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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum NOTARIUS LAW REFORM Diponegoro Law Journal International Conference on Law, Business and Governance (ICon-LBG) Diponegoro Law Review Unes Law Review Journal of Judicial Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities Al-Bayyinah Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Nanik Trihastuti
Faculty Of Law, Universitas Diponegoro
Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Religious Norms vs. Global Trade Regulations: An Analysis of the WTO DS477/478 Dispute and Indonesia’s Halal Certification Sutrisno, Andri; Priyono, F.X. Joko; Trihastuti, Nanik; Maulidah, Khilmatin; Wendra, Muhammad
Journal of Judicial Review Vol. 27 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jjr.v27i2.11350

Abstract

This study examines Indonesia’s halal certification as both a legal instrument and an economic policy with direct implications for international trade. Using a normative juridical approach combined with qualitative economic analysis, it explores Law No. 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance (UUJPH) and its application to meat import policies, particularly in the aftermath of WTO disputes DS477/478. Halal certification is framed as a fundamental necessity for Indonesia’s Muslim majority and as a legitimate objective under Article XX(a) of the GATT 1994, which protects public morals. The findings highlight two strategic dimensions of the policy: first, consumer protection and the enforcement of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah through traceable ingredients and production processes; second, its role as an economic tool to enhance product competitiveness, expand international market access, and strengthen Indonesia’s position within the global halal supply chain. However, significant challenges persist. Domestically, limited legal literacy, certification costs, and the constrained capacity of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) hinder certification uptake. Internationally, mandatory halal certification is sometimes perceived as an additional technical barrier to trade, sparking trade disputes. Analysis of GATT 1994 Articles III and XI and TBT Agreement Articles 2.2 and 2.4 underscores the need for Indonesia’s policy to avoid unjustifiable discrimination and unnecessary trade restrictions. The study concludes that harmonizing the protection of public morals with multilateral trade commitments is essential. Policy recommendations include revising the UUJPH to align with international standards, strengthening the Halal Product Assurance Agency’s capacity, providing incentives and support for MSMEs, and expanding mutual recognition agreements with key trading partners. With evidence-based, transparent, and inclusive policies, Indonesia can reinforce its role as a global halal industry hub while safeguarding its trade reputation and balancing religious values with international trade obligations.
Co-Authors Abidin, Nafil Prakoso Amarulah, Mirza Andri Sutrisno Daniel René Kandou Dewandaru, Prasetyo Aryo Diastama Anggita Ramadhan Dzulfiki Muhammad Rizki F. X. Joko Priyono Fifiana Wisnaeni FX Adji Samekto FX. Adji Samekto Grace Novelia Boru Tampubolon, Ombun Hadi Suratman Hananto, Pulung Widhi Hari Joko Priyono Kristiawan, Vissilius Geraldi Maulidah, Khilmatin Mira Novana Ardani Prananda, Rahandy Rizki Priyono, F.X. Joko Putri, Stephanie Apsari Qutub Guntur Darsanto, Sayyid Rahayu, Hesni Ramadhan, Idam Cahaya Rizki, Dzulfiki Muhammad Salawati Mat Basir, Salawati Mat Silviana, S. Siregar, Kathrin Angelika Tirza Gracia Shekinah Hutagaol Tri Laksmi Indreswari Wendra, Muhammad Yeni Erviana Yuaga, Nugraha Endi