System tradition in practice has been widely applied and is no exception for the Indonesian state which is included in the tradition of countries that adhere to the Civil Law System as a modern legal state, of course, cannot escape developments outside the law.
Comparison of Civil Law Regarding The Implementation of Cyber Notary in Countries With Common Law and Civil Law Traditions Ikhsan Lubis; Tarsisius Murwadji; Mahmul Siregar; Detania Sukarja; Robert Robert; Dedi Harianto; Mariane Magda Ketaren
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 10 No. 1: April 2022 : Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ius.v10i1.981

Abstract

In the era of modern technology as it is today and even more so in the Covid-19 pandemic, cyber notary is also mentioned as a post that needs to carry out each technical aspect of his/her authority and duties as a notary with the help of technology, especially that is related to the urgency of making a notary deed electronically. Article 16, Paragraph (1), lines C and M of the Law on Notary’s Position (Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris-UUJN) requires a notary to embed a fingerprint as an attachment to the original deed and read out the deed/agreement in the presence of client attended by at least two (2) witnesses, and after being read, should be signed by the client, witnesses, and a notary. Meanwhile, the Law on Article 5 Paragraph (4) on Information Technology and Electronic Transaction (UU ITE) provides limitations by making exceptions to notary deed is not included in the category of electronic information or document. Therefore the problem concerning the creation of a legally binding relationship (a deed) using electronic means (e-Notary) has not yet received a solid legal basis and has not guaranteed legal certainty, especially regarding the authenticity and existence of the electronic deed. In addition, the research will also explore the practice of implementing the development of the cyber notary concept in the field of civil law in several countries, both those with the Common Law tradition and the Civil Law tradition, many of which have empowered the function and role of a notary in electronic transactions. The utilized research technique is the normative legal research technique by using the approach to legislation and analysis of legal concepts sourced from primary or secondary legal materials. The results indicate that the concept of a cyber notary in creating a deed by electronic means (e-Notary) requires arrangements that provide clear rules regarding the terms or conditions in the framework of making a notary or authentic deed conducted using the concept of a cyber notary. Thus, the notary can carry out professional duties without contradicting the laws and regulations. In addition, the development of the cyber notary concept that comes from the Common Law System tradition in practice has been widely applied and is no exception for the Indonesian state which is included in the tradition of countries that adhere to the Civil Law System as a modern legal state, of course, cannot escape developments outside the law.
Analisis Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Upaya Hukum Kasasi Terhadap Putusan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (Studi Putusan No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021) Lufti Nasution , Miranda; Sunarmi, Sunarmi; Robert, Robert
Recht Studiosum Law Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Volume 2 Nomor 2 (November-2023)
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/rslr.v2i2.12105

Abstract

Urgensi upaya hukum kasasi dalam putusan pailit yang didahului permohonan PKPU sejatinya ditujukan untuk mengantisipasi modus mempailitkan badan usaha yang masih solven melalui penyalahgunaan Pasal 222 ayat (1) dan (3) UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 dengan cara menggagalkan perdamaian dalam proses PKPU. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pentingnya eksistensi upaya hukum kasasi dalam perkara pailit yang diawali permohonan PKPU. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa upaya hukum terhadap putusan PKPU tidak hanya ditutup melalui UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 namun juga dalam beberapa Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA) dengan alasan perdamaian dalam PKPU sudah cukup untuk menyelesaikan perkara. Namun seiring perkembangan zaman, upaya hukum kasasi terhadap putusan pailit yang diawali permohonan PKPU diberikan secara terbatas melalui Putusan MK No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021. Upaya hukum kasasi dapat diajukan terhadap putusan pailit yang diawali permohonan PKPU dengan syarat permohonan PKPU diajukan oleh kreditur dan proposal perdamaian debitur ditolak.
Key Considerations on the Authority of the Commercial Court and the State Court in Debt Qualification Marpaung, Abdul Hakim; Sunarmi, Sunarmi; Robert, Robert
JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): JURNAL HUKUM REPLIK
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31000/jhr.v12i2.11491

Abstract

Article 1, Clause 6 of Law Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations defines debt, but confusion often arises when cases that should fall under the District Court's authority are instead handled by the Commercial Court, especially regarding debt proof. This thesis examines the evolution of debt in Indonesian bankruptcy law, the application of simple debt proof, and the overlap of jurisdiction between District and Commercial Courts in bankruptcy cases. The research, based on a normative legal approach using statutory, case-based, and historical methods, identifies that the concept of debt in Indonesia has evolved significantly, starting from Failisement Verordening to Law No. 37/2004, reflecting the need for refined legal mechanisms. Simple proof of debt is established when the debtor has two or more creditors and fails to pay at least one due and collectible debt, with creditors required to meet specific conditions to prove default. Jurisdiction between the Commercial and District Courts depends on the complexity of evidence—straightforward cases go to the Commercial Court, while complex ones fall under the District Court’s authority. However, the ambiguity in defining the respective authority of each court persists, highlighting the need for amending Article 1, Clause 6 of Law No. 37/2004 to establish clearer benchmarks for simple evidentiary standards in debt-related cases.Keywords: Bankruptcy, Debt, Commercial Court, District Court, Legal Authority, Indonesia.
RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES IN APPLICATIONS FOR POSTPONEMENT OF DEBT PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS BY EMPLOYEES AGAINST COMPANIES FAILING TO FULFILL THEIR OBLIGATIONS (A Case Study of Decision Number: 20/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2019/PN.Niaga.Mdn) Aziz, Muhammad Fauzan; Sunarmi, Sunarmi; Siregar, Mahmul; Robert, Robert
JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): JURNAL HUKUM REPLIK
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31000/jhr.v12i2.12839

