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STANDAR PROSEDURAL DAN KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIAN PENYADAPAN DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI Pakpahan, Novritsar Hasitongan; Waskito, Sarwo; Wijaya, Kurnia; Khayru, Rafadi Khan; Saputra, Rio
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i3.866

Abstract

This normative legal study examines the practice of wiretapping as evidence in proving corruption crimes in Indonesia, focusing on proof standards and privacy protection. The research aims to analyze the lawful procedural standards for wiretapping, the position and probative value of wiretapping results as electronic evidence in court, and potential legal disputes arising from its implementation. The study employs a qualitative literature review method, analyzing primary legal materials such as the Corruption Eradication Commission Law, the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, the Criminal Procedure Code, and relevant Constitutional Court decisions. The findings indicate that wiretapping's legality is based on a complex regulatory interaction, requiring strict adherence to procedural standards including a clear legal basis, authority from competent institutions, supervision mechanisms, and proportionality principles. The position of wiretapping results as evidence is recognized under electronic evidence provisions, yet its probative strength is contingent upon factors of legality, integrity, relevance, and adherence to due process. Potential legal disputes encompass challenges to authority, procedural violations, constitutional rights infringements, and technical authenticity, each carrying significant implications for the admissibility of evidence. The study concludes that while wiretapping is a potent tool against corruption, its application must rigorously balance law enforcement objectives with fundamental rights protections within Indonesia's rule of law framework.
KONSTRUKSI, IMPLEMENTASI, DAN MODEL PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK RESIDIVIS TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK Udjari, Hendrianto; Waskito, Sarwo; Wijaya, Kurnia; Mujito, Mujito; Suwito, Suwito
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i3.868

Abstract

This study discusses the construction of formal law, the implementation of law enforcement, and the ideal law enforcement model for recidivist children of theft based on Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System. The formal legal construction affirms child protection through diversion, restorative justice, and coaching mechanisms in Special Children's Development Institutions. Implementation in court shows a balance between repressive and rehabilitative aspects, with judges considering community research and children's right to legal assistance. The ideal law enforcement model emphasizes the integration of child protection, educational penal goals, and the involvement of families and communities in the coaching process. The overall analysis confirms that the child recidivist of theft should be treated as an individual who still has a chance to be corrected, not simply as a perpetrator to be punished.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BURDEN OF PROOF AND THE ROLE OF PSYCHIATRIC REPORTS IN PLEAS OF SELF-DEFENSE AND DURESS Wijaya, Kurnia; Hardyansah, Rommy; Khayru, Rafadi Khan; Waskito, Sarwo; Mujito, Mujito
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i3.870

Abstract

This literature study aims to analyze the construction of the burden of proof and the evidentiary function of psychiatric/psychological reports (visum et repertum) in proving the psychological elements of noodweer (self-defense) and overmacht (force majeure) in Indonesian criminal law. Employing a normative juridical method with a qualitative literature review approach, this research examines primary and secondary legal sources. The findings indicate that the allocation of the burden of proof is not absolute. A layered model is identified: the defendant bears an initial burden to raise a credible allegation supported by prima facie evidence indicating a reasonable possibility of the justifying or excusing circumstance. Once this low threshold is met, the burden shifts to the public prosecutor to disprove the defendant's claim beyond a reasonable doubt. The study further reveals that the visum et repertum, while formally a valid piece of documentary evidence under the Criminal Procedure Code, possesses limited substantive validity in retrospectively determining a defendant's precise mental state at the time of the offense. Its determinative power is persuasive rather than conclusive, heavily dependent on the methodological quality of the examination and the judge's critical ability to assess expert testimony. The study concludes that a balanced and nuanced understanding of this proof mechanism is essential to uphold the presumption of innocence while ensuring a fair trial when psychological defenses are invoked.