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Pyrolysis of Medical Mask Waste into Liquid Fuel Using Activated Natural Zeolite Catalyst Fitria Yulistiani; Risdo Satriya Agati; Aria Henry Haidar; Ayu Ratna Permanasari
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.4789

Abstract

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rise in the amount of mask waste, which can be recycled using catalytic pyrolysis. The method targets polypropylene, the primary material used in mask production, and utilizes activated natural zeolite as a catalyst. This process can enhance the selectivity of oil product compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene. This research aims to investigate the impact of the Catalyst Feed mass ratio (C/F) and time on the distribution and recovery of oil products and to identify the optimal operating conditions for generating oil products comparable to the gasoline fraction. The steps are preparation, activation of zeolite catalysts, pyrolysis, component distribution analysis, and pyrolytic oil physical properties test. The variations in this study are C/F of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2; and pyrolysis times of 30 and 60 minutes. Increasing the C/F to 0.2 reduced the oil yield to 41.18 %w/w, while increasing the time to 60 minutes reduced the char yield to around 3 %w/w. Pyrolysis at C/F = 0.05 for 30 minutes produced the highest monoaromatic composition of 22.884 %w/w, while pyrolysis at C/F = 0.2 produced the highest monoaromatic contents of 20.274 %w/w. The best operating conditions, namely 60 minutes of pyrolysis with C/F = 0.05, resulted in an oil yield of 47.31 %w/w and an octane number of oil products of 80.645. These conditions produce oil with properties of kerosene fraction with a density of 0.778 g/mL and viscosity of 1.005 cSt.
Characterization of caffeine crystals obtained from the extraction process of green robusta coffee beans Tri Hariyadi; Ayu Ratna Permanasari; Iwan Ridwan; Bambang Soeswanto; Teguh Taufiqurohim; Unung Leoanggraini; Fania Hidayati; Renata Naomi Cinta Sedjati; Mentik Hulupi
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Volume 20, Number 1, 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.24765

Abstract

Robusta coffee contains a higher caffeine content, ranging from 1.6–2.4%, nearly twice as much as Arabica coffee, which contains only 0.9–1.2%. Caffeine content is widely utilized in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals and the food and beverage industry. This study aims to analyze the effect of temperature and time on the solid–liquid extraction process of green coffee beans, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of two different solvents in the liquid–liquid extraction process for obtaining caffeine crystals. Solid–liquid extraction was carried out at temperature variations of 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, and 97°C, with durations of 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes. Liquid–liquid extraction was performed using two types of organic solvents, namely chloroform and dichloromethane. The results were analyzed by measuring caffeine purity using a melting point apparatus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on retention time parameters, as well as determining caffeine concentration using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum temperature and time for solid–liquid extraction were found to be 97°C for 60 minutes. Liquid–liquid extraction yielded a caffeine content of 2.18 mg/g using chloroform, and 1.38 mg/g using dichloromethane. Based on melting point and HPLC retention time testing, the caffeine crystals obtained from liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane showed higher purity, with a melting point of 236°C and a retention time of 2.06 minutes. These values are close to those of pure caffeine, which has a melting point of 236°C and a retention time of 2.01 minutes, compared to the caffeine crystals obtained using chloroform.