Abstract

This research examines the use of Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations as an alternative mechanism for resolving disputes between employees and companies that fail to fulfill employees' normative rights. Using a normative legal research method and qualitative analysis, the study explores the legal framework for filing Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations, the dispute resolution process in the Commercial Court, and an analysis of Decision Number 20/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2019/PN.Niaga.Mdn. The findings demonstrate that Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations provides a legal mechanism for employees to claim their rights. The Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations process includes debt verification, creditors' meetings, and reconciliation efforts. The analyzed decision highlights the effectiveness of Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations in resolving disputes, resulting in the full payment of employees' rights while giving companies an opportunity to fulfill their obligations. This suggests that Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations can serve as a fair and efficient solution for safeguarding employees' rights.Keywords: Dispute Resolution, Application for Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations, Employees, Companies
AKIBAT HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU USAHA JASA TITIP (JASTIP) BARANG DARI LUAR NEGERI DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG KEPABEANAN Fahlepy, Ifaldy Riski; Sunarmi, Sunarmi; Devi A, T.Keizerina; Robert, Robert
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol 7, No 4 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v7i4.2310

Abstract

Abstract: Significant benefits so that it is favored by many people. This study focuses on analyzing regulations for apparel consignment service (jastip) business actors from abroad, with the aim that in the future the practice of consignment service businesses (clothing) can obtain regulations related to the rules for purchasing goods or business permits from the government. Based on this study, it is concluded that the regulations for apparel consignment service (jastip) business actors from abroad are Law No. 17 of 2006 concerning Customs, Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 203/PMK.04/2017 concerning Provisions on Export and Import of Goods Carried by Passengers and Crew of Transportation Facilities, and Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 199/PMK.010/2019 concerning Provisions on Customs, Excise and Tax on Import of Shipped Goods. Sanctions against apparel consignment service (jastip) business actors who violate Law No. 17 of 2006 concerning Customs, namely in Article 102B of Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Customs, the criminal threat is a minimum of 5 (five) years imprisonment and a maximum of 20 (twenty) years imprisonment. The role of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise in the rampant practice of jastip apparel in Indonesia is by conducting supervision. The form of supervision carried out by Customs and Excise is through the system, baggage x-ray analysis, and passenger profile analysis. Keywords: Businessmen, Entrustment Service Abstrak: Maraknya bisnis jasa titip yang berkembang di Indonesia yang dalam praktiknya memberikan keuntungan yang signifikan sehingga banyak digemari oleh banyak kalangan. Penelitian ini fokus menganalisis regulasi terhadap pelaku usaha jasa titip (jastip) apparel dari luar negeri, dengan tujuan agar ke depannya praktik terhadap usaha jasa titip barang (pakaian) tersebut bisa mendapatkan regulasi terkait dengan aturan-aturan pembelian barang ataupun izin usaha dari pemerintah. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa regulasi terhadap pelaku usaha jasa titip (jastip) apparel dari luar negeri yaitu Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Kepabeanan, Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 203/PMK.04/2017 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Barang yang Dibawa Oleh Penumpang dan Awak Sarana Pengangkut, serta Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 199/PMK.010/2019 tentang Ketentuan Kepabeanan, Cukai dan Pajak Atas Impor Barang Kiriman. Sanksi terhadap pelaku usaha jasa titip (jastip) apparel yang melanggar Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Kepabeanan yaitu terdapat dalam Pasal 102B Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Kepabeanan, ancaman pidananya adalah pidana penjara paling singkat 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana penjara paling lama 20 (dua puluh) tahun. Adapun peran Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai dalam maraknya praktik jastip apparel di Indonesia yaitu dengan melakukan pengawasan. Bentuk pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Bea dan Cukai yaitu melalui sistem, analisis x-ray bagasi, dan analisis profil penumpang. Kata kunci: Pelaku Usaha, Jasa Titip 
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSFER OF SHARES TO PARTIES OTHER THAN THE HEIRS OF SHARE OWNERS WHICH CAUSE ACTS UNLAWFUL (CASE STUDY OF MEDAN DISTRICT COURT DECISION NO. 552/PDT.G/2018/PN.MDN) Nadeak, Sugianto SP; Sirait, Ningrum Natasya; Robert, Robert
NOMOI Law Review Vol 5, No 2 (2024): November Edition
Publisher : NOMOI Law Review

