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Pengendalian Hayati Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella) Menggunakan Semut Hitam (Dolichoderus thoracicus): Biological Control of Cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) Using Black Ant (Dolichoderus thoracicus) Mihwan Sataral; Hendra Heri Robika; Zaedar A Masese
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi kakao yaitu serangan hama penggerek buah kakao. Semut hitam (Dolichoderus thoracicus) diketahui sebagai agen hayati pengendali hama penggerek buah kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kemampuan memangsa semut hitam pada larva penggerek buah kakao, dan menghitung persentase larva penggerek buah kakao yang dimangsa serta mengukur potensi semut hitam sebagai agen hayati penggerek buah kakao. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Desa Jaya Makmur Kecamatan Nuhon Kabupaten Banggai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, dengan masing-masing perlakuan sebagai berikut : P1 (20 larva:10 predator), P2 (20 larva:15 predator), P3 (20 larva:20 predator), P4 (20 larva:25 predator), P5 (20 larva:30 predator), P6 (20 larva:35 predator). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan semut hitam pada larva penggerek buah kakaoSalah satu faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi kakao yaitu serangan hama penggerek buah kakao. Semut hitam (Dolichoderus thoracicus) diketahui sebagai agen hayati pengendali hama penggerek buah kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kemampuan memangsa semut hitam pada larva penggerek buah kakao, dan menghitung persentase larva penggerek buah kakao yang dimangsa serta mengukur potensi semut hitam sebagai agen hayati penggerek buah kakao. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Desa Jaya Makmur Kecamatan Nuhon Kabupaten Banggai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, dengan masing-masing perlakuan sebagai berikut : P1 (20 larva:10 predator), P2 (20 larva:15 predator), P3 (20 larva:20 predator), P4 (20 larva:25 predator), P5 (20 larva:30 predator), P6 (20 larva:35 predator). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan semut hitam pada larva penggerek buah kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap larva penggerek buah kakao. Jumlah larva penggerek yang dimangsa tertinggi pada perlakuan P6 (20 larva:35 predator) dua minggu setelah aplikasi dengan nilai rata-rata 16,3 kemudian satu minggu setelah aplikasi dengan nilai rata-rata 14,3. Persentase jumlah larva penggerek yang dimangsa tertinggi pada perlakuan P6 yaitu 81% pada saat dua minggu setelah aplikasi dan 0,71% pada saat satu minggu setelah aplikasi. (Conopomorpha cramerella) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap larva penggerek buah kakao. Jumlah larva penggerek yang dimangsa tertinggi pada perlakuan P6 (20 larva:35 predator) dua minggu setelah aplikasi dengan nilai rata-rata 16,3 kemudian satu minggu setelah aplikasi dengan nilai rata-rata 14,3. Persentase jumlah larva penggerek yang dimangsa tertinggi pada perlakuan P6 yaitu 81% pada saat dua minggu setelah aplikasi dan 0,71% pada saat satu minggu setelah aplikasi. One of the factors that caused the decline in cocoa production was the attack of cocoa pod borer. Black ants (Dolichoderus thoracicus) are known to be biological agents to control cocoa pod borer. This study aims to calculated the ability to prey on black ants in the cocoa pod borer larvae, the percentage of cocoa pod borer larvae that are eaten and to measured the potential of black ants as biological agents of cocoa pod borer. This research was conducted in Jaya Makmur Village, Nuhon District, Banggai Regency. The research used a completely randomized design consisted of 6 treatments and 3 replications, with each treatment as follows : P1 (20 larvae: 10 predators), P2 (20 larvae: 15 predators), P3 (20 larvae: 20 predators), P4 (20 larvae: 25 predators), P5 (20 larvae: 30 predators), and P6 (20 larvae : 35 predators). The results showed that the treatment of black ants on cocoa pod borer larvae (Conopomorpha cramerella) had a very significant effected on the cocoa pod borer larvae. The highest number of dead borer larvae was in the P6 treatment (20 larvae: 35 predators) two weeks after application with an average value of 16.3 then one week after application with an average value of 14.3. The highest percentage of borer larvae preyed on the P6 treatment was 81% at two weeks after application and 0.71% at one week after application.

