Anna Meiliana
Department Of Pharmacology And Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363

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MicroRNAs in Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v6i1.39

Abstract

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are mediators of post-transcriptional gene expression that likely regulate most biological pathways and networks. The study of miRNAs is a rapidly emerging field; recent findings have revealed a significant role for miRNAs in atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism.CONTENT: Results from recent studies demonstrated a role for miRNAs in endothelial integrity, macrophage inflammatory response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and cholesterol synthesis. These mechanisms are all vital to the initiation and proliferation of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The importance of miRNAs has recently been recognized in cardiovascular sciences and miRNAs will likely become an integral part of our fundamental comprehension of atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. The extensive impact of miRNA mediated gene regulation and the relative ease of in vivo applicable modifications highlight the enormous potential of miRNA-based therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.SUMMARY: miRNA studies in the field of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis are in their infancy, and thus there is tremendous opportunity for discovery in this understudied area. The ability to target miRNAs in vivo through delivery of miRNA-mimics to enhance miRNA function, or antimiRNAs which inhibit miRNAs, has opened new avenues for the development of therapeutics for dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis, offers a unique approach to treating disease by modulating entire biological pathways. These exciting findings support the development of miRNA antagonists as potential therapeutics for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and related metabolic diseases.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, lipoprotein, HDL, miRNA
Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics in Cancer Risk Assesment Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v5i2.198

Abstract

Compared to the normal tissues, cancer cells tend to have higher proliferation rate and often lost their ability to undergo apoptosis. In addition, cancer cells can separate themselves from their original tissue thus causing metastasis in other part of body. While undergoing program cell death, disordered cellular programming can happen. The main causes of this cellular programming anomaly are epigenetic and genetic alterations, which have been known as two separate mechanisms in carcinogenetic. A recent outcome of whole exome sequencing of thousands of human cancers has been the unexpected discovery of many inactivating mutations in genes that control the epigenome. These mutations have the potential to disturb the DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and nucleosome positioning, hence, the causing gene expression alternation. Genetic alteration of the epigenome therefore contributes to cancer just as epigenetic process can cause point mutations and disable DNA repair functions. Epigenetic mechanisms changes could cause genetic mutations, and genetic mutations in epigenetic regulators could cause epigenome changes. Knowing that epigenome play a major role in the hierarchy of gene control mechanisms suggests that mutations might have impact on multiple pathways related to cancer phenotype. This pinpoint the fact that recently, the way the genes are organized and controlled are suggested to be a relevant factor for human carcinogenesis.Keywords: cancer genetic, cancer epigenetic, oncogens, tumor suppressor genes, driver mutation, passenger mutation
Update on Obesity: Induced Inflammation to Cause Cardiometabolic Diseases Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i2.1937

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Obesity incidence has risen dramatically during the last 50 years, reaching epidemic proportions. Obesity's growing prevalence, as well as its numerous metabolic and cardiovascular problems, poses a danger to human health and lifespan across the world.CONTENT: Numerous studies have shown that obesity causes inflammation, and suggest that inflammation may have a causal role in the development of insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis disturbance. Obesity-induced inflammation is different from other inflammatory models because it includes tonic activation of the innate immune system, which has a long-term influence on metabolic balance. Inflammation can cause tissue damage by causing maladaptive responses such as fibrosis and necrosis. Obesity-induced inflammation is unique since it affects a variety of organs, including the adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. These characteristics of obesity-induced inflammation make it difficult to decipher the underlying processes and how they affect metabolic systems.SUMMARY: The disruption of energy homeostasis caused by a positive energy balance is most likely the first trigger of metabolic inflammation, and the initial adaptive response aim to relieve the anabolic pressure caused by obesity. However, over time, this adaptive reaction becomes maladaptive, and the persistence of inflammation shows that the initial response has failed. The inflammation affects so many organ systems during obesity, and to develop novel treatment methods, a greater knowledge of the process was needed.KEYWORDS: obesity, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, heart failure
Targeting Metastatic Cancer: Disseminated Tumor Cells and Premetastatic Niches Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 4 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i4.2035

