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2.4 GHz Energy Harvester for Ultra-Low Power IoT Sensor Applications Vauzia, Farrah; Sulaeman, Enceng; Taryana, Yana
Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jet.679

Abstract

IoT is a technology that integrates various devices and can be controlled remotely via the internet. Currently, IoT is rapidly developing in sectors such as health, agriculture, housing, and more. Sensors play an essential role in IoT devices to collect information from the surrounding environment. The sensors rely on batteries as a power source, which affects their performance. Recent technologies have developed ultra-low power sensors to extend the battery life. However, using batteries for IoT devices over a long period is not cost-effective and efficient in terms of installation. To address this issue, an Energy Harvester system has been developed. This system collects energy from the surrounding environment and converts it into electrical energy. The focus of this research is to design and implement an energy harvester powered by Radio Frequency (RF), specifically in the 2.4 GHz frequency band for ultra-low power IoT sensor applications. The RF energy harvester (RFEH) was designed and simulated using ADS 2011.11 software. The RFEH was fabricated on FR4 epoxy PCB and the measurement was conducted in two conditions: directly connected to the signal generator and in a far-field area. The harvester achieved a maximum output current of 32.6µA under a received power of -3 dBm, satisfying the requirements for ultra-low power IoT sensors.
Phase-Sensitive Radar Using ADALM-Pluto SDR and Cantenna for Sub-Millimeter Displacement Measurement Mozef, Eril; Rasyid, Ridho Shofwan; Sulaeman, Enceng; Mulyana, Tiyo Rizky; Al Farik, Fahrizal; Junjunan, Thaskia Qolbi
Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jet.757

Abstract

The capability of phase-sensitive radar to detect sub-millimeter displacement has been widely demonstrated, enabling a range of applications such as structural vibration monitoring, human vital-sign detection, gesture sensing, and precision motion tracking. In these domains, particularly in non-contact human respiratory monitoring, conventional phase-sensitive radar systems offer key advantages, including high phase stability, robust performance under non-ideal lighting or environmental conditions, and the ability to operate without physical contact. These strengths make them effective for capturing small periodic chest movements required for accurate respiratory assessment. However, conventional hardware implementations often suffer from limited flexibility, higher development cost, and increased design complexity. These constraints motivate the shift toward software-defined radio (SDR) solutions, which provide reconfigurability, simplified prototyping, and significantly lower cost while retaining the essential phase-sensitive capabilities. This motivation forms the basis of the present research. This study realizes a phase-sensitive radar using an ADALM-Pluto SDR operating at 2.45 GHz with a cantenna antenna configuration. Compared with previous SDR-based works that focus primarily on Doppler vital-sign extraction or require more elaborate RF front-ends, the proposed system emphasizes displacement-resolution enhancement through careful phase processing while maintaining minimal hardware complexity. The combination of a compact SDR platform, simple antenna structure, and optimized signal processing pipeline yields a practical and accessible radar prototype. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a displacement resolution of 0.5 mm, meeting the requirements for developing a reliable respiratory-monitoring application and confirming the suitability of SDR-based phase-sensitive radar for low-cost biomedical sensing.