Status of Soil Fertility on Rice Fields in Mekarjaya Village, West Toili District Irvan Ndekano; Mihwan Sataral; Hidayat Arismunandar Katili; Moh. Zulfajrin
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui status kesuburan tanah pada lahanpadi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Toili Barat.Penelitian ini berlansung dari bulan Juli sampai September 2020. Metode yangdigunakan yaitu Survei Eksploratif-Deskriptif, dimana pemilihan areal pewakilsampel tanah diambil 4 fase berdasarkan lamanya tahun pengolahan sawahyaitu 1, 10, 20, dan 30 tahun. Interpretasi data hasil uji tanah ditabulasikanmenurut waktu pengolahan sawah dalam bentuk tabel sesuai kriteria penilaianhasil analisis tanah. Selanjutnya evaluasi status kesuburan tanah dilakukanmenggunakan kriteria dari Pusat Penelitian Tanah. Hasil Penelitianmenunjukkan tingkat status kesuburan tanah lahan sawah 1 tahun, 10 tahun, 20tahun dan 30 tahun di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Toili Barat berstatus rendahyang dipengaruhi kandungan P2O5 tersedia tanah dan C-organik tanah yangrendah. Selanjutnya pengolahan lahan padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) DesaMekarjaya, perlu adanya penambahan bahan organik serta pupuk posfor untukmeningkatkan status kesuburan tanahnya.

Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dengan Kompos Kotoran Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Mihwan Sataral; Esnince Tingakene; Nurmasyitah Mambuhu
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Tanaman bawang merah membutuhkan unsur hara dalam jumlah yang cukup, khususnya unsur hara makro seperti nitrogen dan lain-lain yang dapat dilakukan dengan pengaplikasian kompos kotoran ayam dan pupuk NPK dengan dosis dan frekuensi pemberian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlakuan terbaik kombinasi pupuk NPK dengan kompos kotoran ayam pada pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah (Allium ascolanicum L.) dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial. Masing-masing perlakuan di ulang 3 kali, sehingga semuanya ada 18 perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan tinggi daun bawang merah (P6) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah pada minggu ke 2 – 6 MST. Perlakuan jumlah daun tanaman bawang merah (P5) berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bawang merah pada minggu ke 5 MST, berpengaruh sangat nyata pada minggu ke 6 MST. Sedangkan untuk masing-masing perlakuan pada minggu 2, 3 dan 4 MST tidak berpengaruh nyata.

Growth and yield of rice fields with posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system I Ketut Suweta; Hertasning Yatim; Mihwan Sataral
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Posbidik compost is an innovative product that is expected to solve the scarcity of subsidized fertilizers for farmers. The principle of the jajar legowo planting system is to increase plant population and lowland rice production. This study aimed to determine the influence of posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system on the growth and yield of Ciherang rice varieties. This study was conducted on irrigation paddy fields owned by farmers in West Toili District, Banggai Regency, in August-December 2020. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors, namely posbidik compost consisting of 3 levels, namely: K1 = 5 tons/ha; K2 = 7.5 tons/ha; K3 = 10 tons / ha, and planting system legowo 2:1 line consisting of 3 levels, namely: L1 = 20 x 10 x 40 cm; L2 = 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm; L3 = 30 x 15 x 60 cm. The results showed that the interaction of posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system does not affect the plant height; however, it affects the number of productive tillers, the weight of 1000 grains and productivity. The results showed that the best performance of the yield rice in the treatments of 7.5 tons/ha posbidik dose with planting space of 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm.

