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Journal : ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering

Extraction of Flavonoids from Merremia mammosa Using Ethanol Solvent in a Fixed-Bed Column Panut Mulyono; Alfita Sofia Yuzki; Maulid Diana Sari; Nur Rofiqoh Eviana Putri
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 22, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.70012

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the best operating condition for the extraction process of flavonoids from Merremia mammosa root by determining the mass transfer coefficient (Ke). The root was prepared by drying, crushing, and sieving into a homogeneous size and then extracted in a fixed-bed column using 70 wt% of ethanol as a solvent for 2 hours. The obtained samples were then analyzed every 30 min using high-performance liquid chromatography. The parameters investigated in this research were particle size of 1.275, 1.85, and 4.01 mm and solvent flow rate of 3, 6, and 9 mL/s. Based on the experimental data, the value of Ke was calculated using the Hooke-Jeeves numerical method of optimization. The results showed that the decrease in particle size and the increase in solvent flow rate could increase the Ke values, leading to the high concentration of flavonoids extracted using the solvent. The Ke values obtained in this research ranged from 0.3145 m/s to 0.7880 m/s. The empirical equation that shows the correlation between Ke and the parameters can be expressed as Sh = 1.10 × 1014 Re0.0564 (1 − ε)0.8718 with a relative error of 6.13% compared with the experimental data (Sh is the Sherwood number, Re is the Reynolds number, and ε is the porosity of the fixed-bed column).
Equilibrium Study on Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid with Tri-n – Butyl Phosphate in n - Hexane Panut Mulyono; Anita Pardah
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 12, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (812.139 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.49737

Abstract

Extraction of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solution using traditional solvents such as ketones, alcohols, ethers, and ester is inefficient because the distribution ratio is rather low. Reactive extraction which exploits reversible chemical complexation is an effective separation process for extraction of carboxylic acids from aqueous streams such as fermentation broths and wastewaters. In the extraction process, selection of the solvent is an important aspect to be considered. Considering its solubility in water, cost and availability, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) seems to be an attractive solvent for the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solution. The purpose of this experiment is to study the equilibrium of the reactive extraction of lactic acid in aqueous solution with TBP in n-hexane. The parameters studied in this experiment were initial concentration of lactic acid in the aqueous phase, TBP concentration in n-hexane phase, and the extraction temperature. The experiments at ambient temperature were carried out using a separatory funnel, while the experiments at other than ambient temperature were carried out using erlenmeyer flask and water bath shaker to adjust the temperature. In this experiment, the initial concentration of lactic acid was varied from 0.1 to 0.5 gmol/dm3. The range of initial TBP concentrations in n-hexane was 0.1 to 1.0 gmol/dm3 and the extraction temperature range was 283 to 313 K. The experimental results showed that the higher the initial concentration of lactic acid in aqueous solution, the higher the distribution ratio for a fixed TBP concentration and extraction temperature. For a fixed initial concentration of lactic acid in aqueous solution and extraction temperature, the distribution ratio of lactic acid is increased by increasing TBP concentration. The overall equilibrium constants (Kpq) for the experiments using TBP concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 gmol/dm3 at the extraction temperature of 293 K are calculated to be 0.0668 to 0.5144. Kpq for the experiments at the temperature ranging from 283 to 313 K at the initial concentration of lactic acid of 0.2 gmol/L are found to be 0.0122 to 0.8856. The Kpq as a function of temperature (T) in K can be expressed as ln Kpq = 10,596/T - 38.08 with sum of square of error of 0.14.
Equilibrium in the Reactive Extraction of Aqueous Phenol Using Tributyl Phospate in n-Hexane Panut Mulyono; Sofiyah Sofiyah; Ahmad Muhajir Kahuripan
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2245.018 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50085

