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Journal : bulletin of intelligent machines and algorithms

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Indonesian Twitter Sentiment Classification on the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail Project Muhammad Noerhadi; Budiman; Sardjono
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): BIMA November 2025 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i1.3

Abstract

The rapid growth of social media in Indonesia has opened up new opportunities to gauge public opinion on major national initiatives. One of the most controversial projects is the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Railway (KCJB), which has sparked mixed responses due to its financial, environmental, and socio-political implications. To meet the need for systematic analysis, this study applies sentiment analysis to Indonesian Twitter data to evaluate public perspectives on the KCJB project. This research uses a step-by-step methodology, including data collection via the Twitter API, text preprocessing, manual tagging into positive and negative sentiments, and feature extraction using the Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) method. Four machine learning algorithms—Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Random Forest—were trained and verified on stratified data splits, with performance evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Area Under the Curve (AUC). The results show that SVM consistently outperforms other models, achieving up to 73% accuracy with balanced precision and recall, as well as the highest AUC value. These findings confirm the robustness of SVM in handling high-dimensional Indonesian text. In addition to its academic contribution to sentiment analysis in languages with limited resources, this research offers practical implications by providing data-driven insights for policymakers and businesses for real-time monitoring, strategic communication, and informed decision-making.
An LSTM-Based Approach for Short-Term Solar Power Forecasting with Diurnal and Intra-Day Variability Darsiti Darsiti; Tarsinah Sumarni; Fahmi Abdullah; Budiman
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): BIMA January 2026 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i2.7

Abstract

The increasing penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into modern power grids demands accurate, reliable short-term power forecasting to ensure operational stability and efficient energy management. However, solar power generation exhibits strong nonlinearity, non-stationarity, and pronounced temporal dependencies, driven by diurnal cycles and rapid environmental variations, which pose significant challenges for conventional forecasting approaches. This study aims to develop an efficient Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based framework for short-term DC power prediction that effectively captures the temporal dynamics of solar power generation while maintaining low computational complexity. The proposed approach utilizes historical power and operational data collected from two utility-scale solar PV plants in India. A comprehensive time-series preprocessing pipeline is applied, including temporal feature extraction, categorical transformation, and Min–Max normalization. Multiple LSTM architectures with varying numbers of hidden units are systematically evaluated to identify an optimal balance between model complexity and predictive performance. Model training is conducted using the Adam optimizer with exponential learning rate decay and early stopping to prevent overfitting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LSTM model with a 25–50 unit configuration achieves the best performance, yielding a test Mean Squared Error of 51.92 and a prediction error of only 0.36%. Visual and quantitative analyses confirm that the model accurately reconstructs diurnal patterns and intra-day fluctuations, with strong generalization capability on unseen data. The findings indicate that a carefully configured LSTM can deliver high forecasting accuracy without relying on complex hybrid architectures or additional weather data, making it suitable for practical solar energy management applications.
Machine Learning Based Cervical Cancer Risk Prediction with SHAP-Driven Feature Interpretation Fachrizal Ardiansyah; Raka Deny Abdi Putra; Budiman
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): BIMA March 2026 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i3.16

Abstract

Cervical cancer remains a critical public health problem, particularly in developing countries where early detection is often limited. This study presents a machine learning–based approach for cervical cancer risk prediction that emphasizes both predictive accuracy and interpretability. Several supervised algorithms, namely K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost, were evaluated using the Cervical Cancer (Risk Factors) dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository following comprehensive data preprocessing and systematic hyperparameter optimization. The experimental results show that CatBoost achieved the best overall performance, with an optimized accuracy of 97.01% and improved sensitivity in detecting high-risk cases, supported by stable k-fold cross-validation results. To enhance clinical transparency, explainable artificial intelligence was incorporated via SHAP, revealing that key predictors such as the Schiller test, age, and reproductive factors played dominant roles in the model’s decisions. These findings demonstrate that the proposed framework is not only accurate and stable but also interpretable and clinically relevant, making it well-suited to support early detection and decision-making in cervical cancer screening, especially in resource-limited healthcare settings.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Regression Models for Paddy Yield Prediction Chery Cardinawati Sitohang; Fitri Kinkin; Budiman
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): BIMA March 2026 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i3.17

