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SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA CELOSIA Mastuti, Retno
BIOWALLACEA Vol 1, No 3 (2015): BioWallacea Vol 1 No 3
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi FMIPA Universitas Mataram

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Â Celosia merupakan salah satu kelompok tumbuhan C3 dari famili Amaranthaceae yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat. Tumbuhan ini berkhasiat antara lain sebagai antiinflamsi dan menghentikan pendarahan. Hal ini diduga disebabkan oleh kandungan minyak lemak, kaempferitrin, amarantin, dan pinitol, pada bagian bunga yang berwarna merah dan kandungan saponin, flavonoida, dan polifenol pada daun. Celosia memiliki banyak varian berdasarkan bentuk dan warna bunga maupun daun. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol beberapa sampel bunga Celosia yang tumbuh di wilayah Jawa Timur. Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) digunakan untuk menguji komponen fitokimia pada sampel bubuk bunga kering yang diekstrak dengan etanol. Kuantifikasi kandungan pigmen betasianin dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri. Kandungan total fenol diukur dengan spektrofotometer menggunakan reagen Follin-Ciocalteu. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur berdasarkan metode DPPH, ABTS dan FRAP dan selanjutnya hubungannya dengan kandungan total fenol dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga Celosia mengandung alkaloid, saponin/tanin, flavonoid dan polifenol dan pigmen betasianin. Ekstrak bunga Celosia TW1 memiliki kandungan total fenol dan kapasitas antioksidan paling tinggi dibanding sampel bunga yang lain. Sebagian besar ekstrak bunga Celosia memiliki kemampuan tinggi menangkap radikal bebas tetapi kemampuan reduksi Fe3+ menjadi Fe2+ rendah. Â Kata kunci: Celosia, etanol, fitokimia, khromatografi lapis tipis

Pertumbuhan Serta Hubungan Kerapatan Stomata Dan Berat Umbi Pada Amorphophallus muelleri Blume Dan Amorphophallus variabilis Blume Khoiroh, Yasminatul; Harijati, Nunung; Mastuti, Retno
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 2, No 5 (2014)
Publisher : Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (90.602 KB)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, struktur dan kerapatan stomata daun A. muelleri dan A. variabilis yang benihnya berasal dari biji, serta hubungan kerapatan stomata daun dengan berat umbi yang dihasilkannya. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penanaman biji, pengukuran factor abiotik, pengukuran parameter pertumbuhan, pembuatan preparat daun, penghitungan kerapatan stomata, pemanenan umbi, serta analisis data. Setelah biji dikecambahkan, kemudian pengamatan dilakukan pada umur 10, 14, dan 18 minggu setiap umur panen. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah diameter petiol, tinggi tanaman, lebar tajuk, luas daun, berat basah dan kering umbi, serta diameter umbi. Data dianalisis dengan bantuan SPSS 16.0Â for windows. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan A. variabilis lebih cepat dibandingkan A. muelleri. Struktur stomata dua spesies ini adalah sel penutup dikelilingi oleh 4 sel tetangga. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson signifikansi < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan stomata tidak berkorelasi dengan berat basah maupun berat kering umbi, begitu pula dengan luas daun tidak berkorelasi dengan berat basah maupun berat kering umbi. Luas daun hanya berkorelasi dengan tinggi tanaman. Kata kunci: A. muelleri, A. variabilis, berat umbi, stomata.

Estimation of Diverse Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) Age in Forest Are Based on Brancing Pattern of Leaf Petiolule Harijati, Nunung; Mastuti, Retno
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Porang is higher plant which has unique morphology. Tuber, petiole and lamina are the main part of its body. Even Porang doesn’t have true stem, only petiole, its lamina not simple leaves but compound leaves with special pattern. Branching patterns of petiolule are not same in different age. Therefore the aim of research was to observe branching pattern of petiolule from Porang age 1-4 that lived in their native habitat i.e. forest. The research was conducted in secondary forest in Sumberbendo village, Madiun. Determination porang age was helped by expert farmer that worked with porang for long time. The result showed that Porang age 1 had petiolule with braching type 1-0. Porang age 2 was 1-3, Porang age 3 was 1-3-2, and Porang age 4 was 1-3-2-2. The petiolule which acted as a base of new branch had one or few single simple leaf. The leave could be both sinus and un-sinus leaves located in between two initial or base branching. The position of the leaves were opposite or alternate along with petiolule. If location single leaf just in point branching, the new petiolule morphology was not be considered as petiolule but midrib.

