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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Industri International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Waste Technology Jurnal technoscientia Rekayasa Mesin Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan SCIENCE TECH: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Jurnal DISPROTEK ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri Berkelanjutan Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Harwin Saptoadi
Department Of Mechanical And Industrial Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Other

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The Effect of Temperature Variation and Absorber Type on the Pyrolysis of Sawdust Using Microwaves Saputro, Muhammad Arief; Saptoadi, Harwin; Putra, Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga
Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM), Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jreece.v5i2.19543

Abstract

Biomass is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. However, its utilization is often inefficient, such as in direct combustion and biological processes. Pyrolysis, a method of heating biomass without oxygen, can enhance the value of biomass by producing gas, oil, and char. Microwave technology makes the pyrolysis process more efficient. This study varied the pyrolysis temperatures (350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C) and used KOH and SiC as varied absorbers. KOH was chosen because it contains O and H elements that help absorb microwaves, while SiC is effective in improving heating efficiency. The results showed that pyrolysis at 350°C produced the highest biochar yield of 59.3% of the biomass weight. The highest bio-oil yield, 27.7%, was obtained at 400°C.Pyrolysis without an absorber demonstrated that sawdust cannot absorb microwaves effectively, as the temperature only reached around 200°C, which is insufficient for pyrolysis. SiC increased the temperature of the sawdust (between 200°C - 330°C) earlier than KOH. However, KOH led to higher bio-oil production than SiC. The findings suggest that absorber type and pyrolysis temperature significantly influence the efficiency and product distribution. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis with absorbers offers a promising method for converting biomass into valuable energy products, highlighting its potential for further development.
Characteristics of Waste Plastics Pyrolytic Oil and Its Applications as Alternative Fuel on Four Cylinder Diesel Engines Nugroho Pratama, Nosal; Saptoadi, Harwin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 1 (2014): February 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.1.13-20

Abstract

Waste plastics recycling using pyrolysis method is not only able to decrease a number of environment pollutant but also able to produce economical and high quality hydrocarbon products. Two experiments were conducted to completely study Waste Plastic Pyrolytic Oil (WPPO) characteristics and its applications.  First experiment investigated oil characteristics derived from pyrolysis process in two stages batch reactors: pyrolysis and catalytic reforming reactor, at maximum temperature 500oC and 450oC respectively. Waste Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) and others were used as raw material. Nitrogen flow rate at 0.8 l/minutes was used to increase oil weight percentage. Indonesian natural zeolite was used as catalyst. Then, second experiment was carried out on Diesel Engine Test Bed (DETB) used blending of WPPO and Biodiesel fuel with a volume ratio of 1:9. This experiment was specifically conducted to study how much potency of blending of WPPO and biodiesel in diesel engine. The result of first experiment showed that the highest weight percentage of WPPO derived from mixture of PE waste (50%wt), PP waste (40%wt) and PS waste (10%wt) is 45.13%wt. The more weight percentage of PE in feedstock effected on the less weight percentage of WPPO, the more percentage of C12-C20 content in WPPO and the higher calorific value of WPPO. Characteristics of WPPO such as, Specific Gravity, Flash point, Pour Point, Kinematic Viscosity, Calorific value and percentage of C12-C20 showed interesting result that WPPO could be developed as alternative fuel on diesel fuel blending due to the proximity of their characteristics. Performance of diesel engine using blending of WPPO and biodiesel on second experiment gave good result so the WPPO will have great potency to be valuable alternative liquid fuel in future, especially on stationary diesel engine and transportation engine application.
Process–Composition–Property Relationships of Blended Coconut Shell–Teak Leaf (Tectona Grandis) Powder Biochar Briquettes for Solid Renewable Fuel Applications Pangestu, Kukuh Andreng; Saptoadi, Harwin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v17i1.2364

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable solid fuels has driven the development of biochar briquettes based on coconut shells and teak leaves with tapioca starch as a binder. This study evaluated the effect of the mixing ratio of coconut shell and teak leaf biochar (50:40, 60:30, and 70:20; 10% binder) on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of briquettes carbonized at 450 °C for 3 hours and characterized by moisture content, ash content, calorific value, density, and impact resistance index (IRI). The results showed that an increase in the fraction of coconut shell biochar reduced the moisture content (6.124–5.616%) and ash content (13.916–11.100%), and increased the calorific value (6050.36–6557.90 cal g⁻¹), density (14.712–16.347 kg m⁻³), and IRI (95.866–96.536%). The best composition was obtained with 70% coconut shell biochar, 20% teak leaf biochar, and 10% binder, which produced high-quality briquettes with the potential to be used as renewable solid fuel from agricultural and forestry waste.
Co-Authors Azarya, Eblin Alle Bayu Megaprastio Bisrul Hapis Tambunan, Bisrul Hapis Dwi Aries Himawanto Dwi Aries Himawanto Fauzun Fauzun I Indarto Indarto, I Kunio Yoshikawa Kurniawan, Stephanus Danny Maulana Wahyu Ayatullah Mochamad Syamsiro Muhammad Arief Saputro Muhammad Arif Wibisono, Muhammad Arif Musabbikhah Musabbikhah Muslikhin Hidayat Nashrul Chanief Hidayat Nazarrudin, Rizal Nosal Nugroho Pratama Nosal Nugroho Pratama Novi Caroko Nugraha, Maulana Gilar Nur Aklis P. C. Sumardi, P. C. Pangestu, Kukuh Andreng Putra, Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga Putra, Robertus Dimas Dewangga R. Dhimas Dhewangga P R. DHIMAS DHEWANGGA P, R. DHIMAS Shuo Cheng Siti Syamsiah Subarmono Subarmono Suhanan Suhanan, Suhanan Tri Agung Rohmat Tri Agung Rohmat Tri Agung Rohmat Tri Agung Rohmat Wega Trisunaryanti Widi Widayat Wisnu Wardhana, Prabuditya Bhisma Wu Hu Yebi Yuriandala, Yebi Zaka, Ahmad Murtadlo