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Eco-Friendly Photocatalyst from Limestone: ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Efficient Rhodamine B Removal Sukarta, I Nyoman; Suyasa, I Wayan Budiarsa; Mahardika, I Gede; Suprihatin, Iryanti Eka; Sastrawidana, I Dewa Ketut; Wiratma, I Gusti Lanang; Darmayasa, Dewa Komang
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20426

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize a limestone-based ZnO-hydroxyapatite (HA/ZnO) composite and evaluate its performance in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by reacting calcined CaO from limestone with orthophosphoric acid and subsequently combined with ZnO via a co-precipitation–hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to determine their crystal structure and functional groups. The HA/ZnO composite exhibited the smallest crystallite size (14.86 nm), indicating enhanced surface area and strong interfacial interaction. Photodegradation tests revealed optimal conditions at pH of 9, Rhodamine B concentration of 20 mg/L, and catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 99.81%. Toxicity assessment using a corn seed germination test showed a significant increase in germination rate from 16% (untreated) to 92% (after photocatalytic treatment). These findings suggest that the limestone-derived HA/ZnO composite is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for textile dye wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors A. A. Sg. Istri A. Suwandewi Anak Agung Istri Agung Mayun Laksmiwati Anak Agung Putri Cintya Paramitha Utari Antariksa, Najwa Kusuma Putri Arik Agustina B. Ankamwar Darmayasa, Dewa Komang Devi Esteria Hasianna Purba Devi Mayangsari Dewa Ayu Puspasari Didik Setiawan Dina Lindawati Purba Emmy Sahara Ermin Riskiani Gusti Ayu Dewi Lestari Gusti Ayu Putu Prima Purnamasari Henu Sumekar I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana I G. A. K. S. P. Dewi I Gede Mahardika I Gusti Ayu Kd Ravika Sugianthi I Gusti Ayu Kunti Sri Panca Dewi I Gusti Lanang Wiratma I Gusti Ngurah Raka Aryawan I M. G. Sudyadnyana Sandhika I Made Siaka I Nengah Wirajana I Nyoman Sujana I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I W. Wiratama I Wayan Suarsa I. A. Gede Widihati I. M. S. Negara Ida Bagus Made Asmara Dwipa Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Intan Wahyuni, Pande Made Irdhawati Irdhawati Ita Hidayatus S James Sibarani K. A. P. D. Putra K. D. Cahyadi K. Wardani Kadek Duwi Cahyadi Ketut Gede Dharma Putra Kunti Sri Panca Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Lisdiantari, Ni Luh Gede Luh Pt Widya Kalifika Devi Luh Putu Desy Udayani Made Arie Kusuma Dewi Manuntun Manurung N. D. Murdani N. K.D.S. Widari N. L. G. A. Sunariani N. W. S. P. Dewi Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti Ni Ketut Esati Ni Komang Ariati Ni Luh Putu Mustika Praptiwi Ni Made Suaniti Ni Nyoman Trisnawati Ni Putu Ayu Dwijayanti, Ni Putu Ayu Susilawati Ni Putu Diantariani Oka Ratnayani Olivia Carolyn Sitepu P. B. Limbong Putu Suarya R. M. Suat Rahayu, Riana Suastari regi mahendra W. D. Sulihingtyas Wahyu Dwijani S. Wahyu Dwijani Sulihingtyas Wahyu Dwijani Sulihingtyas Welhelmus Djo, Yuliana Herman WIWIK SUSANAH RITA Y. P. Mau Yuliana Herman Welhelmus Djo