Abstract

Phenol is a hazardous chemical which usually contained in the wastewater from some industries, such as oil refineries, coal processing, and plastics. Phenol is dangerous substance to a microorganism although in low concentration in wastewater. According to the United State Environmental Protection Agency, the maximum concentration of phenol in wastewater is 1 ppm. This requirement is lower than the concentration of phenol in normal wastewater discharged from industries that is 100 to 1000 ppm. Phenolic substances are very difficult to be destroyed by oxidation in the present of microorganism. Chemical oxidation of phenolic substance using ozone or combination between the ozone and UV irradiation is impossible to handle huge amount of wastewater due to the expensiveness of ozone production and also its low solubility in water. The prospective method to recover of phenol from wastewater is reactive extraction in which phenol makes a complex with the extractant. This research investigated the equilibrium of the reactive extraction of phenol from water using tributyl phosphate (TBP) in n-hexane. An equilibrium model has been developed in this research and the laboratory experiments have been carried out. The parameters of the laboratory experiment are the initial concentration of TBP in n-hexane, and the extraction temperature. The experimental results showed that the higher the TBP concentration in n-hexane, the higher the amount of phenol which can be extracted to the organic phase. The correlation between the distribution coefficients (Kc) with the ration of TBP concentration (CoTBP) to the initial TBP concentration (CoiTBP) in n-hexane can be formulated by Kc=11.59-12.002(CoTBP)/(CoiTBP) with the sum of square of error of 10.87%. The lower the extraction temperature, the higher the amount of phenol extracted to the organic phase. The correlation between the distribution coefficients with the temperature (T) can be approached by Kc=1505.45(1/T)-4.06 with the sum of square of error of 2.63%. The value of distribution coefficient of physical equilibrium (Kp) decreases with the increase of temperature, meanwhile the value of the equilibrium constant of solvation reaction (Kr) is increase with increasing the temperature. The expression of Kr as a function of temperature is Kr=-2.8636(1/T)+0.0133 with the sum of square of error of 0.04%.
CO2 Adsorption on HZSM-5 Zeolite : Mass Transport Study in A Packed Bed Adsorber Sang Kompiang Wirawan; Ihda Novia Indrajati; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Panut Mulyono; Derek Creaser
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 8, No 1 & 2 (2008)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (173.145 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50116

Abstract

Experimental and modeling have been done to study and to determine the diffusion parameters of CO2 adsorption on HZSM-5 zeolite in a packed­bed adsorber. Experiment works consisted of tracer and adsorption experiments. The feed gas concentrations were 40 and 80% CO2 in helium within various temperatures of 373, 423 and 473 K. The experiments were conducted by using transient step change adsorption. Tracer experiments using 20% Ar/He were conducted to measure dispersion and time lag effect of the packed bed system. A model of CO2 adsorption on HZSM­5 had been set up for transient packed­bed adsorber by assuming plug flow, isothermal and isobaric, single site Langmuir physisorption, no gas film mass transport resistance and Maxwell­Stefan mass transport in micropore applied. All the data were then optimized to get the best value of modified fitted parameter. The results indicated that at higher temperature, the quantities of gas adsorbed were decrease. This was due to lower adsorption capacity which occurs at higher temperature. The model was in a good agreement with the experiment data. Diffusivity tended to increase by increasing temperatures.
Effect of Surfactant on Single Drop Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Panut Mulyono; Setia Muliati
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (117.502 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50122

Abstract

Liquid-liquid mass transfer coefficients for single freely rising drops in the presence of surfactant in an extraction column have been investigated using the system of kerosene-acetic acid-water. The surfactant used in this study was alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS). The experiments were carried out by bubbling kerosene-acetic acid solution as a series of single drops from the bottom of a column containing water-ABS solution. The column used in this experiment was made from glass of 36 mm inside diameter and constructed of 60, 120, and 180 cm height. The effects of surfactant concentration, column height, and drop diameter on the overall mass transfer coefficient have been studied. The data can all be correlated by Shd = 2.08 x10−5 Red 4.01 We −1.97 (dd / H ) 0.68 with an average deviation of 17.72%. This equation is valid for the ranges of Red from 186.68 to 402.19, We from 0.80 to 3.33, and dd/H from 0.0028 to 0.0105.