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/nomoi.v5i2.21305

Abstract

Shares are movable objects so that shareholders can transfer shares to other parties by fulfilling the requirements for transfer of rights as stipulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UUPT). Shares can be transferred to the heirs of the shareholder if the shareholder dies. The transfer of shares due to inheritance is regulated in Article 57 paragraph (2) of the UUPT. This provision confirms that shares are an object of inheritance. Inheritance for Christians is regulated in civil law provisions (KUH Perdata). Article 833 of the KUH Perdata stipulates that the right to ownership of the heir is legally transferred to the heirs. This provision states that the heirs have rights to the shares owned by the heir so that if the shares are transferred or distributed to other parties without the consent of the heirs, it is a form of unlawful act. This research is normative legal research with a statute approach and case study. The results of the study found that limited liability companies secretly transferred shares by distributing shares owned by deceased shareholders to other parties without the consent of the shareholder's heirs as in the Medan District Court Decision Number: 552/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Mdn. Based on the evidence in the trial, the Judge in the decision stated that the limited liability company's actions in distributing shares owned by deceased shareholders to other parties without the consent of the heirs was an unlawful act because according to the UUPT, limited liability companies are not shareholders so that limited liability companies do not have the right and capacity to distribute the shares
TANGGUNG JAWAB PEMEGANG SAHAM PERSEROAN PERSEORANGAN TERHADAP KERUGIAN YANG DIALAMI PERSEROAN Surbakti, Evan Seprianta; Siregar, Mahmul; Robert, Robert
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol 8, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v8i1.2787

Abstract

Abstract: A single-member limited liability company (SMLLC), as regulated under Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and its amendment through Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation, represents a new form of legal entity offering greater flexibility for micro and small enterprises. However, this entity raises various legal challenges, particularly related to the principle of limited liability (separate legal entity) and the application of the piercing the corporate veil doctrine. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the SMLLC's status as a legal entity, evaluate the application of the limited liability doctrine to single shareholders who also serve as directors, and examine legal protections for SMLLCs as independent legal entities against actions by single shareholders. The research employs a normative legal method with legislative and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that SMLLCs have distinct characteristics compared to conventional limited liability companies, necessitating adjustments in the application of the limited liability principle. In certain circumstances, single shareholders may be held fully liable for company losses under the piercing the corporate veil doctrine, particularly in cases of misuse of the corporate form for personal gain. This study provides recommendations for policymakers to clarify the legal framework governing SMLLCs to mitigate potential legal conflicts and ensure balanced protection for all stakeholders. Keyword: Single-Member Limited Liability Company, Shareholder Liability, Piercing The Corporate Veil, Legal Entity, Legal Doctrine Abstrak: Perseroan terbatas perorangan, yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan perubahan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja, merupakan bentuk badan hukum baru yang memberikan fleksibilitas lebih besar kepada usaha mikro dan kecil. Namun, keberadaan perseroan ini juga menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan hukum, khususnya terkait prinsip pemisahan tanggung jawab (separate legal entity) dan penerapan doktrin piercing the corporate veil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum dari kedudukan perseroan terbatas perorangan sebagai badan hukum; mengevaluasi penerapan doktrin tanggung jawab terbatas terhadap pemegang saham tunggal yang merangkap sebagai direksi; dan mengkaji perlindungan hukum bagi perseroan terbatas perorangan sebagai badan hukum mandiri dari tindakan pemegang saham tunggal. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perseroan terbatas perorangan memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan perseroan terbatas konvensional, sehingga prinsip tanggung jawab terbatas membutuhkan penyesuaian. Dalam situasi tertentu, pemegang saham tunggal dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban penuh atas kerugian perseroan berdasarkan doktrin piercing the corporate veil, terutama jika terjadi penyalahgunaan fungsi badan hukum untuk kepentingan pribadi. Implikasi penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk memperjelas pengaturan hukum perseroan terbatas perorangan guna mengurangi potensi konflik hukum dan memberikan perlindungan yang seimbang bagi semua pihak terkait.Kata kunci: Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Saham, Perseroan Terbatas Perorangan, Piercing The Corporate Veil, Badan Hukum, Doktrin Hukum
Co-Authors Aziz, Muhammad Fauzan Bella Azigna Purnama BISMAR NASUTION Dedi Harianto Devi A, T.Keizerina Fahlepy, Ifaldy Riski Keizerina Devi Azwar Kennedy, Kennedy Lubis, Ikhsan Lufti Nasution , Miranda Mahmud Mulyadi MAHMUL SIREGAR Mariane Magda Ketaren Marpaung, Abdul Hakim Nadeak, Sugianto SP NINGRUM NATASYA SIRAIT Prisando, Taruna Rosa Agustina Saidin, OK Sukarja, Detania Sunarmi Sunarmi Sunarmi, Sunarmi Surbakti, Evan Seprianta Tarsisius Murwadji