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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Buletin Peternakan Pastura; Journal Of Tropical Forage Science Bionatura Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner UNEJ e-Proceeding Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Toto Toharmat
Department Of Nutrition And Feed Science, Faculty Of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Immunology & microbiology Veterinary Other

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DYNAMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF LATE LACTATION DAIRY GOAT FED PUFADIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH YEAST, C. xanthorrhiza Roxb, and THEIR COMBINATION Asep Sudarman; Endang Sulistyowati; Komang G Wiryawan; Toto Toharmat; Sigit Mujiharjo
UNEJ e-Proceeding Proceeding of International Conference on Food Sovereignty and Sustainable Agriculture (FoSSA) 2017
Publisher : UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember

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Abstract

This article is a dynamics synthesis of milk production data of dairy goat fed diet containingconcentrate supplemented with PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid), yeast and curcuma. Twenty (20) dairy goats of Ettawa crossbred in late lactation phage were grouped into fiveof four goats to receive five treatments in in Randomized Complete Block design. Thetreatments were no supplement (PD0), 3 tablets of Asifit (PDA), 5g/d yeast (PDY), 20g/dcurcuma (PDC), and a mix of 5g/d yeast and 20g/d curcuma (PDM). The concentratecontained of PUFA sources (roasted ground corn, roasted soy bean meal, and corn oil),soybean by-product; roughage provided was King Grass. Milk yield was recorded daily, pre,treatment, and post then calculated all the way from pre to post treatment. Milk yield werehigher significantly (P<0.05) in PDA (538.7 g/d) and PDY (522.3g/d) compared to PD0(336.3g/d), PDC (322.3g/d) and PDM (392.0g/d). Average temperature and relativehumidity in the farm were 26.94 ± 2.280 C and 78.83 ± 7.34 %. Yeast supplementation eithersolely or in combination with curcuma is considered better in milk production dynamics inpre, treatment, post.
Total Digestible Nutrient of Diet Containing PUFA- Concentrate Supplemented with Yeast and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb for Dairy Goat Endang Sulistyowati; Asep Sudarman; Komang G. Wiryawan; Toto Toharmat
Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Vol 9, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31186/jspi.id.9.2.110-116

Abstract

 ABSTRAKPenelitian ini didisain untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan nutrisi, dinyatakan dalam TDN, dari ransum yang mengandung PUFA konsentrat yang disuplementasi yeast dan Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb pada kambing perah.  Dua puluh ekor kambing Peranakan Ettawah (PE) pada fase laktasi akhir dialokasikan kedalam 6 perlakuan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok.  Perlakuan tersebut adalah: PD0: PUFA-diet tanpa suplemen, PDA: dengan Asifit, PDY: dengan 0,5% yeast, PDC: dengan 2% curcuma, dan PDM: dengan 0,5% yeast + 2% curcuma.  Ransum- PUFA terdiri atas 80% PUFA- konsentrat sebagai ransum dasar dan 20% rumput gajah.   Sumber PUFA terdiri atas jagung giling sangrai, tepung kedelai sangrai, dan minyak jagung.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa  konsumsi  DM, OM, CP, CF, NFE, ADF, dan GE tidak terpengaruh oleh perlakuan.  Namun, EE dan NDF  antarperlakuan berbeda  signifikan (P<0.05), sedang Ca dan P  berbeda sangat signifikan (P<0.01).  Kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi (DM, OM, CP, EE, CF, NDF, and GE)  ditemukan di feces pada kambing dengan perlakuan Curcuma (PDC), konsekuensinya adalah kecernaan nutrisinya secara signifikan (P<0.05) atau sangat signifikan (P<0.01) terendah.  Total digestible nutrient (TDN) dari  PDY dan PDM secara signifikan tinggi (79,89% dan 79,37%) disbanding ransum lainnya, terendah pada PDC (69,94%).  Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa yeast atau ragi dengan konsentrasi 1,8 108cfu/d baik disuplementasikan tunggal atau dikombinasi dengan 2% Curcuma dapat dikatakan sebagai kandungan yang tepat untuk memperbaiki kecernaan nutrisi pada kambing perah dengan laktasi akhir pada penelitian ini.Kata kunci: curcuma, kambing perah,  PUFA-diet, TDN, yeast
Fermentabilitas Rumen dan Kecernaan In Vitro Ransum yang Disuplementasi Kulit Buah Kopi Produk Fermentasi Jamur Pleurotus ostreatus Irma Badarina; Dwierra Evvyernie; Toto Toharmat Toharmat; Elis Nina Herliyana
Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Vol 9, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31186/jspi.id.9.2.102-109

