Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 30 Documents
Search

Potensi Jamur Parasit Telur Sebagai Agens Hayati Pengendali Nematoda Puru Akar Meloidogyne incognita pada Tanaman Tomat Siwi Indarti; Bambang Rahayu T.P.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15604

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. are sedentary endoparasitic that attacks various economically important plants. Utilization of nematode’s fungal egg parasite as biocontrol agents of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes have a good possibility of potential success to be applied in the field level, because this fungi is able to colonize in and causes damage to eggs as well as female nematodes inside the root. The purpose of this research are to know the parasitism ability of this parasitic fungi to Meloidogyne incognita eggs, and its effects on second stage larvae hatching rate and the development of galls number in the host. The result shows that the parasitic fungi, those of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium genera were able to parasitize root-knot nematode eggs (25.09 to 89.79%), caused root-knot nematode egg hatching to decrease, suppressed the formation of galls, and reduced the population of second stage nematode larvae in the greenhouse.Nematoda puru-akar Meloidogyne spp. adalah nematoda endoparasitik sedentari, bersifat polifag, dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Pemanfaatan jamur parasit telur sebagai agens hayati pengendali nematoda endoparasitik sedentari mempunyai potensi tingkat keberhasilan tinggi untuk diterapkan pada aras lapangan karena mampu mengoloni dan merusak telur maupun stadium nematoda betina yang terlindungi jaringan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan parasitasi isolat-isolat jamur parasit telur terhadap telur nematoda Meloidogyne incognita, dan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat penetasan telur menjadi L-2, serta pembentukan jumlah puru pada tanaman terserang. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa jamur parasit telur yang termasuk genera Tricoderma, Penicillium, Talaromyces, dan Fusarium mampu memarasit telur M. incognita berkisar antara 25,09–89,79%, mengakibatkan penurunan persentase jumlah L-2 nematoda yang bersangkutan, serta menekan pembentukan puru akar pada aplikasi aras rumah kaca.
Obituari: Prof. (Riset) Dr. Ir. Ika Mustika, S.U. Siwi Indarti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17544

Abstract

-
The Effect of Temperature, Potato Varieties, and the Origin of Cyst on the Reproductive Biology of Globodera rostochiensis Nurjanah Nurjanah; Y. Andi Trisyono; Siwi Indarti; Sedyo Hartono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17692

Abstract

Potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis [Wollenweber] Behrens) is a nematode species of worldwide regulatory concern. This nematode caused serious economic of potato losses in Indonesia. This research studied by factorial designed to evaluated the effect of temperature (10, 20, and 30ºC), potato varieties (`Granola´, `Margahayu´, and `Cipanas´), and origin of cyst (West, Central, and East Java) on reproductive biology of G. rostochiensis in the growth chamber. The research was conducted by observed of produced the new cyst number, reproduction fitness, survival, fecundity, and multiplication of G. rostochiensis. The result showed that all of the potato varieties were infected by G. rostochiensis when they were grown at the temperature ranging of 20 and 30ºC but not at 10ºC. The optimum temperature for maximum number of cysts with the highest reproduction factor, survival, fecundity and multiplication rate for all populations was 20ºC. The origin of cyst did not have any effect on the reproductive rate. The temperature of 20ºC provided is best environment for the life of G. rostochiensis on Granola. INTISARINematoda sista kentang (Globodera rostochiensis [Wollenweber] Behrens) adalah spesies nematoda yang mendapatkan perhatian khusus di seluruh dunia. G. rostochiensis menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang serius pada pertanaman kentang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh perbedaan suhu (10, 20, dan 30ºC), varietas kentang (Granola, Cipanas, dan Margahayu), dan asal sista (Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur) terhadap biologi reproduksi G. rostochiensis di growth chamber menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah sista baru, kemampuan reproduksi, daya tahan hidup, keperidian dan multiplikasi G. rostochiensis. Seluruh varietas kentang yang diuji terserang G. rostochiensis pada suhu 20 dan 30ºC kecuali pada suhu 10ºC. Kisaran suhu optimum untuk memperoleh jumlah sista baru yang maksimum dengan kemampuan reproduksi, daya tahan hidup, keperidian dan multiplikasi untuk semua populasi adalah 20ºC. Asal sista tidak berpengaruh terhadap biologi reproduksi yang diteliti. Kentang varietas Granola yang ditanam pada suhu 20ºC merupakan inang yang sesuai untuk kehidupan G. rostochiensis.
Responses of Capsicum annuum Varieties toward Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Infection Resty Islamiati Putri; Siwi Indarti; Ani Widiastuti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.23978

