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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya UNEJ e-Proceeding Public Health of Indonesia Majalah Kesehatan FKUB
Teguh Wahju Sardjono
Parasitology Department, Medical Faculty, Brawijaya University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Imunogenic Protein of Salivary Gland from Anopheles sundaicus Armiyanti, Yunita; Nuryady, Moh Mirza; Utomo, Sugeng Setyo; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Senjarini, Kartika
UNEJ e-Proceeding Indonesian Protein Society (IPS), International Seminar and Workshop 2014
Publisher : UNEJ e-Proceeding

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Abstract

Malaria is still a major problem for developing countries, including Indonesia. One approach to overcome this disease is prevention by vaccination. However, there is still no effective malaria vaccine that is applicable. The ideal malaria vaccine is a combination vaccine that can prevent the pre-erythrocytic cycle, the erythrocytic cycle and transmission process. Salivary vector-based vaccine has the potential to be developed as a malaria vaccine because it can prevent transmission process and also decrease the morbidity of the disease. Saliva from Anopheles contains vasomodulator and immunomodulatory components, that are required in the blood feeding process, but in the same time it could enhance the transmission of the malaria parasite. If the component in the salivary vector can increase pathogen infection, then vaccinating the host with its anti-substances can control the transmission of pathogens (Transmision Blocking Vaccine). Anopheles sundaicus is an important vector of malaria in coastal areas of Java, Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan and West Nusa Tenggara islands. Repeated exposures of Salivary Gland Extract (SGE) from this vector have been proven to be able to decrease parasitemic rates in mouse model for malaria in our study. The objective of this research is to determine and localize the immunogenic protein from SGE of An. sundaicus as the first step for the characterization of its immunomodulatory component. Mosquito salivary gland protein profile of An.sundaicus was determine by SDS-PAGE. Determination of salivary glands immunogenic proteins was conducted by Western Blotting with IgG from people living from endemic area as primary antibody. Out of 15 bands appeared in SDS PAGE ranging from 24 kD to 138 kD, only two protein bands with  molecular weights of 68 and 37 kDa were the most immunogenic. Those immunogenic proteins were consistent recognized by pooled serum of people as well as by individual response. Keywords: malaria, saliva, vector, immunogenic protein, vaccine
Perbandingan Efektifitas Antara Aromaterapi Bunga Mawar dengan Masase dalam Menurunkan Intensitas Nyeri pada Dismenore Primer dengan Perlakuan Standar Kompres Hangat I.P, Gusti Agung; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Fevriasanty, Fransiska Imavike
Majalah Kesehatan FKUB Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Dismenore primer adalah rasa nyeri pada saat menstruasi yang terjadi pada remaja dan wanita muda tanpa adanya patologi pelvis yang menyebabkan gangguan aktivitas sehari-hari sehingga menurunkan produktivitas kerja. Kompres hangat dan masase adalah cara yang sederhana untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi non steroid banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat, padahal obat tersebut mempunyai efek samping yang berbahaya. Aromaterapi bunga mawar diperkenalkan sebagai salah satu cara baru dan aman untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri, namun belum ada penelitian untuk menguji keefektifannya dalam penanganan dismenore primer.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  membandingkan efektifitas aromaterapi bunga mawar dengan masase dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada dismenore primer dengan perlakuan standar kompres hangat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental semu tanpa acak (quasy experimental non randomized control group pretest posttest design). Sebanyak 30 orang mahasiswa PSIK yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan telah menanda tangani informed consent dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari 10 responden, yaitu kelompok dengan perlakuan kompres hangat saja,  kompres hangat dan masase; serta kompres hangat dan aromaterapi bunga mawar. Intensitas nyeri diobservasi dan diukur dengan menggunakan skala nyeri Bourbonis pada menit ke-0, ke-10 dan ke-20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok aromaterapi bunga mawar sebanyak 100 % responden mengalami penurunan intensitas nyeri pada 10 menit pertama dibandingkan 70 % pada kelompok masase dan 80 % pada kelompok kompres. Penurunan intensitas nyeri terbanyak masing-masing adalah 4 sampai lebih dari 4 skala pada 90 %  responden dari kelompok aroma terapi, 1-3 skala pada 70 % responden dari kelompok masase, dan 2 skala pada 70 % responden dari kelompok kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aromaterapi lebih efektif dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada dismenore primer dibandingkan dengan masase dan kompres hangat.Kata kunci: Aromaterapi bunga mawar, Intensitas nyeri dismenore primer, Kompres hangat, Masase.
Hubungan Ekspresi Glucose Transporter 1 (Glut-1) di Jaringan Plasenta dengan Kejadian Pertumbuhan Janin Terhambat pada Mencit Bunting yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei Pradiptasari, Nur Fahma; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju
Majalah Kesehatan FKUB Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Glukosa merupakan substrat utama untuk perkembangan plasenta dan  janin yang ditranspor ke plasenta dengan cara difusi terfasilitasi tidak terikat natrium. Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT-1) merupakan isoform utama yang mentranspor glukosa melalui plasenta. Malaria pada kehamilan memungkinkan terjadinya hipoksia plasenta yang dapat mengganggu transpor sejumlah nutrisi bagi janin termasuk glukosa. Ekspresi GLUT-1 diduga menurun pada kejadian malaria pada kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati ekspresi GLUT-1 pada jaringan plasenta mencit serta hubungannya dengan kejadian berat badan janin rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 17 ekor mencit bunting galur BALB/c yang terdiri atas 9 ekor yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei pada hari ke-9 setelah dikawinkan sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan 8 ekor yang tidak diinfeksi sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pada hari ke-18 pasca kawin mencit dikorbankan untuk mengisolasi plasenta dan janin. Hambatan pertumbuhan janin mencit diukur dengan menimbang berat badan janin mencit menggunakan neraca analitik. Ekspresi GLUT-1 di jaringan plasenta diamati secara mikroskopis menggunakan metode Imunohistokimia. Rata-rata berat badan janin pada kelompok perlakuan (0.63±0.12 g) lebih rendah daripada kelompok kontrol (0.94±0.19 g) dengan perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,002). Ekspresi GLUT-1 pada jaringan plasenta kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,000). Hubungan antara penurunan ekspresi GLUT-1 dengan penurunan berat badan janin menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna (r = 0,284; p = 0,269). Infeksi Plasmodium berghei mengakibatkan penurunan berat badan janin serta penurunan ekspresi GLUT-1 namun penurunan berat badan janin tidak disebabkan secara langsung oleh penurunan ekspresi GLUT-1. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa hambatan pertumbuhan janin pada infeksi malaria kehamilan disebabkan oleh banyak faktor penyebab
The Use of Natural Phenomenon in Obtaining Pregnant Rats and Mice as Experimental Animals with The Same Gestational Ages Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Gondo, Harry Kurniawan; Nugraha, Rivo Yudhinata Brian; Putri, Anisa Tiara; Effendy, Meyland Citra Oktri Sienty
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Hormonal oestrus synchronization is often used to obtain the same gestational ages animal models, but it may not physiologic nor practical. This research was conducted to find out a simple method in obtaining physiologic pregnant experimental animals. We used 120 female rats and mice each, divided into 16 groups with 15 members each. They were classified according to the state of parities, pair or group mating, and synchronization of oestrous. The estrous synchronization is done by utilizing the natural phenomenon (Lee-Boot, Pheromone, and Whitten effect). All nulliparous and multiparous models then were simultaneously mated for one night in pairs (1:1) or in groups (1:5) subsequently. Pregnancy rates were noted based on the number of models delivering pups on day 19-23 post-mating. The highest pregnancy rate was noted in group of multiparous, synchronized and monogamous rats (86.7%), followed by nulliparous, synchronized and monogamous rats (73.3%) and multiparous, synchronized and monogamous mice (60%) (p<0.05). Synchronization of the estrous and monogamous mating of rats or mice had significant roles in pregnancy rates (p<0.05). To get a high number of pregnant rats or mice models, we suggest to use the multiparous, estrous synchronized and monogamous simultaneous mating within one night.
Kejadian Toxoplasmosis pada Kasus-kasus Abortus Spontan di RS Dr. Saiful Anwar dideteksi dengan Pemeriksaan Serologik, Histopatologik dan PCR Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Soewarto, Soetomo; Muhammad, Lubnah
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 18, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis dikenal sebagai salah satu penyebab penting dari abortus spontan pada manusia, tetapi seberapa besar sebenarnya peran dari penyakit ini sebagai penyebab abortus, belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian Toxoplasmosis pada kasus-kasus abortus spontan di RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar (RSSA) Malang, dengan menggunakan metode pemeriksaan serologic, histopatologik dan PCR. Dalam kurun waktu 4 bulan (Maret-Juni 2000) dari 2395 kunjungan pasien di bagian Obstetri-Ginekologi RSSA didapatkan 451 kasus abortus (18,83%). Diperoleh 43 kasus abortus spontan dan 23 kaus kehamilan normal yang memenuhi syarat dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Pada kelompok kehamilan normal, rerata kadar IgM maupun IgG ternyata lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok subyek, tetapi perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Rasio prevalensi kasus dengan IgM (-) dan IgM (+) pada kelompok pembanding (1:22) dibandingkan pada kelompok studi (3:40) tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p=0,67; OR=1,65). Rasio prevalensi kasus dengan IgG (+) dan IgG (-) pada kelompok pembanding (14:9) lebih besar dari kelompok subyek (22:21), tetapi perbedaan ini juga tidak bermakna (p=0,45; OR=0,67). Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya Toxoplasma di jaringan kerokan sisa kehamilan, baik melalui pemeriksaan histopatologik maupun PCR. Hasil penelitian ini tidak dapat menyimpulkan bahwa Toxoplasmosis merupakan penyebab utama dari abortus spontan. Wanita hamil dengan IgG Toxoplasma positif justru mempunyai resiko lebih rendah untuk mengalami abortus dibandingkan yang IgGnya negatif.
KEGAGALAN KEHAMILAN AKIBAT INFEKSI Toxoplasma gondiiGALUR RH DIPICU OLEH OVERPRODUKSI INTERFERON GAMMA (IFNγ γγ γ) Sardjono, Teguh Wahju
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 21, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (134.428 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2005.021.03.5