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metastases are simply known as cancers spread to another part of the body, and often be responsible for the severity of cancer prognosis. Somehow, the complex mechanisms of metastases are not fully understood yet.CONTENT: The characteristic of cancer is akin to a never-healing wound. Cancer cells are plastic and dynamic as they build their niches and developed into metastases, even when they seem dormant. Therefore, cancer cells can survive the immune system. Recent research has shown the distinct biology of metastasis-initiating cell, which leads to tumor development in distant organs, immune surveillance evasion, and co-option of metastatic micro-environments. Effective cancer therapies must consider the regenerative states of metastatic malignancies and have careful observation of patient phenotypes.SUMMARY: This review aimed to provide an insight on genesis and characteristics of metastases, starting from its seeding and dormancy, until the advance phase. Thus, developing therapy for cancer metastases should not start as it grows, but even as earlier strategies since the primary tumor was detected.KEYWORDS: cancer metastasis, DTC, CTC, CSC, dormancy, pre-metastatic niche, plasticity
The Importance of Metabolites in Modulating Insulin Sensitivity Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i3.1872

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolism impairment in obese condition usually initially triggered by inflammation and insulin signaling impairment. The involvement of metabolites, including lipids, amino acids, and ketone bodies, in altering insulin sensitivity has been revealed after massive data sets were provided by the studies regarding metabolomics and lipidomics.CONTENT: Metabolites were now understood to serve more than just the metabolism products, but also as active signaling molecules including in insulin and immunological actions. Different lipid metabolites can serve as signaling molecules to induce insulin resistance of sensitivity through a similar pathway, and impact on the inflammation status. Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) and many amino acids have been correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin impairment. Ketogenic diet, supplementation and microbiota transplantation become the current strategies to set a preferable metabolites composition to modulate insulin sensitivity.SUMMARY: Thousands of metabolites can now be measured using technical and bioinformatics developments. Different types of amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids are being studied in relation to altered metabolic states, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A thorough knowledge of the metabolic changes that contribute to insulin resistance might lead to the discovery of new targets for enhancing insulin sensitivity and preventing and treating many metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: metabolites, insulin resistance, lipids, amino acids, ketone bodies
Combining Epigenetic and Immunotherapy in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2062

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy, particularly the idea of immune checkpoint blockage is currently draw much attention in cancer treatment. It has been approved as an adjuvant, however, it cannot be a single cancer treatment.CONTENT: The discovery of the basic ligand-receptor interactions between immune and cancer cells inside the tumor microenvironment has led to the current interest in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibition. Different ligands produced by cancer cells interact with immune cells' surface receptors, activating inhibitory pathways, such programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that cause immune cells to become immunologically tolerant. On the other side, epigenetic modulators also play a critical role in enhancing the tumor microenvironment and regaining immunological recognition and immunogenicity. Some findings showed that such immune suppression can be reversed through various mechanisms involving antigens pathways, immune genetic, and epigenetic pathways. These findings have created a very encouraging foundation for research on the combination of epigenetic and immunotherapeutic drugs as cancer treatments.SUMMARY: The effectiveness of this suggested paradigm can only be demonstrated by clinical studies. Epigenetic treatment might replace immune checkpoint therapy as a powerful new cancer care technique that is generally well tolerated and should be proven with adequate clinical trials.KEYWORDS: epigenetics, immunotherapy, PTM, DNMT, HDAC, immune check point
Resolution to Inflammation: Its Role in Reducing Fibrosis and Tissue Repair Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i2.2181