Abstract

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the major vegetable commodities in Indonesia. One of the challenges in chili pepper cultivation is the infection of Meloidogyne incognita which causes gall formation in root systems. The purposes of this research were to determine 1. the response of four varieties of chili pepper against M. incognita infections; 2. damaged intensity caused by this pest in the root system, and; 3. development of M. incognita populations in root systems (rhizosphere). This research was conducted in Plant Pest Science Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gadjah Mada. This research included cultivation of three chili pepper varieties (Cabai Merah Besar, Pilar F1; Cabai Merah Keriting, Kastilo F1; and Paprika, Red Star 2060), rearing of M. incognita, inoculation, and observation. Chili pepper respond to M. incognita infections were evaluated based on agronomic aspects of the plants, such as root histopathology observation, disease intensity, and nematode populations. Results showed that each variety of chili pepper expressed various responses to infections. All varieties had different root weight and length, but had similar sensitivity based on the appearance of root damage and egg mass scoring of M. incognita. Although nematode population could develop on roots, observation from root tissues showed lignification after infection of J2 M. incognita. Chili pepper var. Red Star 2060 was more susceptible against M. incognita than chili pepper var. Pilar F1 and chili pepper var. Kastilo F1.
Potato Cyst Nematode in East Java: Newly Infected Areas and Identification Happy Cahya Nugrahana; Siwi Indarti; Edhi Martono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.25498

Abstract

Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis has noted to be a devastated pest on potato in Indonesia. It is listed as the A2 pest by Plant Quarantine of Republik Indonesia, and it was also being a highly concerned plant parasitic nematode species worlwide. Therefore, both intensive and extensive surveys should be done to monitor the spread of PCN, especially in East Java as one of the centre of potato plantations in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to study the distribution of PCN in four potato plantations in East Java, i.e. Batu, Magetan, Probolinggo, and Pasuruan which were located between 1,205 to 2,063 m above the sea level. Extraction and isolation of cysts from soil samples was done using Baunacke method, and it was followed by identification of the nematodes using morphological and molecular approaches according to Baldwin and Mundo-Ocampo. The results showed that PCN was found on all sampling sites, i.e. Batu (Sumber Brantas, Jurang Kuali, Tunggangan, Junggo, Brakseng); Magetan (Dadi, Sarangan, Singolangu); Probolinggo (Tukul, Pandansari, Ledokombo, Sumberanom, Wonokerto, Ngadas), Pasuruan (Wonokerto, Tosari, Ledoksari, Ngadiwono). Magetan and Pasuruan were noted as new infested areas in East Java. Both morphological and molecular methods showed that the species found on all sites was Globodera rostochiensis. IntisariNematoda Sista Kentang (NSK), Globodera rostochiensis telah tercatat sebagai hama yang menghancurkan tanaman kentang di Indonesia. NSK terdaftar sebagai Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina golongan A2 oleh Badan Karantina Pertanian Republik Indonesia, dan juga merupakan spesies nematoda parasit tanaman yang sangat merugikan di seluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, baik survei intensif maupun ekstensif harus dilakukan untuk memantau penyebaran NSK, terutama di Jawa Timur sebagai salah satu sentra tanaman kentang di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari distribusi NSK pada empat daerah sentra penanaman kentang di Jawa Timur, yaitu Batu, Magetan, Probolinggo, dan Pasuruan yang terletak antara 1.205 sampai 2.063 m di atas permukaan laut. Ekstraksi dan isolasi sista NSK dari sampel tanah dilakukan dengan metode Baunacke, dan dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menurut Baldwin dan Mundo-Ocampo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NSK ditemukan di semua lokasi pengambilan sampel, yaitu Batu (Sumber Brantas, Jurang Kuali, Tunggangan, Junggo, Brakseng); Magetan (Dadi, Sarangan, Singolangu); Probolinggo (Tukul, Pandansari, Ledokombo, Sumberanom, Wonokerto, Ngadas), Pasuruan (Wonokerto, Tosari, Ledoksari, Ngadiwono). Magetan dan Pasuruan tercatat sebagai daerah sebaran baru di Jawa Timur. Hasil identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa spesies yang ditemukan di semua lokasi adalah Globodera rostochiensis.
Insect Quarantine Status in Association with Imported Commodities from Timor Leste Passed through Agricultural Quarantine Ware of Mota'ain-District of Belu Astuti Handayani; Fransiscus Xaverius Wagiman; Siwi Indarti; Suputa Suputa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.25885

