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Enhancing system integrity with Merkle tree: efficient hybrid cryptography using RSA and AES in hash chain systems Fauzi, Irza Nur; Farikhin, Farikhin; Jie, Ferry
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5679-5689

Abstract

An analysis is conducted to address the growing threats of data theft and unauthorized manipulation in digital transactions by integrating \structures within hash chain systems using hybrid cryptography techniques, specifically Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms. This approach leverages AES for efficient symmetric data encryption and RSA for secure key exchanges, while the hash chain framework ensures that each data block is cryptographically linked to its predecessor, reinforcing system integrity. The Merkle tree structure plays a crucial role by allowing precise and rapid detection of unauthorized data changes. Empirical analyses demonstrate notable improvements in both the efficiency of cryptographic processes and the robustness of data validation, underscoring the method’s applicability in high data throughput environments such as educational institutions. This research makes a substantive contribution to information security by offering a sophisticated solution that strengthens data protection practices, ensuring greater resilience against increasingly sophisticated data threats.
The Effect of Withering Methods on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Liberica Coffee Leaf Tea (Coffea liberica) Surhaini, Surhaini; Indriyani, Indriyani; Suseno, Rahayu; Rinaldi, Rinaldi; Jie, Ferry; Wazzan, Huda
Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Volume 9 Number 1, December 2025 |IFSTJ|
Publisher : Department of Technology of Agricultural product (THP) Jambi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/ifstj.v9i1.46868

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different withering methods on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Liberica coffee leaf tea (Coffea liberica) and to identify the optimal treatment. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five withering treatments, including no withering, room temperature withering for 10 h, air withering for 10 h, oven withering at 60°C for 30 min, and steaming for 2 min, each with four replications. The observed parameters included powder moisture content, pH, color (L*, a*, b*), antioxidant activity, total phenols, total tannins, flavonoids, and sensory attributes, namely color, aroma, acidity, taste, aftertaste, and overall acceptance. The results showed that withering method significantly affected color, moisture content, antioxidant activity, total phenols, total tannins, flavonoids, and organoleptic attributes related to aftertaste and overall acceptance, while pH, aroma quality, acidity, and taste were not significantly affected. The non-withered sample demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The room temperature withering for 10 h produced antioxidant activity (57.59%) that was not significantly different from the non-withered sample, but offered superior sensory performance. This treatment produced a dark orange (brownish) infusion with L* (45.75), a* (29.25), and b* (49.50), the highest overall hedonic acceptance (3.72), and the most preferred color (3.84). In conclusion, withering at room temperature for 10 h represents the optimal processing method for producing Liberica coffee leaf tea with a balanced combination of functional properties and consumer acceptability.