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi kulit buah kopi yang telah difermentasi jamur Pleurotus ostreatussebagai pakan suplemen secara in vitro berupa tingkat fermentabilitas dalam rumen dan kecernaan bahan kering serta bahan organik ransum. Kulit buah kopi produk biokonversi ditambahkan ke dalam ransum konsentrat sebanyak 0%(R0), 2%(R2), 4%(R4) dan 6%(R6) dari total bahan kering ransum. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan tiga sumber cairan rumen kambing sebagai blok dan level pemakaian kulit buah kopi dalam ransum sebagai perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pH rumen dan NH3-N. Nilai rerata pH rumen dalam penelitian ini berada dalam kisaran normal. Suplementasi sampai level tertinggi (6%) tidak mengganggu metabolisme protein dalam rumen. Kadar VFA nyata menurun pada ransum yang disuplementasi dibandingkan ransum kontrol, dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dalam produksi VFA diantara ransum yang disuplementasi. Produksi VFA berada dalam kisaran normal. Perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap populasi mikrobia rumen (protozoa dan bakteri). Hal ini memberikan indikasi bahwa suplementasi kulit buah kopi produk biokonversi sampai level 6% tidak membahayakan kehidupan mikroba rumen. Kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik ransum yang disuplementasi menurun dibandingkan ransum kontrol. Level 6% penambahan di dalam ransum, kecernaan masih dikategorikan baik.Kata Kunci : Kulit buah kopi, P.ostreatus, fermentabilitas, kecernaan, rumen
KONDISI FISIOLOGIS, PROFIL DARAH DAN STATUS MINERAL PADA INDUK DAN ANAK KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH (PE) (Physiological Conditions, Blood Profile and Mineral Statues of Kid and Doe Etawah Crossbred) Ella Rosita; Idat Galih Permana; Toto Toharmat; Despal Despal
Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak Vol. 13 No. 1 (2015): BULETIN MAKANAN TERNAK
Publisher : Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak

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Abstract

Peranakan Etawah goat (PE) is one of dairy goats type which are developed in Indonesia for them well adapted to Indonesian climate. The pregnant doe and kid goat require higher nutrients making it more susceptible to health problems. This study aimed to learn the health statues of pregnant doe and kid goat Etawah Crossbred that rise in farm through the physiological condition, blood profile, and the minerals calcium and phosphorus statues. This study used 12 pregnant does and 11 kid goat. The results showed that calcium (143.03 and 0.11 ppm) and phosphorus (161.45 and 0.24 ppm) contents in pregnant doe blood was lower than the kid. Physiological condition in pregnant doe was normal range, but the blood profile of kid goat was higher than the parent. It is concluded that kid goat’s health statues was not better than the parent when viewed from the physiological condition and blood profile, but the mineral content of the kid was better than its parent.Keywords: growth of livestock, minerals elements Ca and P, physiological condition.
Impact of Inoculant Sources on Feed in Vitro Fermentability and Digestibility : Dampak Cairan Rumen Sumber Inokulan pada Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan Pakan secara In Vitro A K Agustina A K Agustina; D Evvyernie; Rika Zahera; I G Permana; Toto Toharmat; S Suryahadi; D Despal
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 18 No. 3 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jintp.18.3.89-94

