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All Journal Century: Journal of Chinese Language, Literature and Culture Jurnal e-Komunikasi Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Akuntansi Terapan Review of Management and Entrepreneurship Jurnal Bakti Masyarakat Indonesia International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pasific Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi LINGUISTS : JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE TEACHING Folia Medica Indonesiana
Nathania Nathania, Nathania
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Centella asiatica Nanoparticles as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Cognitive Decline Therapy using Ellman's Method: An in Vitro Study Nathania, Nathania; Kusumaningrum, Selvina Cindy; I'tishom, Reny; Kumalasari, Feranita; Margiana, Ria
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Highlights: 1. This research contributes novel data to current studies by combining the potential of Centella asiatica extract with PEG-400 to develop a therapeutic agent aimed at improving cognitive function through an effective drug delivery system capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. 2. The findings of this study revealed that the combination of Centella asiatica extract and PEG-400 at an adequate ratio exhibits great potential as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Abstract Cognitive impairment, caused by neurocognitive changes and neuroinflammation, affects 65.6 million elderly people worldwide and can interfere with their quality of life. Centella asiatica is recognized for its neuroprotective potential due to its active compounds. This study aimed to investigate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of Centella asiatica as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive decline. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) was used to achieve an effective drug delivery system of Centella asiatica extract, facilitating the inhibition of the apoptosis signaling pathway and allowing neuroprotective agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This research involved several testing stages, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify active compounds (e.g., tryptamine, γ-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol) that contribute to cognitive function improvement. Particle size analysis (PSA) tests were conducted on three formulations of the extract and PEG-400, with ratios of 1:100, 100:1, and 1:1, to determine the optimal formulation for subsequent testing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphology and surface structure of the samples, while Ellman's method was employed to test the ability of acetylcholine (ACh) in improving cognitive abilities. The results subsequently underwent descriptive analysis, particle distribution analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), nonparametric tests, image analysis, regression tests, multivariate analysis, and correlation tests. The synthesis demonstrated that the 1:100 formulation produced ideal-sized nanoparticles (5–7 nm), optimal for penetrating the BBB. The PSA and SEM analyses supported this finding by demonstrating homogeneous particle morphology and consistent chemical composition. The in vitro Ellman's assay revealed a high inhibitory rate of 97.63% for the 100:1 formulation. The 1:1 and 1:100 formulations demonstrated a very high effectiveness as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The combination of PEG-400 and Centella asiatica extract has great potential as an innovative pharmacological therapy for cognitive decline. However, further research is required to ensure the right dosage and development of the research findings.
DELAYED MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL MASSIVE EPIDURAL HEMATOMA INVOLVING PARASAGITTAL SINUS: A COMPREHENSIVE SCOPING REVIEW FROM INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVES Suryaningtyas, Wihasto; Armando, Alivery Raihanada; Ramadhan, Candra Dwantara; Kamaruddin, Muhammad Fadhil; Zamzam, Ramadhani Rizki; Nathania, Nathania
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Introduction: Vertex epidural hematomas (VEDH) involving the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) are rare, critical injuries often complicated by massive venous hemorrhage. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of VEDH and identifies systemic barriers contributing to treatment delays in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Methods: We present a case series of three patients managed at an Indonesian tertiary center alongside a scoping review of 33 studies. Delayed management was defined as prolonged injury-to-surgery intervals resulting from referral inefficiencies and transport logistics. Results: The series highlights a unique case of a 66-year-old male with bilateral VEDH and SSS laceration who underwent surgery 32 hours post-injury. Despite massive intraoperative blood loss (6000cc) requiring aggressive transfusion and sinus repair, the patient achieved a good functional recovery. The scoping review identified primary barriers to timely care, including geographical constraints, lack of organized emergency transport, and a scarcity of neurosurgical specialists and CT scanners in rural regions. Conclusion: While delayed presentation exacerbates surgical risks, aggressive management via bicoronal craniotomy remains effective. Improving prehospital infrastructure and referral networks is essential to reducing preventable delays in neurotrauma management.
Co-Authors Agus Riadi Annaletchumi, Annaletchumi Ariaji, Priscilla Epifania Armando, Alivery Raihanada Christine Winstinindah Sandroto Dani Setiawan Ervila, Ervila Farzana, Anis I'tishom, Reny Indrawati, Klara Puspa Kamaruddin, Muhammad Fadhil Kee, Daisy Mui Hung Kumalasari, Feranita Kusumaningrum, Selvina Cindy Margiana, Ria Merry C. N. Rumagit Novia, Feby Ramadhan, Candra Dwantara Rosinta Ria Panggabean Sampeliling, Dave Grant Sofea, Anis Song, Ng Hee Utari , Grace Elysia wihasto suryaningtyas Yosafat Barona Valentino, Yosafat Barona Zamzam, Ramadhani Rizki Zuraya, Anis