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The Effect of Gendarussin a Isolates of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. Leaf in Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition of HIV Type I In Vitro E. W., Bambang Prajogo; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Aksono, Bimo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol 5, No 5 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease

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Screening has been done to a few extracts from the leaves Justicia gendarussa Burm.f to see the growth rate of the virus fromÂ the blood plasma of HIV patients at Dr Soetomo Hospital. It is known that J. gendarussa leaf extract inhibits HIV type 1 reverseÂ transcriptase. In addition, its main content is gendarussin A, besides gendarussin B, JGF1, JGF2 and JGF3, which have just identified.Â At the beginning, extraction and fractionation were performed with 3 models that highlight the absolute methanol, 70% methanol andÂ 70% ethanol with the release of alkaloids. Furthermore, samples of each fraction were incubated in plasma of HIV patients with aÂ titer of 3.6 10^6Â copies for 1 h in concentrations of 1.64 ppm, 4.1 ppm, 8.2 ppm, 16.4 ppm and 41.0 ppm. After incubation, examinationÂ was performed by using Nucli sens a machine, which is a combination of PCR and Elisa, thus avoiding direct contact with the highlyÂ pathogenic virus. The result showed that the activity sequence from the most potential to the weak, among others, was 1.64 ppm >4.1 ppm > 8.2 ppm > 16.4 ppm > 41.0 ppm, each with barriers value of 0.62 10^6, 1.4 10^6,Â 1.6 10^6, 2.4 10Â cells/ml. InÂ conclusion, highest anti-HIV activity comes from the concentration of gendarussin A isolate at 1.64 ppm. Furthermore, after linearregression of y = -3.063 x + 81.37 was done, the IC50Â of 10.24 ppm was obtained.

EFFECT OF FREE ALKALOID AND NON-FREE ALKALOID ETHANOL 70% EXTRACT OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM F. LEAVES AGAINST REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE HIV ENZYME IN VITRO AND CHEMICAL COMPOUND ANALYSIS Prajogo, Bambang; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Riza, Hafrizal
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol 5, No 7 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v5i7.1203

HIV-AIDS is a global problem and the deadliest disease in the world. One of HIV and AIDS prevention strategy can be done with traditional medicine research program from natural resource that has anti-HIV AIDS activity. It has been found that 70% ethanol extract of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f leaves, alkaloid free and alkaloid non-free, has a strong inhibitory activity against HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, as an effort to find a solution in the face of HIV AIDS prevalence that is still high with problem of HIV-AIDS treatment such as side effects and resistances. Justicia gendarussa had already known for having an effect anti-HIV and therefore we were looking at the mechanism of inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase enzyme. Both types of extracts were tested in vitro using ELISA technique and analysed chemical content of Gendarusin A as anti-HIV using high performance liquid chromatography. ELISA test results obtained percent inhibition, respectively for 254.2, 254.2, 235.6, and 279.7 for the concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm of free alkaloid extract and 169.0, 164.0, 130.5 and 369.5 for the concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm of non-free-alkaloid extract. The results of high performance liquid chromatography obtained Gendarusin A in the free-alkaloid extract at retention time 8.402 minutes and non-free alkaloid extract at retention time 8.381. Therefore, these results concluded that the Justicia gendarussa Burm.f can be a useful resource for the isolation and development of new anti-HIV.

CYTOTOXICITY OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM F. LEAF EXTRACTS ON MOLT-4 CELL Widiyanti, Prihartini; Prajogo, Bambang; Hikmawati, Ni Putu Ermi
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol 5, No 7 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v5i7.1207

Justicia gendarussa Burm f. (Acanthaceae) is known for its activity as a male contraceptive and anti-HIV properties. The present study was designed to evaluate extracts of J. gendarussa for cytotoxicity activity against MOLT-4 cells. The cytotoxic activity of the fractionated-extract and 70% ethanol extracts of J. gendarussa leaves on MOLT-4 cells were evaluated using a WST-1 assay. The treatment cells, control cells without treatment and control media were also tested in duplicate. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm using a microplate absorbance reader (Bio-Rad). The average absorbance measures formazan produced by viable cells that metabolize the WST-1 reagent. Then the data was analyzed with regression analysis Microsoft Excel 2007 program to determine the concentration with 50% cell viability (50% Cytotoxicity Concentration, CC50). The CC50 values of the fractionated-extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves were 94 Î¼g/ml and 78 Î¼g/ml, respectively. The cytotoxicity of fractionated-extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves were not significantly different (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the fractionated-extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves are not toxic to MOLT-4 cells.

