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Ernawaty Usman
Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia
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Journal : JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION

 1 
Fluctuation in the Income of Rubber Farmers in Tingkea’o Village: The Contribution of Production Costs and Selling Price Ngkolu, Emilia Margaretha; Paranoan, Selmita; Indriasari, Rahayu; Usman, Ernawaty
Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION
Publisher : LPPM Institut Pendidikan Nusantara Global

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/jige.v7i1.4948

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the contribution of production costs, particularly fertilizer and pesticide costs, as well as the selling price of rubber sap to the income fluctuations of rubber farmers in Tingkea'o Village, North Morowali. Using a quantitative descriptive analysis approach with SEM PLS analysis processed through WarpPLS V.8.0 software. Data were collected from 34 rubber farmers randomly through structured interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The results show that fertilizer and pesticide costs contribute significantly and positively to rubber farmers' income, with path coefficients of 0.419 and 0.342, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Conversely, the selling price has no significant effect (p-value = 0.205). The independent variable model explains 41.5% of the variation in income, with the remainder influenced by other external factors. This study reinforces the farming theory of optimizing production costs to improve farmers' livelihoods, while also revealing the limited influence of selling prices due to market structure and the role of middlemen. The strategic recommendations provided can form the basis for policies to support the development of sustainable rubber farming and improve the welfare of farmers in the region.
Co-Authors Abdul Kahar Abdul Kahar Abdul Pattawe Ade Ainun Ariyanti Adys, Himaya Afdal, Taufik Afifa, Nur Alfrianti, Alda Amelia Fravitasari Todingallo Amirul Afif Fatihah Andi Atirah Asrabiya Ayu, Ni Gusti Betty Buntulabi, Daud Ruranto Cakranegara, Pandu Adi Dzulkifli, Muh Ervina Fadhilla Septiani Fidiatuljana, Fidiatuljana Furqan, Andi Chairil Gayatri, Desak Gilang Yudistira, Fajar Gracia Carolina Yusuf Haryono Pasang Kamase Ingkiriwang, Kristin Natalia Irwan Moridu Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Judijanto, Loso Kiki Berlian Sari Latifah Sukmawati Yuniar Loso Judijanto M. Sahrul Saleh Maharani Maharani, Maharani Maharani, Adinda Manuhutu, Fenty Yoseph Mappanyukki, Andi Mattulada, Andi Meiriani, Niluh Diva Merinda Anisa Muhammad Afdhal S Muhammad Darma Halwi Muhammad Din Muhammad Ikbal Abdullah Muhammad Ilham Pakawaru Muhammad Natsir Muliati Muliati, Muliati Mustafa, Fahrina Mustafa, Riad Mustamin Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Ngkolu, Emilia Margaretha Nina Yusnita Yamin Noy, Ismail Nur Handayani Nurdin, Jurana Nurhayati Haris Nurhayati Haris Nurriskiana Akbar Oktaviani Sultan, Resky Okto Irianto, Okto Purwanti, Dewi Junita Rahayu Indriasari Rais, Nur Triany Ridwan Ridwan, Ridwan Rina Rudy Usman Sediawan, MN Lisan Selmita Paranoan Shakira, Iin Shevti Arbekti Arman Sintiani, Tina Siti Atikah Rahayu Suci Rahmadani, Indah Sugianto Sugianto Sugianto Sugianto Sugianto Sulastri, Ni Luh Suriyadewi, Suriyadewi Sutrisna, I Putu Pari Syafitri, Rahma Tamsir, Anjas Putra Tenripada, Tenripada Usman, Asri Vinny Anggitresia, Thalia Wulandari, Niluh Merthi Yetta, Ahmad Fauzi Yuldi Mile Zalzabila, Putri