Abstract

It has been already known that transplacental infiltration of parasites occurred during Toxoplasma infection in pregnancy; but pregnancy failures may due to some other previous mechanisms. Eighty BALB/c female mice were monogamously mated than devided into three pairs of study groupsand a pair of control group. On Day 9thpost mating, three pairs of study groups were intra-peritoneally infected by 10, 50 and 100 tachyzoites of RH strain Toxoplasma gondii, and the control groups were injected by PBS. Effect of treatment on the plasma level of IFNγ(ELISA) and number of litters were evaluated on the day 12thand day 15th-16th, represented second and third period of pregnancy.ANOVA and Path Analysis showed that duration of infection and the increase  of plasma IFNγ level decreased number of litters with coefficients of path of (-0,269; p=0,005) and (-0,377; p= 0,002) respectively. Decreasing number of litters was due toIFNγoverproduction, as response against RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii infection. This study showed that pregnancy failure in Toxoplasma infection is more due to indirect immuno-biochemical aspects rather than direct parasitological aspect. More studies to explain the basic molecular and immunological mechanisms of pregnancy failure in toxoplasmosis are still needed. Key words:Toxoplasmosis, IFNγ-overproduction, pregnancy failure
PERAN LABORATORIUM DALAM DIAGNOSIS DAN PENATALAKSANAAN KASUS KASUS PENYAKIT TROPIK DAN INFEKSI Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Ismanoe, Gatoet; Widjayanto, Edi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 20, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (251.874 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2004.020.01.4