ANALISIS KADAR GENDARUSIN A PADA TANAMAN BUDIDAYA Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. E.W, Bambang Prajogo; S, Dudy; HS, Mulja
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 3, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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As an effort to provide raw material for male contraceptive phytoprmaca, an agricultural experiment had been done to revealed the influence of fertilizer on gendarucin A content in the leaves extract of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. The fertilizers used were animal manure, humus, and inorganic fertilizer. The leaves were harvested at 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 months after planting. The leaves were extracted with n-hexane and ethanol 60%, and then gendarucin A content was assayed using HPLC. Results showed that the highest gendarucin A content was found in the leaves which were harvested at 9 months of age. Fertilizers gave negative influence, i.e. plants grew without fertilizer gave the highest gendarucin A content (4,9761 % w/w), followed by plants which used animal manure (2,6010 % w/w, humus (2,5058 % ww), and the least was plants with inorganic fertilizer (2,2093 % w/w). ABSTRAK Sebagai upaya penyediaan bahan baku untuk fitofarmaka kontrasepsi pria dari daun Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. maka telah dilakukan percobaan budidaya dengan berbagai macam pupuk yang berbeda. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kadar senyawa aktif gendarusin A pada berbagai kondisi sebelum dilakukan penanaman masal. Adapun media tanam terdiri dari empat sampel antara lain : pupuk kandang, pupuk humus, pupuk anorganik dan sampel tanpa pupuk. Panen daun masing-masing dilakukan pada usia tanam 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9 bulan. Selanjutnya pada simplisia daun tersebut dilakukan ekstraksi bertingkat dengan n- heksana dan etanol 60% Dari ekstrak etanol 60% daun J.gendarussa dilakukan penetapan kadar gendarusin A dengan menggunakan metode HPLC. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kadar gendarusin A tertinggi diperoleh dari panen daun gendarussa pada usia 9 bulan. Urutan kadar Gendarusin A dari yang terbesar sampai yang terkecil adalah sampel tanpa pupuk, sampel dengan pupuk kandang, sampel denganpupuk humus, dan yang terkecil adalah sampel dengan pupuk anorganik. Besarnya kadar gendarusin A dalam daun yang dipanen pada usia 9 bulan untuk masing-masing sampel adalah :, (1) sampel dengan pupuk kandang = 2,6010 %b/b, (2) sampel dengan pupuk humus = 2,5058 %b/b, (3) sampel dengan pupuk anorganik = 2,2093 %b/b, (4) sampel tanpa pupuk = 4,9761 % b/b.

ANALISIS KADAR GENDARUSIN A PADA TANAMAN BUDIDAYA Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. E.W, Bambang Prajogo; S, Dudy; HS, Mulja
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 3, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v3i4.88

As an effort to provide raw material for male contraceptive phytoprmaca, an agricultural experiment had been done to revealed the influence of fertilizer on gendarucin A content in the leaves extract of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. The fertilizers used were animal manure, humus, and inorganic fertilizer. The leaves were harvested at 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 months after planting. The leaves were extracted with n-hexane and ethanol 60%, and then gendarucin A content was assayed using HPLC. Results showed that the highest gendarucin A content was found in the leaves which were harvested at 9 months of age. Fertilizers gave negative influence, i.e. plants grew without fertilizer gave the highest gendarucin A content (4,9761 % w/w), followed by plants which used animal manure (2,6010 % w/w, humus (2,5058 % ww), and the least was plants with inorganic fertilizer (2,2093 % w/w). ABSTRAK Sebagai upaya penyediaan bahan baku untuk fitofarmaka kontrasepsi pria dari daun Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. maka telah dilakukan percobaan budidaya dengan berbagai macam pupuk yang berbeda. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kadar senyawa aktif gendarusin A pada berbagai kondisi sebelum dilakukan penanaman masal. Adapun media tanam terdiri dari empat sampel antara lain : pupuk kandang, pupuk humus, pupuk anorganik dan sampel tanpa pupuk. Panen daun masing-masing dilakukan pada usia tanam 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9 bulan. Selanjutnya pada simplisia daun tersebut dilakukan ekstraksi bertingkat dengan n- heksana dan etanol 60% Dari ekstrak etanol 60% daun J.gendarussa dilakukan penetapan kadar gendarusin A dengan menggunakan metode HPLC. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kadar gendarusin A tertinggi diperoleh dari panen daun gendarussa pada usia 9 bulan. Urutan kadar Gendarusin A dari yang terbesar sampai yang terkecil adalah sampel tanpa pupuk, sampel dengan pupuk kandang, sampel denganpupuk humus, dan yang terkecil adalah sampel dengan pupuk anorganik. Besarnya kadar gendarusin A dalam daun yang dipanen pada usia 9 bulan untuk masing-masing sampel adalah :, (1) sampel dengan pupuk kandang = 2,6010 %b/b, (2) sampel dengan pupuk humus = 2,5058 %b/b, (3) sampel dengan pupuk anorganik = 2,2093 %b/b, (4) sampel tanpa pupuk = 4,9761 % b/b.