Genetic Variation Analysis of EMS-Induced Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Mutants Using SSR Markers Dwinianti, Edia Fitri; Mastuti, Retno; Arumingtyas, Estri Laras
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Mutation induction with chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) capable of producing genetic variation in plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate genetic variation of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants using SSR molecular marker. Various concentration of EMS (0.01%; 0.02%; 0.04%) were applied to chili pepper seeds of Genotypes 2, 7, and 11. The genomic DNA was isolated from mutants and control plants then used for PCR analysis using three SSR primers namely CA26, CA52 and CA96. The three SSR primers were able to detect genetic variation in the three genotypes of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants and control plants. A total of 18 alleles have been identified in all three SSR loci with PIC values ranging from 0.792 to 0.893. The three genotypes of chili pepper plants had different sensitivity to EMS mutation induction. Genotype 11 plants showed higher sensitivity to EMS treatment than genotypes 2 and 7 based on the amount of genomic changes. Dendrogram constructed based on genetic similarity values distributed the mutants and control plants into three main groups with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.34 to 0.90. Similar genotype either control plant or mutants, especially Genotypes 2 and 7 were group into similar group. However, for the Genotype 11 plants, large genome changes cause mutant plants G11K1, G11K2, G11K3 had a low genetic similarity to their control plants, so the mutants were separated in a different group from the control plant. Those indicate that EMS mutation induction capable of increasing genetic variation in chili pepper plants based on SSR molecular marker.

MICROSATELLITE MARKER FOR GENETIC VARIATION ANALYSIS IN LOCAL CHILI PEPPER (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS L.) INDUCED BY ETHYL METHANE SULFONATE (EMS) Juliandari, Ria Reinnata; Mastuti, Retno; Arumningtyas, Estri Laras; Arumningtyas, Estri Laras
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Mutation using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) is a simple and quick method to produce genetic variation in chili pepper. In this study, a total of 3 genotypes of local chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), i.e. Genotype 2 (G2), Genotype 7 (G7), and Genotype 11 (G11) were induced by EMS with concentrations of 0% (K0), 0.01% (K1), 0.02% (K2), and 0.04% (K3). Genetic variation analysis in mutant was performed based on 3 microsatellite markers CA 19, CA 27, CA 62. Those molecular markers successfully detected the genetic variation in chili pepper mutant based on the number and size of microsatellite alleles variation. The 3 genotypes of chili pepper mutant produced a total of 15 alleles with the average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value of 0.82. Compared to the control plant, genetic variations in genome level were observed in local chili pepper. Furthermore, the treatment of EMS with concentration of 0.04% produced the most notable genetic variation in 3 genotypes of local chili pepper.

Genetic Diversity Study Among Six Genera of Amaranth Family Found in Malang Based on RAPD Marker Fatinah, Arik Arubil; Arumingtyas, Estri Laras; Mastuti, Retno
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 2, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Genera of amaranth family tend to have phenotypic variation partly caused by environmental factor. Phenotypic variation was the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors. One of molecular markers that is widely used for detecting genetic variation is RAPD. RAPD is used for polymorphism detections and is now possible for identifiying a large number of loci and ascribes unambiguous taxonomic and genetic relationships among different taxa. Members of amaranth family found in Indonesia are Amaranthus, Celosia, Aerva, Alternanthera, Achyranthes, Gomphrena, Salsola, and Iresine. Six genera of which (Amaranthus, Celosia, Aerva, Alternanthera, Achyranthes, and Gomphrena) were observed in this study. DNA was extracted from fresh young leaves using Doyle and Doyles method with modification in the extraction buffer used. RAPD analyses were carried out with 20 decamer primers from Kit A of Operon Technology. DNA was amplified using master cycler gradient Eppendorf with 35 cycles. RAPD products were separated on 1,5 % agarose gels and detected by staining with ethidium bromide. There were 374 bands generated in 18 random primers. The number of monomorphic bands, polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphism were 21 bands, 353 bands, and 94,38 % respectively. The high number and percentage of polymorphic bands revealed genomic DNA variation. This variation is in accordance with phenotypic variation detected in this experiment. Therefore, it can be concluded that, based on DNA polymorphism detected by RAPD, Amaranth family can be classified into two sub families namely Amaranthoideae and Gomphrenoideae.

The Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) in Porang Corms (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) at Different Harvest Time Chairiyah, Nurul; Harijati, Nunung; Mastuti, Retno
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.05

The research aims to observe the influence of harvesting time on the change of calcium oxalate (CaOx) content and crystal density in Porang corms. The corms were harvested at different times, i.e., (1) two weeks before the plants shed (R0-1), (2) when the plants shed (R0), and (3) two weeks after the plants shed (R0+1). CaOx was obtained using the modified extracting method. Microscopic observations were obtained from the slices of the edge and center part of porang corms. Parameter observed including CaOx content, corm weight, shape, and density of CaOx crystal. CaOx content and crystal density in corms were analyzed using One way ANOVA. If the results are significant, it will be followed by Tukey Test Î± 0.05. In the meantime, the relation between CaOx content and corm weight was analyzed using Correlation Test Bivariate. The results showed that CaOx content was relatively higher in porang corms, i.e., 15.98 Â± 0.60g/100g. On the other hand, the increasing of CaOx content might improve corm weight. The total density of druse, styloid, and prism crystal was pretty high in corms obtained when the plants shed compared to another harvest time, i.e., 1,494 Â± 286; 31,280 Â± 17,406 and 6,256 Â± 1,533 crystals/cm2 . Raphide crystal density, by contrast, increased in corms obtained after the plants shed, i.e.,1,656 Â± 368 crystals/cm2 . Total CaOx crystal density in the edge parts of corms harvested when the plants shed was proportionately higher than in the other harvest times, i.e., 12,292 Â± 4,687.89 crystals/cm2 . In contrast, CaOx crystal densities in the center parts of corms were not much different at three harvesting times. The density of druse and prism crystals was somewhat higher in the center part of corms than in the edge parts. In opposition to, the density of raphide and styloid crystals was fairly higher in the edge part of corms than it was in the center parts. However, only raphide crystal density found in the edge and center part of corms was significantly affected by harvest time from all these results.

Pertumbuhan Serta Hubungan Kerapatan Stomata Dan Berat Umbi Pada Amorphophallus muelleri Blume Dan Amorphophallus variabilis Blume Yasminatul Khoiroh; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 2, No 5 (2014)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, struktur dan kerapatan stomata daun A. muelleri dan A. variabilis yang benihnya berasal dari biji, serta hubungan kerapatan stomata daun dengan berat umbi yang dihasilkannya. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penanaman biji, pengukuran factor abiotik, pengukuran parameter pertumbuhan, pembuatan preparat daun, penghitungan kerapatan stomata, pemanenan umbi, serta analisis data. Setelah biji dikecambahkan, kemudian pengamatan dilakukan pada umur 10, 14, dan 18 minggu setiap umur panen. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah diameter petiol, tinggi tanaman, lebar tajuk, luas daun, berat basah dan kering umbi, serta diameter umbi. Data dianalisis dengan bantuan SPSS 16.0 for windows. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan A. variabilis lebih cepat dibandingkan A. muelleri. Struktur stomata dua spesies ini adalah sel penutup dikelilingi oleh 4 sel tetangga. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson signifikansi < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan stomata tidak berkorelasi dengan berat basah maupun berat kering umbi, begitu pula dengan luas daun tidak berkorelasi dengan berat basah maupun berat kering umbi. Luas daun hanya berkorelasi dengan tinggi tanaman. Kata kunci: A. muelleri, A. variabilis, berat umbi, stomata.

PENGARUH PERIODE TUMBUH DAN BAGIAN UMBI BERBEDA TERHADAP KERAPATAN KRISTAL KALSIUM OKSALAT (CaOx) DAN JENIS KRISTAL DRUSE DAN RAFIDA PADA UMBI TANAMAN PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Savitri Nurlaila; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 1, No 6 (2013)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK Porang (Amorphopllus muelleri Blume) merupakan anggota famili Araceae, mengandung kristal kalsium oksalat (CaOx , dan memiliki beberapa periode tumbuh. Periode tumbuh berbeda diduga berpengaruh terhadap kerapatan kristal CaOx. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh periode tumbuh dan bagian umbi berbeda (tepi dan tengah) terhadap kerapatan kristal CaOx, kristal rafida, dan kristal druse. Sampel umbi diperoleh dari Madiun sebanyak tiga umbi. Masing-masing umbi berfungsi sebagai ulangan. Dari masing-masing umbi dibuat irisan setipis mungkin di bagian tepi dan tengah masing-masing sebanyak 3 keping dan dijernihkan menggunakan metode Ilarsan yang telah dimodifikasi. Irisan yang sudah jernih dibuat preparat dan diamati di bawah mikroskop pada perbesaran 100X. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 16 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode tumbuh tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan kristal CaOx dan jenis kristal druse dan rafida. Sebaliknya, bagian umbi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan kristal CaOx dan jenis kristal druse dan rafida. Umbi bagian tengah menghasilkan kerapatan kristal lebih tinggi dibandingkan tepi. Kata kunci : kristal CaOx, Periode tumbuh, Porang (A. muelleri Blume). ABSTRAC A. muelleri Blume is a member of family Araceae,contains calcium oxalate crystals, andhassome growth period. Different of growth period was proposed to influence density of CaOx crystals. The aim of this research wasto know density of calcium oxalate crystals under different growth period and tuber part (edge and center). The three-tuber sample were obtained from Madiun. Each tuber has function as replicate. From edge and center part of each tuber was sliced as thin as possible at least three slicesand cleared according to Ilarsan modified method. The cleared slice was processed as slide for microscopy observation. Counting density of crystal were conducted under microscope with 100x magnification.The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 16 for windows. The result showed that growth period was not significantly influence density of crystal and druse and raphid crystals. The part of tuber, however, was significantly influence density of crystal and druse and raphid crystals which center tuber gave higher density than edge part of tuber. Key word : A. muelleri Blume, calcium oxalate crystals, growth period.

Genetic Diversity Study Among Six Genera of Amaranth Family Found in Malang Based on RAPD Marker Arik Arubil Fatinah; Estri Laras Arumingtyas; Retno Mastuti
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Genera of amaranth family tend to have phenotypic variation partly caused by environmental factor. Phenotypic variation was the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors. One of molecular markers that is widely used for detecting genetic variation is RAPD. RAPD is used for polymorphism detections and is now possible for identifiying a large number of loci and ascribes unambiguous taxonomic and genetic relationships among different taxa. Members of amaranth family found in Indonesia are Amaranthus, Celosia, Aerva, Alternanthera, Achyranthes, Gomphrena, Salsola, and Iresine. Six genera of which (Amaranthus, Celosia, Aerva, Alternanthera, Achyranthes, and Gomphrena) were observed in this study. DNA was extracted from fresh young leaves using Doyle and Doyles method with modification in the extraction buffer used. RAPD analyses were carried out with 20 decamer primers from Kit A of Operon Technology. DNA was amplified using master cycler gradient Eppendorf with 35 cycles. RAPD products were separated on 1,5 % agarose gels and detected by staining with ethidium bromide. There were 374 bands generated in 18 random primers. The number of monomorphic bands, polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphism were 21 bands, 353 bands, and 94,38 % respectively. The high number and percentage of polymorphic bands revealed genomic DNA variation. This variation is in accordance with phenotypic variation detected in this experiment. Therefore, it can be concluded that, based on DNA polymorphism detected by RAPD, Amaranth family can be classified into two sub families namely Amaranthoideae and Gomphrenoideae.

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