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Association between BMI, Immunocompromised Status, and Pulmonary TB History with Severity of TB Spondylitis Mulia, Maulidia; Supartono, Basuki; Yulianti, Retno; Amalia, Muttia
Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30742/jikw.v14i2.4725

Abstract

Abstract Background: Tuberculous spondylitis is the most common form of skeletal TB that can cause joint damage and disability if left untreated. Several studies have discussed risk factors associated with the severity of TB spondylitis. However, there are differences in findings among these studies, especially regarding age, sex, body mass index, immunocompromised conditions, and pulmonary TB history. Early detection through risk factor screening and adequate treatment can be useful to prevent disease severity. Objective: This research aims to find out the association between risk factors and the severity of TB spondylitis using GATA classification. Methods: Observational analytical methods with a retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study design were used. Using consecutive sampling technique. The total research sample was 50 patients diagnosed with TB spondylitis between January 1, 2022-December 31, 2024 at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital Jakarta. Result: The characteristics of TB spondylitis patients were mostly adults (68%), male (54%), had normal BMI (42%), had immunocompromised conditions (52%), and had a history of pulmonary TB (58%), with severe TB spondylitis (42%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between BMI (p=0.033) and immunocompromised conditions (p=0.047) and no significant association between age (p=0.482), sex (p=0.356), and history of pulmonary TB (p=0.469) with the severity of TB spondylitis. Conclusion: A significant association was found between BMI and immunocompromised conditions with the severity of TB spondylitis. However, there is no significant association between pulmonary TB history with the severity of TB spondylitis.Keywords: risk factors, tuberculous spondylitis, severity
EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND FREQUENCY VARIATIONS ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATES AGAINST Salmonella typhi Kenza Anggita Vindasari; Meiskha Bahar; Fajriati Zulfa; Muttia Amalia
BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Biolink February
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/biolink.v12i2.15882

Abstract

Salmonella typhi is a negative Gram bacteria that causes typhoid fever and requires alternative therapeutic approaches due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Actinomycetes are known as producers of secondary metabolites with high, stable, and adaptive antibacterial activity; however, their effectiveness is strongly influenced by the extraction method of bioactive compounds. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) has the potential to enhance extraction efficiency through cavitation effects and frequency variation, which has not been widely explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of different UAE frequencies (30 kHz, 40 kHz, and 50 kHz) on the ability of Actinomycetes isolates to inhibit the growth of S. typhi. Extraction was performed using UAE at three different frequencies. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the well diffusion method on Nutrient Agar medium. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured using a digital caliper and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. The mean inhibition zone diameters at 30 kHz, 40 kHz, and 50 kHz were 4.42 mm, 4.00 mm, and 5.76 mm, respectively. Based on the Davis and Stout classification, the 30 kHz and 40 kHz treatments were categorized as weak (<5 mm), whereas 50 kHz was classified as moderate (5–10 mm). Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.05). These differences affected the effectiveness of Actinomycetes  in inhibiting the growth of S. typhi. The 50 kHz frequency exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with the largest inhibition zone diameter indicating optimal efficiency in the release of secondary metabolite compounds.