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of 70% Ethanol Extract of Gendarusa Leaves In Vivo Luthfiatu Kanina; Mabluhatus Solehah; Hani Plumeriastuti; Retno Widyowati; Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i12022.39-47

Background: Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., has been used traditionally in Indonesia for antifertility. Nowadays, a capsule containing 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves has been studied for safety. Objective: This study aimed to determine the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves in vivo. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 2,000"‰mg/Kg BW was orally administered to mice (n = 10), which were monitored for 24"‰days. For the subchronic toxicity study, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). The control group received distilled water, while the treatment groups received a repeated dose of 40, 200, and 1,000 mg/Kg BW orally for 90 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical evaluations. Gross pathology and histopathology of liver and kidneys were assessed. Results: No mortality and non-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were observed in the acute toxicity study. The hematological analysis did not show significant differences in the subchronic toxicity study. The SPGT, SGOT, and creatinine values showed no change in groups 2 and 4, but the level of SGPT increased in groups 3. The increasing level of BUN was observed in all treated groups. Abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver and kidney in groups 3 and 4. Conclusions: Using 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves at a therapeutic dose is safer, but it needs attention at a higher dose.

Ethnomedicine Study on Justicia gendarussa for Male Contraception at the Nimboran Ethnic, Jayapura Niluh Indrawati; Retno Widyowati; Pilipus Kopeuw; Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i12022.55-61

Background: Justicia gendarussa from Papua has traditionally been used for the treatment of several diseases, and phytochemical studies have been carried out since 1987. Objective: This study aimed to determine the use of this plant as a male contraceptive that the Nimboran Ethnic and their perspectives have long used. Method: A qualitative method with an ethnographic approach was used, while data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Result: The results showed that 44% of people use it to delay pregnancy, 24% due to young marriage with poor economic conditions, 14% after moving to another place 12% because of tribal wars over fertile land to multiply offspring. The preparation and usage of this plant through the collection, mixing, and manufacturing method and in terms of dosage, time, and duration of use were explored more deeply by conducting interviews with 50 informants. The effectiveness and success as a method of contraception are presented in the way the community has known the plant over different generations, and this method is still used as an alternative option considering the very wide area profile from one place to another. Conclusion: Justicia gendarussa is used by the Nimboran Ethnic group as an ingredient in traditional medicines, especially for male contraception.

AIR GANDARUSA (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) DAN GAMBARAN GEN HYALURONIDASE LEWAT ANALISIS PCR Sri Lestari Utami; Didik P. Restanto; Bambang Prajogo EW
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 19, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v19i2.1059