Soil fertility status and land suitability evaluation for rice crops on former shrimp ponds: Soil fertility status and land evaluation assessment Ripaldi S. Sabudu; Moh Zulfajrin; Mihwan Sataral; Hidayat Arismunandar Katili; Herwin Yatim
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Undertaking suitable land, including former shrimp ponds for rice, is required to cope with future rice shortages. The purpose of this study was to identify the soil morphology and physicochemical properties, determine soil fertility status and assess irrigated rice suitability of ex-shrimp ponds. Soil morpho-physicochemical properties such as soil color, structure, texture, pH, organic-C, P2O5, K2O, base saturation, and cation exchange capacity were determined. The resulting data was then matched into the criteria for BSCR and SLAN/CCDS, five major soil fertility criteria, and ICALRRD land suitability. Soil physiographical, morphological, and physicochemical analysis suggested that the soil developed from the alluvial site of calcareous-marl parent material located at saturated backswamp, then permanently drained. ESP, SAR, and salinity values were detected relatively lower than saline, sodic, and saline-sodic soil. The entire cations fell below BCSR ideal ratios, whereas all exchangeable K were detected below the CCDS/SLAN thresholds. Actual suitability for land units of A, B, and C were S3-rc,na, S3-na and S3-rc,nr,na,eh, respectively. The improvement such as fertilization, amelioration, slope flattening/cut-filling, and irrigation management increases all land units to S1. This study pinpointed the importance of former shrimp pond soil to provide suitable land for rice crop cultivation. Also, encouraging further research to identify the origin of alluvial parent material from the soil at the study site

Land Potential for Cacao (Theobroma cacao. L) Development in Banggai Regency: Land potential for cocoa development in Banggai Regency Muh.Zamalluddin M Stibis; Mihwan Sataral; Dian Puspapratiwi
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Seeing the bright prospects of cacao plants with the available land potential in Banggai Regency, it is necessary to assess land suitability in the development of cacao plants to know the actual potential land suitability level and the limiting factors that affect the potential for cacao plant development, apart from that it can optimize land use in the area, Banggai Regency. The approach used as an indicator for determining the land suitability class for cacao plantations in Banggai Regency is to take an FAO parametric index land quality based on land characteristics that match the requirements for land use for cacao plants, then tabulated into land map units. The results show that the actual land suitability class of Banggai Regency is N = not suitable and S3 = marginally suitable, with the limiting factor of water availability, root media, nutrient retention, available nutrients, and erosion hazard. So that land improvement efforts are needed to increase the land suitability class by considering the existing potential. Improvement efforts that can be done include adding lime, fertilizer, and organic matter, making mound terraces, bench terraces, credit terraces, and erosion-retaining plants. So that the results of the potential land suitability class are S1 = very suitable, S2 = suitable, S3 = marginally suitable, with an area of land that can be developed for cacao plants in Banggai Regency, namely 419,236.9 ha.

Land Potential for Cacao (Theobroma cacao. L) Development in Banggai Regency: Land potential for cocoa development in Banggai Regency Muh.Zamalluddin M Stibis; Mihwan Sataral; Dian Puspapratiwi
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Seeing the bright prospects of cacao plants with the available land potential in Banggai Regency, it is necessary to assess land suitability in the development of cacao plants to know the actual potential land suitability level and the limiting factors that affect the potential for cacao plant development, apart from that it can optimize land use in the area, Banggai Regency. The approach used as an indicator for determining the land suitability class for cacao plantations in Banggai Regency is to take an FAO parametric index land quality based on land characteristics that match the requirements for land use for cacao plants, then tabulated into land map units. The results show that the actual land suitability class of Banggai Regency is N = not suitable and S3 = marginally suitable, with the limiting factor of water availability, root media, nutrient retention, available nutrients, and erosion hazard. So that land improvement efforts are needed to increase the land suitability class by considering the existing potential. Improvement efforts that can be done include adding lime, fertilizer, and organic matter, making mound terraces, bench terraces, credit terraces, and erosion-retaining plants. So that the results of the potential land suitability class are S1 = very suitable, S2 = suitable, S3 = marginally suitable, with an area of land that can be developed for cacao plants in Banggai Regency, namely 419,236.9 ha.