Abstract

The aim of this research is to compare alternative inoculant source for in vitro rumen fermentation. In the first experiment, inoculant from fistulated cattle kept in LIPI and IPB (Fis1 and Fis2) and inoculant from Bogor municipality abattoir and IPB abattoir (Abo1 and Abo2) were tested for their pH, total bacterial count, and protozoal number using a complete block design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of the inoculant sources was tested on cornmeal (F1), soybean oil meal (F2), Napier grass (F3), and dairy cattle complete ration (F4) fermentability and digestibility including pH, VFA, NH3, IVDMD and IVOMD parameters. The results showed an unsignificant different protozoal number among inoculant sources. The pH of Fis2 rumen liquor was significantly lower (p<0.05) than others. The bacterial population was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Fis2 and Abo2 than Abo1, and Fis1. The inoculant pH after feed fermentability was not influenced by feed type but inoculant source with Fis1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Fis2, Abo2, and Abo1. The ammonia, VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD were influenced by interaction between inoculant sources and feed types. Although inoculant from cattle close to the laboratory (Fis2 and Abo2) were better in term of higher bacterial population, higher fermentability and digestibility for most type of feeds but other sources can be used in vitro study without differences in average fermentability and digestibility results. Key words: abattoir, fermentability, fistula, inoculant, in vitro
Evaluasi Ciri Fisik Media Terfermentasi Jamur Pleurotus ostreotus sebagai Pakan Ternak Alternatif bagi Ruminansia Yulia Riska Azzahra; Toto Toharmat; Iwan Prihantoro
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.27.3.351

Abstract

By-products such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel cake, and sawdust can be used as alternative feed. It contains nutrients needed by ruminants but is constrained by its high crude fiber content, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and is low in protein. This study was conducted to evaluate the physical characteristics of the fermented media from plantation by-products using Pleurotus ostreotus as an alternative to ruminant animal feed. The experimental design was a completely randomized (CRD) with 3'3 factorial patterns with three replications. Factor A was the type of substrate, namely palm kernel cake, EFB, and acacia sawdust. Factor B was the length of fermentation, namely 0, 30, and 60 d. The data collected were analyzed by variance (ANOVA), and the results were significantly different. The observed variables were the mycelium growth rate, media weight, dry matter, organic matter, particle size, specific gravity, pile density, and compacted pile density. We conclude that the fermented sawdust gave the best growth speed of the P. ostreotus mycelia. The palm kernel cake substrate without storage showed good physical quality concerning particle size, pile density, and pile-compaction density. P. ostreotus fungus grew effectively and did not negatively impact the substrates' biomass, dry matter, and organic matter. Different substrate types give different physical characteristics to the P. ostreotus-fermented media. Keywords: acacia, empty fruit bunches, palm kernel cake, fermented media, Pleurotus ostreotus
Bio-processing Plantation by-products with White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to Improve Fermentability and Digestibility Based on Substrate Type and Fermentation Time Yulia Riska Azzahra; Toto Toharmat; Iwan Prihantoro
Buletin Peternakan Vol 46, No 4 (2022): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 46 (4) NOVEMBER 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i4.74574

Abstract

Plantation by-products can be used as livestock feed with proper processing, optimizing the feed efficiency of palm kernel cake (PKC), empty oil palm bunch (EOPB), and acacia sawdust (AS). This study aimed to improve the usability of the byproducts as alternative feed through the Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation process. To this end, a 3×3 factorial, completely randomized design was applied. Factor A was the type of substrate, P1 = PKC, P2 = EOFB and P3 = AS. Factor B was the fermentation period, T1 = 0 d, T2 = 30 d and T3 = 60 d. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significantly different result was further tested using Duncan Test. The observed variables include Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, pH value, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), N-NH 3 , and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The study result showed that P.ostreatus mushroom in various substrate types did not significantly affect the fiber fraction of NDF, ADF, and Hemicellulose. This study also found that the interaction of substrate type and fermentation duration significantly affects dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, N-NH 3 production, and VFA values. This study concluded P. ostreotus increased the nutritional value and digestibility of the by- product from plantation processing. The best fermentation duration was 60 d PKC was found to have the highest digestibility value, and the best interaction was found in PKC with 60 d of fermentation.
Karakteristik Fermentasi Kedelai yang Diperkaya Mineral Zn dengan Rhizopus sp.: Fermentation Characteristics of Soybean Enriched with Zn Minerals Using Rhizopus sp Febriyanti Regina Cahyani; Toto Toharmat; Iwan Prihantoro
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 22 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jintp.22.1.65-71