Gandarusa (J. gendarussa Burm. f.) is an etnomedicine which is used as a male contraceptive alternative, known to inhibit the enzymefunction of spermatozoa hyaluronidase during fertilization. One of the ideal contraceptive conditions is the safetyness (among others nonmutagenic), requiring a long research during the verification process. The early research is the gene expression of hyaluronidase mice(M.musculus L.) testis given water fraction of the gandarusa with PCR analysis. The total RNA was isolated from the normal mice testis(as the negative control or no treatment group) and the mice testis from the treatment groups. The treatment groups consisted of group Iand II treated with water fraction of the gandarusa 15 mg/20 gr BW and 7.5 mg/20 gr BW, subsequently, the positive control group wasalso given hesperidins 1 mg/20 gr BW once a day per oral during the 1.5 times of spermatogenesis cycle (for 55 days). The results of thestudy showed that (1) the cDNA fragment confirmed as the gene of hyaluronidase mice testis (with 710 bp length of nucleotide) passedthrough RT-PCR at the total RNA negative control group, sequenced, isolated and alignment in the NCBI gene bank. (2) the same cDNAfragment gene of hyaluronidase mice testis (from the negative control group) did not transcript in the treatment I and positive controlgroups (where there is no band), but this gene will be transcripted in the treatment II group (where the band is emerged).

The Benefit of Society for Antibiotic Growth Factors Using Probiotics and In Vitro Leaf Extracts Balgis Al Basyarahil; Mohammad Anam Al Arif; Bambang Prajogo E.W
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i2.4906

The increasing demand for chicken meat resulted in increased chicken production. To determine the bland power of probiotic antibacterial activity (B. subtilis and L. acidophilus) against E. coli growth through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterisidal Concentration (MBC), to determine the bland force of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract E. scaber linn against E. coli growth through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterisidal Concentration (MBC) and to identify the activity of probiotics and ethanol extract E. scabber Linn as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. This study is an experimental descriptive study. The dried samples of tapak liman (Elephantophus scaber L.) leaves were weighed as much as 700 grams and put into a maceration container. Simplicia was macerated using 2 types of solvents, namely 75% ethanol and 96% ethanol, so that 2 types of ethanol extract were obtained. Based on the results of disk diffusion and optical density tests analyzed with statistical testing. For data from the results of the disk diffusion method analyzed with One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Post-Hock, data from the analysis with dilution methods were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney, while MBC dinalysis results were descriptive. Research results: Apart from green tea and reeds, other plants such as tapak liman also have antibacterial activity. The combination of tread liman with chloramphenicol against E. coli has additive value. Previous tests used extracts from tapak liman which were still in the form of crude extracts, namely alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and quinones that would interact with antibiotics that have antibacterial activity (Dwary et al., 2020), because E.scaber contains compounds flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. According to the results of the study, the results of the MIC showed 10% for Gynura Procumbens leaf extract, and 30% for E. scaber leaves. The results of the LDH study showed that there was an inhibition of 96% ethanol extract of G. procumbens and E. scaber leaves on the growth of S. thypi bacteria with the inhibitory power in the weak category. For G. procumbens leaf extract the highest LDH was 4.5 mm at 30% concentration and the highest LDH for E. scaber leaf extract was 4.3 mm at 50% extract concentration

Data Fusion of UV-Vis and FTIR Spectra Combined with Principal Component Analysis for Distinguishing of Andrographis paniculata Extracts Based on Cultivation Ages and Solvent Extraction Antonio Kautsar; Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Utami Dyah Syafitri; Syifa Muflihah; Nursifa Mawadah; Eti Rohaeti; Zulhan Arif; Bambang Prajogo; Muhammad Bachri Amran; Abdul Rohman; Mohamad Rafi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.60321

Andrographis paniculata is one of the medicinal plants used for the treatment of antidiabetic. Cultivation ages and solvent extraction affected metabolites' composition and concentration that directly cause the plant's efficacies. This research aimed to distinguish A. paniculata based on cultivation ages and solvent extraction using data fusion of UV-Vis and FTIR spectra combined with principal component analysis (PCA). A. paniculata with 2, 3, and 4 months post-planting were extracted by water, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and ethanol. In each extract, we measured UV-Vis and FTIR spectra. Then, we used the data fusion from both spectra. We used UV-Vis and FTIR absorbance from 200–400 nm and 1800–400 cm–1, respectively. Each extract gives a similar pattern of UV-Vis and FTIR spectra, only differ in their intensities. PCA score plot in two and three-dimensional showed A. paniculata extracts could be distinguished based on cultivation ages and solvent extraction with a total variance of 86 and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, this study confirms the data fusion of UV-Vis and FTIR spectra could distinguished A. paniculata extracts combined with chemometrics based on cultivation ages and solvent extraction.

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