Abstract

Accurate paddy yield prediction is essential to support food security, agricultural planning, and data-driven decision-making. The increasing availability of agricultural data has encouraged the adoption of machine learning approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional yield estimation methods. This study presents a comparative analysis of five regression-based machine learning algorithms—Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Support Vector Regression—for paddy yield prediction. The experiments were conducted using the Paddy dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, which consists of 2,789 samples and 45 variables (44 input features and 1 target variable). The dataset was preprocessed through data cleaning, feature standardization, and an 80:20 train–test split. Model performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error, and the coefficient of determination (R²). Experimental results show that Linear Regression achieved the best overall performance with an R² value of 0.9896 and an RMSE of 942.09, indicating strong predictive accuracy and stability. Despite its simplicity, Linear Regression outperformed more complex models, suggesting that the underlying relationships between input variables and paddy yield in the dataset are predominantly linear. These findings highlight the importance of systematic model evaluation and demonstrate that simpler regression models can remain effective and interpretable for practical paddy yield prediction and agricultural decision support systems.
YOLO26n-Based Apple Leaf Disease Detection for Precision Agriculture Using Lightweight Deep Learning and Object Detection Darsiti Darsiti; Budiman; Dhika Wdiyanto; Tarsinah Sumarni
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 4 (2026): BIMA May 2026 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i4.22

Abstract

Early detection of apple leaf diseases is a critical factor in supporting agricultural productivity and minimizing losses caused by plant disease outbreaks. However, manual identification processes still have limitations in terms of accuracy, consistency, and time efficiency. This study aims to develop an apple leaf disease detection model based on object detection using YOLO26n to identify four main classes: Apple__BlackRot, Apple__CedarRust, Apple__Healthy, and Apple__Scab. The dataset was obtained from Kaggle in YOLO format, consisting of 2,754 training images and 687 validation images. The study employs a transfer learning approach with various data augmentation techniques, such as mosaic, mixup, copy-paste, rotation, translation, and HSV transformation, to enhance the model’s generalization ability. Evaluation was conducted using the Precision, Recall, mAP50, and mAP50-95 metrics. The results showed that the YOLO26n model achieved a Precision of 0.968, a Recall of 0.887, an mAP50 of 0.958, and an mAP50-95 of 0.880. The best performance was achieved on the Apple__BlackRot class with an mAP50-95 value of 0.987. The inference results also show that the model is capable of accurately localizing diseases through bounding boxes with a high level of confidence. These findings indicate that YOLO26n has great potential as an efficient and accurate lightweight model for the implementation of real-time precision agriculture-based plant disease detection systems.
A Progressive Training Framework for Robust YOLOv11-Based Vehicle Detection Across Domain Shifts in Real-World CCTV Environments Aditya Gunaldhi; Budiman; Chairul Habibi; Nur Alamsyah
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 5 (2026): BIMA July 2026 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i5.27