Land Potential for Cacao (Theobroma cacao. L) Development in Banggai Regency: Land potential for cocoa development in Banggai Regency Muh.Zamalluddin M Stibis; Mihwan Sataral; Dian Puspapratiwi
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Seeing the bright prospects of cacao plants with the available land potential in Banggai Regency, it is necessary to assess land suitability in the development of cacao plants to know the actual potential land suitability level and the limiting factors that affect the potential for cacao plant development, apart from that it can optimize land use in the area, Banggai Regency. The approach used as an indicator for determining the land suitability class for cacao plantations in Banggai Regency is to take an FAO parametric index land quality based on land characteristics that match the requirements for land use for cacao plants, then tabulated into land map units. The results show that the actual land suitability class of Banggai Regency is N = not suitable and S3 = marginally suitable, with the limiting factor of water availability, root media, nutrient retention, available nutrients, and erosion hazard. So that land improvement efforts are needed to increase the land suitability class by considering the existing potential. Improvement efforts that can be done include adding lime, fertilizer, and organic matter, making mound terraces, bench terraces, credit terraces, and erosion-retaining plants. So that the results of the potential land suitability class are S1 = very suitable, S2 = suitable, S3 = marginally suitable, with an area of land that can be developed for cacao plants in Banggai Regency, namely 419,236.9 ha.

Diversity of insect flower visitors of cayenne pepper in agricultural landscapes, Banggai, Central Sulawesi Pramoto Alingan; Mihwan Sataral; Agmal Qodri
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

The existence of semi-natural habitats around agricultural land has the potential to support ecosystem services by providing resources for beneficial insects. The study aimed to analyze the abundance, diversity index, and evenness of the insects visiting cayenne flowers. This research was carried out in cayenne cultivation areas in the Banggai Regency. Sampling locations were divided into two categories: cayenne fields close to and far from forests or semi-natural habitats. Insect collection was carried out from June 2022 to August 2022, in the morning and evening, using insect nets. The results showed that 16 families and 52 cayenne flower-visiting insects were identified. Lasioglossum sp.3, Lasioglossum sp.5, Megachile sp.2, ?Parancistrocerus sp. and Rhynchium sp. have a higher abundance than the others. The highest Shannon and Wiener diversity index was found in cayenne fields in Tolisu Village (H'= 2.491), Mansahang (H'= 2.216), Salodik (H'= 2.145), and the lowest in cayenne fields in Kembang Merta Village (H'= 1.211), Dale-Dale (H'= 1.112 ), and Beringin Jaya (H'= 1.149 ). The highest evenness index (E) was found in the fields in Lembah Makmur Village (E= 0.9721) and Mansahang (E= 0.9172), and the lowest was found in cayenne fields in Petak Village (E= 0.3975) and Lenyek (E= 0.4405). The highest species richness was found in cayenne fields in Tolisu (14 species), Salodik (14 species), and Petak (12 species). Cayenne fields in the three villages are close to semi-natural habitats. Our findings show that agricultural land adjacent to semi-natural habitats has increased the species richness of cayenne flower visitor insects. Thus, semi-natural habitats are critical to sustaining insect communities in agricultural landscapes.

Potential of various trap crops for the control of Bemisia tabaci on chilli pepper Mihwan Sataral; Syahril Daud; Fahri; Maria Hevianti
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an important pest of chilli peppers and a vector insect that causes yellow leaf disease. This study aimed to compare the whitefly population and the intensity of its attacks on chilli production in plots with or without trap crops. This study used eggplant, tomato and mungbean as trap crops. As the main crop, Chilli pepper was planted in plots measuring 7 m x 4 m with a spacing of 60 cm x 70 cm. Trap crops were planted around the chilli pepper plots, with 16 plants in each plot. The results showed a significant difference between whitefly populations and the intensity of their attacks in plots without trap crops and plots with mungbean traps. The biggest chilli weight was obtained from plots with mungbean trap plants. State that mungbean has the best potential as a trap crop to control B. tabaci.

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