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Journal : BIOEDUSCIENCE

Population and Level of Noctuidae Pest Attack on Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt.) Agustin, Eva Tri; Rahmadhini, Noni; Kusuma, Ramadhani Mahendra
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 8 No 3 (2024): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/15349

Abstract

Background: Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) is a food plant from the family grass, and cultivating sweet corn is more profitable because it has high economic value on the market. The growth phase of sweet corn plants often experiences a decrease in production yields, even crop failure due to pest attacks. This research aims to determine the pest population and the level of Noctudiae pest attacks that attack sweet corn plants. The study was conducted on moorland in Pilanggot Hamlet, Wonokromo Village, Tikung District, Lamongan Regency, East Java, from May to July 2023. This research used a selected random sampling survey method, namely observations on five plots, and each plot contained 48 observed plants. Observations began when the sweet corn plants were 14 HST and carried out once a week, 10 observations with 7-day intervals, namely in the vegetative phase (14, 21, 28, 35, 42) and generative phase (49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 HST). ). The research results show that the highest population of Noctuidae pests is the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), with as many as 63 individuals with a relative abundance of 54%. The Noctuidae pests found were the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), moth (Spodoptera litura), and cob borer (Helicoverpa armigera). The highest attack percentage is 25%, but it is still mild.
The Effect of Refugia Crops on the Abundance of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies in Fruits Plantations Putri, Vadila Mulia; Windriyanti , Wiwin; Rahmadhini, Noni
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 9 No 1 (2025): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/12475

Abstract

Background: Refugia plants can provide SNAP (Shelter, Nectar, Alternative food, and Pollen) for insects. Commonly used refugia plants are marigolds (Tagetes erecta), zinnia (Zinnia elegans), and king's salad (Cosmos caudatus). Planting refugia plants is one way to manipulate the habitat of natural enemies so natural enemy populations increase, and pest populations can be controlled. Abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, pH, and rainfall affect insect populations. Methods: This research was conducted in March–May 2023. The refugia plants used were king's salad and zinnia flowers with a cropping pattern on the edges of the plots and an insect bank system. Sampling data was collected from both fields twice weekly using observation, sticky yellow traps, sweep nets, and light traps. Results: Insect pests and natural enemies from both fields were identified, namely four orders, 11 families, and 13 morphospecies, with 503 insects in the plantations with refugia and 434 without refugia. Conclusions: Species diversity values were 2.12 and 2.08 in plantations with and without refugia, indicating moderate diversity. The Bray-Curtis index for planting insect groups with and without refugia was 0.903, indicating the constituents' composition was the same. Based on the linear regression test results, the temperature and humidity factors affect insect pests' Abundance and natural enemies' Abundance.
Fluktuasi Populasi dan Kemunculan Imago Lalat Buah pada Perkebunan Jeruk Pamelo di Kabupaten Magetan Ukhrowi, Syerlina Titis Muawanah; Rahmadhini, Noni; Windriyanti, Wiwin
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 9 No 1 (2025): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/15772

Abstract

Background: The decrease in the output and quality of pomelo oranges due to improper growing methods and fruit fly pests poses a challenging control problem. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of abiotic influences on the variations in the population of fruit flies. Method: Observations were conducted to determine the correlation between the emergence of adult fruit flies from contaminated fruit and the population of fruit flies in the field. The study was conducted in Sukomoro District, Magetan Regency, from January - May 2024. This study integrates two techniques, explicitly using traps (Steiner traps) and host rearing. Secondary data collection encompasses gathering information on rainfall, temperature, humidity, and agriculture patterns. Results: The research findings identified two species of fruit flies in pomelo orange plantations, specifically Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis. The rate of imago emergence ranges from 86% - 92%. Conclusion: each emergence is accompanied by a substantial rise in the fly population. There is no association between abiotic elements like rainfall and humidity and the changes in the fruit fly population. A statistically significant moderate correlation exists between the emergence of imago and trapped fruit flies, namely (r) of 0.616 (p) of 0.001.
Bio-Priming with Trichoderma spp. to Suppress Aspergillus flavus, the Causal Agent of Damping-off Disease in Peanuts Anita, Tri Yuli; Suryaminarsih, Penta; Rahmadhini, Noni
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 9 No 2 (2025): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/14937

Abstract

Background: Aspergillus flavus is a fungus that produces aflatoxin, a toxic compound that can contaminate food products, especially nuts. The impact caused by A. flavus causes significant losses for peanut-producing countries in cases of international trade. A. flavus infection in peanuts causes physical changes and quality, as well as a decrease in seed germination. Environmentally friendly control efforts for A. flavus can be carried out by utilizing biological agents such as Trichoderma spp. This study aims to evaluate the ability of T. harzianum and T. asperellum to inhibit the growth of A. flavus. This study also evaluates bio-priming methods enriched with Trichoderma spp. to optimize peanut seed germination. Methods: The research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 2 factors. The first factor is the isolate species Trichoderma spp. namely T. harzianum (T1), T. asperellum (T2), and Control (T0), namely A. flavus without biological control treatment. The second factor is the application method, which includes the bio-priming (B1) and bio-matrixpriming (B2) methods. Each treatment combination was repeated 4 times, and the number of seeds used was five in each unit. Results: T. harzianum showed the highest inhibitory ability against A. flavus in the in vitro test, namely 49%. Bio-priming treatment containing the active ingredient T. harzianum is the best treatment for increasing peanut germination by 95%. Conclusions: The research results showed that bio-priming treatment with the active ingredient T. harzianum increased the germination rate significantly compared to other treatments.