Abstract

The performance of deep learning-based vehicle detection models often deteriorates when applied to real-world CCTV environments due to domain shift caused by variations in lighting, occlusion, glare, and changes in camera viewpoint. This study aims to develop a YOLOv11-based progressive training framework to improve the model’s generalization ability under heterogeneous operational conditions. The proposed method consists of four stages: base training, fine-tuning, and a supervised progressive domain adaptation strategy implemented through sequential fine-tuning on labeled target-domain CCTV images before OpenVINO-based inference optimization. The model is trained using a source dataset and adapted to a target dataset representing real-world CCTV conditions. Evaluation was conducted using Precision, Recall, mAP@50, mAP@50–95, loss curve analysis, per-vehicle-class evaluation, visual testing on CCTV video, as well as latency and throughput measurements. The results show that base training achieved an mAP@50 of 0.919 and built a robust feature representation, while fine-tuning maintained performance stability with an mAP@50 of 0.915. Although domain adaptation reduced mAP@50 to 0.811 due to domain shift, the model demonstrated improved generalization capabilities and maintained more consistent detection under low-light conditions, glare, occlusion, and heavy traffic. OpenVINO INT8 optimization increased inference speed from 4.86 FPS to 9.08 FPS with minimal accuracy loss. These findings demonstrate that the progressive training framework effectively bridges differences in data distribution while producing a vehicle detection model that is more robust, efficient, and suitable for deployment in real-time CCTV-based traffic monitoring systems.
Co-Authors Acep Hendra Aditya Gunaldhi Aggi Panigoro Sarifiyono Ahmad Fauzi Ramadhan Aidha Salsa Billa Akbar, Imannudin Alamsyah, R Yadi Rakhman AlFauzi, Ihsan Alif Januantara Prima Almira Nurchawilah Amos Duan Nugroho Andi Sunyoto Anto Widianto Anugrah Adiwilaga Arafat Febriandirza Ari Rizki Fauzi Arief Setyanto Artika Arista Cahya Miftahul Falah Catherin Rumambo Mogot Pandin Chairul Habibi Chairul Habibi Chery Cardinawati Sitohang Danestiara, Venia R Dani Rizky Zaelani Darsiti Darsiti Deandy Zahran Vierdansyah Deden Pradeka Devi Aprianti Rimadhani Agustini Dhani Ariatmanto Dhika Wdiyanto Dirham Triyadi Dirham Triyadi Esa Prakasa Fachrizal Ardiansyah Fahmi Abdullah Fahreja Ramadhan Fauzi Ramadhan, Ahmad Fikri Rizqillah Hasani Fitri Kinkin Gelar, Trisna Gunthur Bayu Wibisono Habibi, Chairul Hamzah, Encep Hani Fitria Rahmani Hasan Nuraripin Henki Bayu Seta Hernawan, Kartika Nursyabanita Ihsan AlFauzi Ilham Ramadhan Ismi Nur Muhamad Jennifer Kaunang, Valencia Claudia Karlina, Nichi Hana Kaunang, Valencia Kaunang, Valencia Claudia Jennifer M. Rizki Ramadhan Muhammad Noerhadi Muhammad Rizki Ramadhan Nasution, Vani Maharani Niqotaini, Zatin Nur Alamsyah NUR ALAMSYAH Nur Alamsyah Nur Alamsyah, Nur Nursyanti, Reni PARAMA YOGA, TITAN R. Yadi Rakhman A R. Yadi Rakhman A4 R. Yadi Rakhman Alamsyah R. Yadi Rakhman Alamsyah Raka Deny Abdi Putra Rakhman Alamsyah, Rd. Yadi Rd. Yadi Rakhman Alamsyah Rd. Zidni Rizan Al-Zhahir Yanuar Reni Nursyanti Reni Nursyanti Reni Nursyanti Reynaldy Gimnastiar Rezza Novian Noor Rochmat Rijwan Rijwan S.W. Manurip, Atanasius Angga Sardjono Setiana, Elia Silvana Anggraeni, Zulmeida Sophian Ramadhan Suci Fitriani Setiawan Syifa Aqila Humaira Tarsinah Sumarni Tiara Permata Hati Titan Parama Titan Parama Yoga Titan Parama Yoga Tutik Ultsa Rahmatika Valencia Claudia Jennifer Valencia Claudia Jennifer Kaunang Valencia Claudia Jennifer Kaunang Venia R Danestiara Venia Restreva Danestiara Wala Erpurini Wala Erpurini Wulandari Wulandari Yoga Rizki Rahmawan Zein Suna Arfigan Said