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many chronic disorders, including vascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and neurological diseases, are known to share a common factor of excessive inflammation. It takes a lot of energy to heal damaged tissue, which is a complicated process. The outcome is often suboptimal, with some degree of fibrosis, depending on the tissue's ability to regenerate and the strength of the inflammatory response. We may get new insights into disease causation and therapeutic strategies by better understanding endogenous regulatory points within the inflammatory response.CONTENT: Despite of the benefit in raising an inflammatory response, it also have unfavourable effects. Unresolved inflammation can over accumulate collagenous connective tissue and induce fibrosis, promote tissue dysfunction, and finally organ failure. Currently, the resolution of inflammation was described in terms of contemporary molecules as a different mechanisms from anti-inflammatory, since in resolution, the pathogen and apoptotic cells crumbs will be cleared and the macrophages will set back the tissue homeostasis. An active transition in the mediators that predominate in exudates occurs in conjunction with the remission of inflammation. These groups of inborn pro-resolution named resolvins, maresins, and protectins work to reduce inflammation by triggering certain pathways that support homeostasis rather than by suppressing the immune system.SUMMARY: The resolution of inflammation, once believed to be a passive process, is now understood to entail active biochemical programs that allow inflamed tissues to regain equilibrium. In this review, we spotlight the resolution to inflammation as a strategy to prevent tissue fibrosis and hinder the organ damage.KEYWORDS: inflammation, resolution, fibrosis, wound healing, specialized pro-resolving mediators
The Changing Face of Atherosclerosis Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2347

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Statins have been used for around three decades as the primary way to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, but in some groups, statin resistance is common, and the danger of atherosclerosis is still high.CONTENT: Atherosclerosis was once believed to be caused by cholesterol and thrombotic material passively accumulating in the walls of arteries. However, current knowledge shows that the immune cells and inflammatory processes are essential in the formation, progression, and consequences of atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by a persistent inflammatory response, including thrombotic complications. Study of genetic, creating risk score for atherosclerosis, add more information to create more new therapies targeting low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor, and shows prospect.SUMMARY: Over time, atherosclerosis theories and treatment strategies have changed. While statins were widely used, they have now been supplanted by alternative options like the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PSCK9) inhibitor that manage atherosclerosis more effectively and comprehensive.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, cholesterol, inflammation, immune system, metabolism
Resveratrol: The Multifaceted Roles and Mechanisms of Polyphenol to Improve Longevity, Immunomodulation, and Age-related Diseases Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i2.3486

Abstract

High in polyphenols diet has been known to protect human against chronic metabolic diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol that presents in fruits, vegetables, and nuts. The polyphenols content of RSV possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties by influencing the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), p53, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathways, enzymatic antioxidants expressions, and the levels of microRNAs. Therefore, this review article will focus on the potential of RSV in improving aging and metabolic diseases, which mostly induced by low-chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. RSV is also known as calorie restriction (CR)-mimetics to activate sirtuins family which improve mitochondrial function, repair DNA and genomic stability and reduce inflammation thus become a promising substance to extend health span and longevity. RSV can be useful as a supplement to prevent aging-related diseases, with a dose range between 250–1,000 mg depending on the intended health benefit and individual factors. More clinical data is needed to determine the impact of RSV metabolites and the relationship between dose, concentration, and effect, particularly in the context of chronic illness.KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, exosome, cancer therapy, drug delivery
Lifestyle Modifications and Nutraceutical Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i3.3412

Abstract

Abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia are metabolic risk factors that are grouped together to define metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is now widely recognized that MetS is linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Overall, the pathophysiology of MetS initiated by the imbalance of nutrition intake and physical activity. It involves a complex interplay of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, dysregulated adipocyte function, and genetic susceptibility, all of which contribute to the metabolic dysfunction. Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in managing and preventing MetS. Key strategies include adopting a balanced diet like Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), or caloric restriction (CR), engaging in regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Nutraceuticals, including polyphenols and CR-mimetic agents, improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting autophagy. In addition to lifestyle changes, drug therapy may be necessary for some individuals to manage specific risk factors, such as diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers for hypertension; biguanides, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones for hyperglycemia; and statins for dyslipidemia. Early diagnosis, including waist circumference and blood pressure measurement, serum cholesterol and glucose testing, and intervention, is essential to effectively manage MetS and prevent the progression of associated diseases. In conclusion, understanding the risk factors and associated risks of MetS, along with the implementation of lifestyle modifications such as dietary and nutraceutical interventions including polyphenols and CR-mimetic agents, is vital for reducing the burden of this syndrome. Early diagnosis and proactive management are key to improving long-term health outcomes.KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, diet, nutraceuticals