Abstract

Timor Leste is one of the exporting countries of agricultural products to Indonesia via the Mota'ain-Belu Regency cross-border. Imported commodities from the country may constitute those which are possible as Pest Quarantine (PQ) carrier media into Indonesia. The status of insect quarantine associated with imported commodities has been studied. Sampling of imported commodities both as open trucks shipments and toted passenger bags are done based on the Agricultural Quarantine Product Sampling Guidelines using the Non-Statistic method (convenience). Samples of commodities in the form seeds or grains were taken as much as 250 grams, while other forms were taken as much as 500 grams. For this study, 40 sample units were taken from seven commodities. The commodity samples were stored for 30 days at the laboratory of Agricultural Quarantine office in Kupang, as most life cycle of postharvest insects ranges from 3 to 5 weeks. Specimens of the infecting insects were identified and their quarantine status were determined. The results showed that there were eight different insects species found in association with six kinds of commodities, while in one sample of rice no insect was found. In robusta coffee the insects found were Necrobia rufipes, Hypothenemus hampei, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and Pyralis manihotalis. In arabica coffee we found H. hampei, and C. ferrugineus. In copra, there were N. rufipes, and Carpophilus dimidiatus. In red beans, there were Callosobruchus chinensis. In mixed red beans, peanuts, and soybeans C. chinensis, C. dimidiatus, and Sitophilus oryzae were found, and in the candlenut there were Oryzaephylus surrinamensis, and C. dimidiatus. All of the insects found in the examined commodities had plant pests status. The highest number of insects associated with the examined commodities from 40 sample units were H. hampei insects found in arabica coffee, which were 62.3 individuals. N. rufipes insects in copra commodity samples appeared on the 25th day after sampling, which meant they were the fastest among other insects.
Optimalization of Temperature to Control Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) on Nutmeg Dwi Rachmanto; Fransiscus Xaverius Wagiman; Siwi Indarti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 22, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.26014

Abstract

The exported nutmeg of Indonesia is frequently affected by the coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), so that it should be fumigated prior to export. CH3Br is an effective fumigant as quarantine measure for export products for 24 h, but this fumigant has been prohibited. Therefore, air temperature treatment is one of the alternative strategies. This research was aimed to determine the optimum air temperature in controlling A. fasciculatus on nutmeg. Healthy nutmeg, infected and A. fasciculatus-containing nutmeg, as well as individual adults of A. fasciculatus were treated with air temperature of 30−70°C for 1−24 h. The optimum air temperature was the lowest temperature which could kill 100% of examined insects. The results showed that 100% mortality of A. fasciculatus adults outside nutmeg occurred at air temperature of 45°C for 12 h or 50°C for 6 h. Meanwhile, 100% mortality of life stadium of A. fasciculatus inside nutmeg happened at air temperature of 55°C for 24 h. The raising of air temperature at 30−50°C for 24 h decreased the water content of nutmeg from 5.59±0.25 to 3.79±0.24%. The increment of temperature from 50 to 55°C for 24 h reduced the weight of nutmeg from 5.20±0.72 to 5.04±0.70 g. Air temperature treatment at 45−50°C for 12−24 h could eliminate adults of A. fasciculatus on exported nutmeg and air temperature of 55°C for 24 h could remove all life stadia of A. fasciculatus within nutmeg. IntisariBiji pala ekspor Indonesia sering diserang oleh kumbang bubuk biji kopi, Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), sehingga harus difumigasi sebelum diekspor. Tindakan karantina pada produk ekspor yang sering menggunakan CH3Br efektif selama 24 jam, namun fumigan ini sudah dilarang. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan suhu udara merupakan salah satu alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu udara optimal untuk mengendalikan A. fasciculatus pada biji pala. Biji pala yang sehat, biji pala yang terserang dan berisi serangga A. fasciculatus serta imago A. fasciculatus diperlakukan dengan suhu udara 30−70°C selama 1−24 jam. Suhu udara optimal yaitu suhu terendah yang dapat membunuh 100% serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 100% mortalitas imago A. fasciculatus di luar biji pala terjadi pada suhu udara 45°C selama 12 jam atau 50°C selama 6 jam. Sementara itu, mortalitas 100% stadia hidup A. fasciculatus di dalam biji pala terjadi pada suhu udara 55°C selama 24 jam. Kenaikan suhu udara 30−50°C selama 24 jam menurunkan kadar air biji pala dari 5,59±0,25 menjadi 3,79±0,24%. Peningkatan suhu dari 50 menjadi 55°C selama 24 jam menurunkan berat biji pala dari 5,20±0,72 menjadi 5,04±0,70 g. Perlakuan suhu udara 45−50°C selama 12−24 jam dapat mengeliminasi imago A. fasciculatus pada biji pala ekspor dan suhu udara 55°C selama 24 jam dapat mengeliminasi semua stadia hidup A. fasciculatus di dalam biji pala.
Plant Parasitic Nematode Abundance and Diversity in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivation at Various Altitudes in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Khairunnisa Lubis; Siwi Indarti; Nugroho Susetya Putra
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 25, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.26018

