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Journal : Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

Food profile, environmental factors, stunting, and risk of autism among children on Citarum watershed: a preliminary study Shela Rachmayanti; Asri Chasanah Adisasmita; Retno Asti Werdhani; Wiku B. B. Adisasmito
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 37 No 12 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v37i12.3439

Abstract

Purpose: The Citarum River, Indonesia, is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Despite this, it is still used for community purposes. This preliminary study aims to determine the initial profile and magnitude of the problem in the health ecosystem along Citarum River, which focuses on stunting and the risk of autism associated with food consumption and environmental factors. Methods: Our random sample included children aged <5 years from their households in the Andir and Gajahmekar villages, from September 2018 to September 2019. We interviewed guardians on food consumption and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers - Revised (M-CHAT-R) questionnaire. The height measurement was interpreted with HAZ WHO-curve. The relationship between variables was analyzed through Chi-square. Results: This study showed that the proportion of stunting and risk of autism was 46.2% and 68%, respectively. Children who consume cow's milk and do not consume tomatoes are more at risk of developing autism. Moreover, subjects that consume chicken and fish from the Citarum riverbank have a higher risk of stunting and autism. Conclusions: Based on this preliminary study, the proportion of stunting and autism in children on the Citarum watershed is higher than the national average. The animal husbandry service authority must consider efforts to maximize this riverside habitat to provide livestock as a source of protein for communities around the river.
Implementation of the primary health care system in various countries: a systematic review Setya Budi, Rocky; Adisasmito, Wiku Bakti Bawono
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 04 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i04.7168

Abstract

Purpose: Primary health care (PHC) focuses on the community as individuals, families, and communities, which prioritizes health promotion and disease prevention over treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. PHC implementation often sacrificed the prevention approach because it was hampered by health medicalization. Methods: This Systematic Review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The author searched five databases: EMBASE, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed, to discover the primary health care system implementation in various countries. Result: Searches on the EMBASE database included 193 articles, ProQuest 347 articles, PubMed 589 articles, ScienceDirect 294 articles, and Scopus 293 articles. Reports were assessed for eligibility, the remaining 39 full-text articles were reviewed, and the authors chose ten relevant and suitable articles for further review. Conclusions: The medicalization of health, a shortage of skilled health workers, poor services, a weak referral system, treatment that does not meet the needs of the community, a lack of public-private partnerships in the provision of health services, and a lack of stakeholder involvement in policy-making continues to impede PHC implementation. In the future, stakeholders should cover the gap between public health and primary care through integration.