Abstract

Infectious disease is still a health problem in theworld, especially in tropical and developing countries, including Indonesia. The diagnosis of tropical disease cases mostly are still based on the main of clinical symptoms, that is fever. Among 900 fever patients, 21% of the disease were diagnosed by clinical examinations, 35% by laboratory tests and 40% were diagnosed as fever of unknown origin (FUO). One forth of the FUO patients were definitively diagnosed after specific laboratory tests, but the use of the specific tests in daily practice were relatively rare. The tests ordered by physicians to the Department of Central Clinical Laboratory Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, are mostly hematology and blood chemical tests (59.54% and 21.52%). Specific tests for microbiology and parasitology were only 3.15% and 0.46% respectively. Fever patients who not definitively diagnosed, often received unnecessary treatments or medications (over-treatment), those are actually dangerous to them. To improve the quality of clinical management, the traditional laboratory service should be changed tobe the interactive laboratory service. It needs a  role, understanding and good collaboration between clinical practitioners who know the basic sciences and the pre/para-clinical scientists who interest to the clinical phenomenon. The aim of the change is to get the more scientific, ethical and professional medical services. Key words:Laboratory medicine, diagnosis,management, infectious disease
High Level of Plasma Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF- α) in Pregnant Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei is Strongly Related to Low Level of Hemoglobin but not Related to Fetal Low Weight Yuliyanik, Yuliyanik; Fitri, Loeki E; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 28, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2015.028.04.3

Abstract

Malaria infection in pregnancy may increase the morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. In pregnant women, it can lead to severe anemia, cerebral malaria, pulmonary edema, renal failure and even death, while in the fetus it can cause abortion, premature birth, low birth weight, and fetal death. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ) are associated with low birth weight and anemia in pregnant women. This study was conducted to measure the levels of TNF-α in plasma and hemoglobin levels as well as fetal weight to determine the relationship among them in P. berghei infected pregnant mice and normal pregnant mice. Seventeen BALB/c mice used in this study were divided into two groups, those were the study group (9 pregnant mice infected with P. berghei) and control group (8 pregnant mice not infected with P. berghei). Levels of TNF-α were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (R&amp;D Systems, catalog A00B MT). Hemoglobin levels were determined using flowcytometri, whereas fetal weights were measured with Mettler analytical balance AE 50. T-test statistical analysis showed that the levels of plasma TNF-α in study group were higher than control group (p=0,000). Hemoglobin levels in the study group  were lower than control group (p=0,025). Fetal weights were also lower in fetuses of infected mice than fetuses of uninfected mice (p=0,002). Pearson correlation test showed that increasing plasma levels of TNF-α in infected P. berghei pregnant mice were related with the decreasing levels of Hb, (p=0,020; r=-0,748).  However plasma levels of TNF-α were not associated with the incidence of fetal low weight (p=0,380, and p=0,365). It can be concluded that the increasing levels of TNF-α is associated with decreasing levels of hemoglobin (Hb), but not associated with fetal low weight.Keywords:  Birth weight, hemoglobin, Plasmodium berghei, Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF- α)
Endoglin Expression and the Level of Tgf-Î’ Are Increased In the Placental Tissue and Correlated with Low Fetal Weight in Malaria Infected Mice sasmito, sujarot dwi; Ulfiati, Adilah; Wardana, Ardhian; Nugraheni, Fitriana; Pradiptasari, Nur Fahma; Zulaifa, Zakiyah; Norahmawati, Eviana; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 5, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.5.1.%x

Abstract

Malaria infection during pregnancy can cause accumulation of infected-red blood cells in placental intervillous space and induces placental tissue inflammation and hypoxia. This condition triggers endoglin expression, and release of soluble endoglin which can interfere TGF-β binding to its receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between placental endoglin expression and TGF-β level with low fetal weight (LFW) in malaria-infected mice. Nine pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei on the day 9th post mating (malaria infected group) and eight normal pregnant mice (non-infected group) were used in this study. The mice were sacrificed on the day 18th post mating, and all fetal body weights were measured by analytical scale. Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was done to determine the level of placental TGF-β while immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine endoglin expression in placental tissue. The mean of fetal body weights of malaria infected group was significantly lower than non-infected group (p=0,002), while the expression of placental endoglin in malaria infected group was significantly higher than non-infected group (p=0.003). The level of placental TGF-β in malaria infected group was also higher than non-infected group but the difference was not significant (p=0.064). Pearson correlation test showed that there were significant negative correlations between fetal body weights with the level of placental TGF-β (p=0.017, r=-0.568) and the expression of placental endoglin (p=0.002, r=-0.694). Malaria infection in pregnant mice will increase both TGF- β and endoglin in placenta tissue and correlate with low fetal weight.   
DIFFERENT EFFECT OF SHIFT WORK ON FATIGUE AND WORK RELATED STRESS IN EMERGENCY ROOM NURSES AT THE HOSPITALS IN BADUNG AND DENPASAR REGENCY, BALI, INDONESIA Juniartha, I Gusti Ngurah; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Kartikawatiningsih, Dewi
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 2 (2018): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher & IAKMI SULTRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (322.224 KB) | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v4i2.197

Abstract

Background: Shift work is a way to maintain proper health care daily at hospital. Shift work may affect fatigue level of nurse and work related stress in Emergency Room (ER) nurses. Generally there are two types of shift work, such as two and three division time a day. The three-division time shift includes 6-6-12 shift and 7-7-10 hours shift, and two-division time includes 12-12 hours shift. Lack of studies discusses about shift work on fatigue and work related stress in ER nurses.Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the differences of the effects between 6-6-12 shift, 7-7-10 shift, and 12-12 shift on fatigue and work related stress, and determine the dominant indicator influencing fatigue and work related stress in emergency nurses at the hospitals in Badung and Denpasar regency, Bali Indonesia.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. Purposive sampling was done to recruit 102 nurses from eight emergency departments at Badung and Denpasar regency. Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) questionnaire was used to measure fatigue, and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) questionnaire was used to measure work related stress. Univariate analysis was used to analyze demographic characteristics of each ER. Kruskall-Wallis test with post hoc Mann Whitney were used to determine the different score of fatigue and work related stress between each group, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to identify contribution of fatigue toward work related stress of ER nurses. Results: There were significant difference of the effect of shift work on fatigue, between 6-6-12 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.037, and between 7-7-10 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.003; and significant difference of the effect of shift work on work related stress, between 6-6-12 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.474, and between 7-7-10 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.128. SEM results show that fatigue contributed about 61% to increase work related stress in ER nurses.Conclusion: There was significant difference of the effects on fatigue between two and three-division time of shifts, and there was no difference of the effect on work related stress for each group. Fatigue statistically increased work related stress in ER nurses.
Co-Authors Adilah Ulfiati, Adilah Ardhian Wardana, Ardhian Edi Widjayanto Effendy, Meyland Citra Oktri Sienty Eviana Norahmawati Fitriana Nugraheni, Fitriana Fransiska Imavike Fevriasanty Gatoet Ismanoe Gusti Agung I.P, Gusti Agung Harry Kurniawan Gondo I Gusti Ngurah Juniartha Kartika Senjarini Kartikawatiningsih, Dewi Loeki E Fitri, Loeki E Loeki Enggar Fitri Moh Mirza Nuryady, Moh Mirza Muhammad, Lubnah Nugraha, Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nur Fahma Pradiptasari, Nur Fahma Putri, Anisa Tiara Soetomo Soewarto Sugeng Setyo Utomo, Sugeng Setyo sujarot dwi sasmito, sujarot dwi Yuliyanik yuliyanik Yunita Armiyanti Zakiyah Zulaifa, Zakiyah