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the causes of yield loss in potato cultivation. Currently, information on the diversity, abundance, and dominance of potato parasitic nematode genera is not available. This research aimed to determine the pattern of distribution, abundance, and dominance of parasitic nematode genera on potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts at various altitudes i.e.: 1,250–1,500; 1,500–1,750; 1,750–2,000; and 2,000–2,250 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.). Soil rhizosphere and root samples were collected, and nematodes were extracted using the Whitehead tray modification technique. The nematodes were adjusted with Formalin Acetic acid Alchohol (FAA), mounted, and identified based on morphological characters. The diversity index was determined to distinguish plant-parasitic nematode diversity. Six genera of potato plant-parasitic nematodes were found, namely Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, Globodera, Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, and Xiphinema. The highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes was found at 1,250–1,500 m.a.s.l. from both root and soil samples. The nematode populations were 56.67 nematodes/5 g root and 103.33 nematodes/100 g of soil. The abundance of parasitic nematodes did not differ significantly among different altitudes in both districts. The dominant parasitic nematodes in soil samples were Meloidogyne with 16.78%, while Globodera was 13.98%. The Shannon-Wiener index implied that the diversity of parasitic nematodes of potato plants and stability of community in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts were categorized as low.
First Record: A Stem and Bulb Plant Parasitic Nematode at Garlic Area Centre Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia with Species Reference to Ditylenchus dipsaci Siwi Indarti; Arif Wibowo; Siti Subandiyah; Miftahul Ajri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 22, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.35321

Abstract

A survey to investigate the stem and bulb plant parasitic nematode at one of garlic area centre, in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia was conducted  from Januaryto February 2018. Infected plant with specific symptoms, morphological and morphometric characters both of female and male of adult nematodes were used  to describe  a A1 quarantine plant parasitic nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Seven from nine observed locations were postively infected with population in average 2.67 nematodes per 100 g of soil and 2.67–189.33 per bulb. This is the first report of D. dipsaci from Indonesia and  consequently further investigations were needed to know their distribution and also to confirm the origin of the nematode. IntisariSurvei keberadaan nematoda parasit batang dan umbi dilakukan pada bulan Januari–Februari 2018 pada satu sentra penangkaran bawang putih di Temanggung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Tanaman terinfeksi dengan gejala serangan yang spesifik, karakter morfologi dan morfometri nematoda betina dan jantan dewasa dipergunakan dalam identifikasi Ditylenchus dipsaci yang merupakan nematoda parasit tanaman yang termasuk OPTK A1 (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Karantina A1) di Indonesia. Sebanyak tujuh dari sembilan lokasi yang diamati mengindikasikan positif sebagai daerah sebaran nematoda tersebut dengan populasi rata-rata 2,67 ekor per 100 gram tanah dan 2,67–189,33 nematoda per umbi. Laporan pertama tentang nematoda D. dipsaci ini membawa konsekuensi perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui daerah sebaran dan juga konfirmasi dari mana nematoda tersebut berasal.
Analysis of Volatile Compound at Different Age of Corn Crops Used as Bemisia tabaci Repellent Retno Wikan Tyasningsiwi; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Siwi Indarti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.35954

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is one of the red chili pests that plays a role as a Begomovirus vector. This vector can be controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. One of the potential practices is by utilizing corn as a barrier crop to prevent the vector from attacking the main crop. The aim of this research was to examine the repellence activity of the volatile compound obtained from various ages of corn crop against B. tabaci. The volatile compound was collected from the corns at 4 week after planting (WAP), 6 WAP, 8 WAP, 10 WAP, and 12 WAP. Volatile compound capture device was designed with two solvents, i.e. hexane and ethanol, then the volatile compound analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). B. tabaci repellency against volatile compound was examined using Y-tube olfactometer. Each treatment was employed with 5 replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with 95% and further analyzed by Least Significant Different (LSD). The parameter observed was the total of B. tabaci avoided the volatile compound tested until half of the control olfactometer arm. The results showed that all ages of the corn produced repellent compound and the most optimal were corn aged 12 WAP with repellency rate of 83.72%. GC-MS analysis identified the volatile compound were citronella, limonene, β-phellandrene, β-caryophyllene, 1.8 cineole, farnesol, caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol.