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Pengaruh Nilai Tukar dan Harga Kapuk Terhadap Volume Ekspor CV. Media Mitra Indonesia Nurdiansyah, Zulfan Arya; Baroh, Istis
Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ma.v11i2.19077

Abstract

Kapok is one of the commodities derived from the randu tree. Kapok (ceiba pentandra) is a plant that grows well in both large and narrow land. Randu trees in East Java grow well and are quite large in production. One of the cities in East Java such as Pasuruan is the center of high quality kapok production.  One of the companies in East Java that is engaged in the export of kapok commodities on a large scale is CV. Media Mitra Indonesia. This company has been carrying out export activities since 2014. The objectives of this study are to: (1) Analyze the causes of fluctuations in export volume, and (2) Analyze the effect of kapok price and exchange rate on export volume. The data collection technique used documentation, collecting data from existing archives. The causes of export volume fluctuations are analyzed descriptively, namely by explaining the factors that cause volume fluctuations in detail based on data that has been obtained from the company. The effect of price and exchange rate on export volume was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 22. The results showed that volume fluctuations were caused by the price of kapok and the exchange rate. The price of kapok has a significant positive effect on export volume. This means that if the price of kapok is high, the company will increase the amount of production, and vice versa. Meanwhile, the exchange rate has a significantly negative effect on export volume. This means that if the exchange rate decreases, sales will also decrease, and vice versa.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA APEL (STUDI KASUS DI DESA BUMI AJI KECAMATAN BUMI AJI KOTA BATU Budiman, Eko Wahyu; Sudibyo, Rahmad Pulung; Baroh, Istis
Viabel : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Vol 12 No 1 (2018): Mei 2018
Publisher : Universitas Islam Balitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (490.619 KB) | DOI: 10.35457/viabel.v12i1.420

Abstract

Technological developments have brought apple commodities into business commodities that can improve the well-being of the actors involved, as well as highly selective apple plants, can only grow well and well in certain areas of East Java, such as Batu and Nongkojajar. Data analysis method using Quantitative Descriptive analysis to know the level of financial feasibility of business, calculated by analysis of Acceptance and Cost (B / C ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Payback Period (PP). As for the marketing aspect using qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on research conducted in Bumiaji Village, Bumiaji Subdistrict of Malang City, that cultivation of apple is feasible to be cultivated with NPV of Rp. 471,825,898, - using the current bank interest of 12%, and also for Gross B / C ratio of 2.4633, Net B / C ratio of 4.6088, while IRR of 34.43%. As for the refund cost incurred taken from the amount of Net Benefit in the 4th year until the 13th year that is Rp. 1.129.796.500. so that in the 14th to the 26th year there is a net profit of a total of Rp 1,270,351,050, -.
The Competitiveness of Indonesian Cocoa Product and Their Derivates in the International Market Baroh, Istis
Proceedings International Conference on Sustainable Innovation (ICoSI) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Optimizing Global Benefit for Future Wellbeing
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/icosi.v1i1.9

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the competitiveness ofIndonesian cocoa between its several derivate products from 2006to 2015 of two importing countries. Germany and The USA arechosen as the representative of the international markets becauseof three reasons. First, those two countries are the mostprospective markets of cocoa products. Second, they consumelarge amount of cocoa processing products for their Industries.Third, as the core players of trade, they always import processedcocoa producs from Indonesia in the pastdecade. We use RevealedComparative Advantage (RCA) approach to analyze thecompetitiveness of processed cocoa products, followed byRevealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) approachto avoid upward-biased problems from the previous steps. RSCAenables us to manipulate the RCA index to be symmetrical withinterval values between -1 and +1 (Prasad, 2004). The resultsshowed that in Germany, cocoa paste products and cocoa butterthe two products that have high competitiveness, whereas cocoapowder was not competitive. In the USA, Indonesian cocoa butterwas competitive while cocoa paste and cocoa powder were notcompetitive. Indonesia should focus on cocoa paste and cocoabutter to maintain their competitiveness through pricing, contractnegotiations, and trade relations
TRAINING ON THE PRODUCTION OF NATURAL DISHWASHING SOAP FOR STUDENTS AT MA MUHAMMADIYAH I MALANG Ningsih, Gumoyo Mumpuni; Rasyid, Harun; Baroh, Istis
Abdi Dosen : Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): JUNI
Publisher : LPPM Univ. Ibn Khaldun Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32832/abdidos.v9i2.2727

Abstract

Based on the situation analysis and interviews with the school of MA Muhammadiyah I Malang, Tlogomas Village, Malang City, it was found that many teachers want to equip students with entrepreneurial skills, especially for those who do not continue to college. One of the potential skills to be developed is the manufacture of natural-based dish soap. Therefore, training was conducted in October 2024 to provide practical skills that can be applied in the business world. This training uses counseling and hands-on methods, where students gain knowledge and the opportunity to practice making liquid dish soap. The results of the service showed that this activity went very well and smoothly. The school welcomed this program because it is relevant to the subject of entrepreneurship. The students, both male and female, showed high enthusiasm in participating in the training. All participants attended 100%, experienced an increase in knowledge and skills, and 60% of them were interested in entrepreneurship in this field. In conclusion, the training was effective in improving students' entrepreneurship skills and it is hoped that it can be further supported with capital assistance for those who want to start a business.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial CV Astika Rizki Nursery di Kota Batu Angraeni, Siska Pramudya; Relawati, Rahayu; Baroh, Istis
Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Vol 10, No 2 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ma.v10i2.14652

Abstract

Batu City is recognized as a potentially fertile agricultural area, and the high market demand makes citrus nursery businesses promising. Oranges have a consistent market demand both as a direct consumption fruit and as a raw material for the food and beverage industry. Additionally, technological advancements and changes in consumer consumption patterns also impact the agricultural market, including citrus nurseries. Technical challenges such as seed quality, plant disease management, and other production factors need attention. The sustainability of the citrus nursery business also depends on the availability of local resources, including workforce, water, and agricultural infrastructure support. Financial feasibility analysis becomes a strategic step to evaluate the sustainability and development potential of CV Astika Rizki Nursery's citrus nursery business in Batu City. By understanding market conditions, operational challenges, and resource availability, this analysis is expected to provide a comprehensive and in-depth view to support effective and sustainable business management. Financial feasibility analysis was conducted using the NPV, Net B/C Ratio, IRR, and Payback Period methods. The results indicate that the investment in citrus nursery is feasible to continue, with an NPV value of IDR 867,015,035.71, an IRR of 44%, and a Payback Period of 1 year 2 months. Additionally, other methods such as Gross B/C Ratio and Net B/C Ratio also demonstrate the feasibility of the investment. Thus, this document provides a comprehensive and in-depth perspective to support effective and sustainable business management in the citrus nursery business in Batu City.
Strategi Peningkatan Ekspor Fresh Dehusked Coconut Kalimantan Barat Ananda, Istiqomah Tri; Ariadi, Bambang Yudi; Baroh, Istis
Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Vol 10, No 2 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ma.v10i2.13812

Abstract

Fresh dehusked coconut is one of the primary products that is often exported. Fresh dehusked coconut is a coconut that has matured completely, but at the time of husking the coir is left intact above the eye of the coconut. Today, coconut is widely utilized in both primary and manufactured forms. The many benefits and high demand for coconut attract people to develop businesses with export activities. This study was conducted to analyze the internal and external factors of the company and analyze the strategy to increase fresh dehusked coconut at PT Mas Agro Satwa. The research data analysis method is descriptive qualitative to analyze the internal and external factors of the company. SWOT analysis method with IFE, EFE, and IE matrices to analyze strategies for increasing fresh dehusked coconut at PT Mas Agro Satwa. The results showed that the internal factors seen from the number of strength scores (2.35) were greater than the number of weakness scores, namely (1.16) this shows that PT Mas Agro Satwa is able to use strengths to cover its weaknesses. External factors seen from the number of opportunity scores (2.20) greater than the number of threat scores, namely (1.55) this shows that PT Mas Agro Satwa is able to take advantage of opportunities to deal with threats that may occur. The results also show that PT Mas Agro Satwa is in quadrant I which shows that the strategic position of PT Mas Agro Satwa is in the Grow and Build position where this condition describes the company is growing and developing. The right strategic step for PT Mas Agro Satwa at this time is an intensive strategy with market penetration, product development and market development.
Analisis cost volume profit pada Hasanudin Orchids Nursery & Laboratory: Analysis of cost volume profit in Hasanudin Orchids Nursery & Laboratory Mustika Charismawati; Bakhtiar, Ary; Baroh, Istis
AGROMIX Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35891/agx.v14i1.3158

Abstract

𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘊𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘰𝘤𝘤𝘶𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘰𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘴 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯 𝘖𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥𝘴 𝘕𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘺 & 𝘓𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥𝘴: 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘪𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘰𝘣𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘣𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘸𝘴. 𝘊𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘶𝘭𝘢 𝘛𝘰𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘊𝘰𝘴𝘵 (𝘛𝘊 = 𝘝𝘊 + 𝘍𝘊) 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘪𝘯, 𝘣𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘬 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵 (𝘉𝘌𝘗), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘪𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘢𝘧𝘦𝘵𝘺 (𝘔𝘖𝘚). 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴: 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘏𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯 𝘖𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥𝘴 𝘕𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘺 & 𝘓𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘪𝘯 2019 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 48,000 𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘳 𝘙𝘱1.920.000.000 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘙𝘱928.430.869, 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘌𝘗 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘙𝘱61.300.000, 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘌𝘗 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘸𝘢𝘴 1.534 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘔𝘖𝘚 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭 𝘰𝘧 96.80% 𝘰𝘳 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 46.466 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘚𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘵 𝘏𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯 𝘖𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥𝘴 𝘕𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘺 & 𝘓𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘉𝘌𝘗 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘧𝘪𝘹𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘳𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘯𝘦𝘹𝘵 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦.
Analisis Ekspor Briket: Tren dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi PT. Gemati Global Industri Vena, Vigi Ratu; Baroh, Istis
Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture Vol 14, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Agribusiness Department, Agriculture Faculty, Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jsea.v14i2.93799

Abstract

Briket adalah produk bahan bakar yang terbuat dari bahan organik padat yang diproses dan ditekan menjadi bentuk padat untuk menggantikan bahan bakar fosil. Perdagangan internasional briket semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi global. PT. Gemati Global Industri sebagai salah satu perusahaan eksportir briket perlu memahami dinamika pasar global guna meningkatkan kinerja ekspor sacara berkelanjutan dan kompetitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan ekspor dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volume ekspor briket pada PT. Gemati Global Industri. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dengan jenis data time series dari tahun 2018 hingga 2024. Perkembangan ekspor dianalisis menggunakan analisis tren, sedangkan faktor-faktor yang memepengaruhinya dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tren ekspor briket mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan ini disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor ekonomi di negara tujuan ekspor, terutama meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat yang mendorong penggunaan terhadap energi alternatif seperti briket. Selain itu, strategi harga yang kompetitif serta stabilitas inflasi turut berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekspor. Variabel Harga dan inflasi berpengaruh nyata negatif sedangkan income dan jumlah penduduk berpengaruh nyata positif secara simultan terhadap volume ekspor briket. Namun, secara parsial, jumlah penduduk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya menjaga stabilitas harga dan kualitas produk, serta memanfaatkan momentum pertumbuhan pendapatan di negara tujuan ekspor untuk meningkatkan akses terhadap pasar internasional.
Unlocking Indonesia's dairy potential: assessing the role of fresh milk imports in achieving self-sufficiency Baroh, Istis; Lveyre, Eugestin Jions; Mazwan, M Zul; Relawati, Rahayu
Agriekonomika Vol 14, No 1: April 2025
Publisher : Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agriekonomika.v14i1.25232

Abstract

Indonesia exhibits significant potential for the development of dairy cows agribusiness; however, the country continues to register notable levels of fresh cow's milk imports. This study aims at scrutinizing the trajectory of Indonesia's fresh cow's milk imports spanning the years 2010 to 2019, delineating the origins of these imports and elucidating the determinants affecting the volume of fresh cow's milk imports. Secondary data sourced from the Center for Agricultural Data and Information Systems of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2019 form the basis of this inquiry. Methodologically, the data underwent trend analysis, quantitative descriptive analysis, and multiple linear regression. The findings reveal a downward trend in fresh milk imports across Indonesia during the period under examination. Notably, New Zealand emerges as the foremost contributor to Indonesia's fresh milk imports. The study identifies income variables, domestic fresh cow milk production, and consumption levels as collectively influencing the volume of fresh cow's milk imports. Furthermore, the import price of fresh cow's milk manifests a significant impact on import volumes, whereas the production and consumption metrics of fresh cow's milk exhibit no discernible influence on import quantities within Indonesia.