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) supplementation is needed by livestock to overcome decreased body immunity due to problems with feed quality and environmental stress that affect their productivity levels. This research aims to analyze the fermentation characteristics of Rhizopus sp. on soybeans as a substrate with different levels of Zn mineral and fermentation times. This study uses a complete factorial design with 4 replications. Factor 1 is the Zn mineral level, namely 0, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 ppm. Factor 2 is the fermentation time, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significantly different treatments were further tested with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in the SPSS 25 program. The results of the analysis indicate that Zn levels ≥800 ppm significantly (p<0.05) inhibit mycelium development on the first day of fermentation. Increasing Zn levels significantly (p<0.05) decreases the average acidity level and significantly (p<0.05) increases the substrate ash content, while fermentation time significantly (p<0.05) increases acidity level and decreases biomass, dry matter content, organic matter, and ash content of substrate. Zn level and fermentation time treatments influence the growth and performance of Rhizopus sp. in transforming soybean nutrients. Key words: fermentation, Rhizopus sp., soybean, Zn mineral
The Production Rates Of Pakchong Elephant Grass Based On Different Urea Fertilizer Dosage Levels Cahyani, Febriyanti Regina; Prihantoro, Iwan; Toharmat, Toto
Buletin Peternakan Vol 48, No 4 (2024): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 48 (4) NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v48i4.97709

Abstract

Pakchong elephant grass (PEG) is a super fodder with significant nutritional content and high production levels. The purpose of this research is to quantify the growth and yield of PEG through nitrogen fertilizer engineering with different dosages and repeated fertilization methods. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed in the investigation, with 4 different levels of urea dosage (100; 200; 300; and 400 N kg/ha). And 10 replicates. ANOVA was used to evaluate the data, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was then used to determine whether the treatments were substantially different (P<0.05). The findings demonstrated that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer at dosages of 200–400 N kg/ha was better compared to 100 N kg/ha at the end of maintenance (8 weeks after planting) for the quantity of leaves, leaf length, the height of plant, production of both fresh and dry biomass of PEG. There were no significant effect (P>0.05) in nitrogen fertilizer levels at the end of maintenance (8 weeks after planting) for leaf width, leaf chlorophyll content, stem sugar content, quantity of tillers, and the leaf-to-stem ratio of PEG. The research's conclusion indicates that adding nitrogen fertilizer up to 400 N kg/ha is generally safe and feasible for the growth and production of PEG. A nitrogen fertilizer dosage of 200 N kg/ha is optimal to meet PEG's growth and production needs.
Co-Authors A K Agustina A K Agustina Adawiah . Asep Sudarman Asep Tata Permana Cahyani, Febriyanti Regina Despal Despal Dwierra Evvyernie Elis Nina Herliyana Elizabeth Wina Elizabeth Wina Ella Rosita Endang Sulistyowati Endang Sulistyowati Febriyanti Regina Cahyani I G Permana I Komang Gede Wiryawan Idat Galih Permana Iman Hernaman Irma Badarina Iwan Prihantoro Iwan Prihantoro Jakaria Jakaria Jakaria Jakaria Komang G. Wiryawan Luki Abdullah Nahrowi Nahrowi Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti Putut I. Pudjiono Rika Zahera Rita Mutia Rusli, Ridho Kurniawan S Suryahadi Sigit Mujiharjo Simson Tarigan Suwarno, Suwarno TOHA SUTARDI Wasmen Manalu Widia Astuti Widia Astuti Yulia Riska Azzahra Yulia Riska Azzahra