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UJI FITOKIMIA TERHADAP TANAMAN OBAT KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa) DI KHDTK ULM Nadya Sofia; Yuniarti Yuniarti; Rosidah Rosidah
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Volume 5 No 2 Edisi April 2022
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v5i2.5356

Abstract

The active chemical compounds known from the medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) can determine the chemical group in the medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), as well as provide additional information about the benefits and uses of the medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). This study aims to identify groups of chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids (triterpenoids and steroids), quinones, saponins and tannins qualitatively. The samples tested came from the leaves (young and old), stems and twigs. The results showed that the active chemical compounds found in the leaves and stems were alkaloids, steroids, quinones, saponins and tannins, while in the twigs the active chemical compounds found were alkaloids, quinones, and saponins.Senyawa kimia aktif yang diketahui dari tanaman obat kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dapat mengetahui golongan kimia di dalam tanaman obat kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), serta memberikan informasi tambahan mengenai manfaat dan kegunaan dari tanaman obat kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid (triterpenoid dan steroid), quinon, saponin dan tannin secara kualitatif. Sampel yang diuji berasal dari bagian daun (muda dan tua), batang dan ranting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa kimia aktif yang ditemukkan pada bagian daun dan batang adalah alkaloid, steroid, quinon, saponin dan tannin, sedangkan pada ranting senyawa kimia aktif yang ditemukkan yaitu alkaloid, quinon, dan saponin.
UJI FITOKIMIA PADA TUMBUHAN OBAT JUNGRAHAB (Baeckea frutescens L.) Herawati Herawati; Yuniarti Yuniarti; Wiwin Tyas Istikowati
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 5, No 3 (2022): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 5 No 3 Edisi Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v5i3.5714

Abstract

This study aims to qualitatively identify active compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins and quinons in jungrahab including the roots, stems, bark and leaves. Phytochemical screening methods (Harborne, 1987) as a phytochemical test. The results of research on jungrahab containing alkaloid compounds were found in the roots and stems, bark and leaves, which did not contain alkaloid compounds. Flavonoid compounds from the four parts were not detected by active compounds. Steroid and triterpenoid compounds were not detected in the roots and stems, but were found in the skin and leaves. Tannins and saponins were detected from all parts of the roots to the leaves. Quinone compounds were detected in the roots, bark and leaves, but not found in the stemsPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa-senyawa aktif yaitu Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Tannins, Saponins, dan Quinons secara kualitatif pada jungrahab meliputi bagian akar, batang, kulit dan daun. Method screening fitokimia (Harborne, 1987) sebagai pengujian fitokimia. Hasil penelitian pada jungrahab bagian yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid ditemukan pada bagian akar dan bagian batang, kulit dan daun tidak mengandung senyawa alkaloid. Senyawa flavonoid dari keempat bagian tidak terdeteksi senyawa aktif. Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid tidak terdeteksi di bagian akar dan batang, namun ditemukan dibagian kulit dan daun. Senyawa tanin dan saponin terdeteksi semua bagian akar sampai daun. Senyawa quinon terdeteksi di bagian akar, kulit dan daun namun di bagian batang tidak ditemukan.
KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBUKAAN LAHAN DI DESA BALAWAIAN KABUPATEN TAPIN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN Yuniarti Yuniarti; Asysyifa Asysyifa; Fonny Rianawati
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 3, No 6 (2020): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Volume 3 No 6 Edisi Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (690.088 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v3i6.4732

Abstract

One of the factors causing forest fires is the negligence of the use of fire in land clearing activities in farming. However, the Meratus Dayak community conducts farming activities accompanied by local wisdom with all traditional traditions and rituals so as not to cause fire. The Balawaian Village has the same pattern of land clearing as the pattern commonly carried out by the Meratus Dayak community. This study aims to identify patterns of land clearing activities carried out by the indigenous Balawaian Village based on local wisdom in relation to efforts to prevent forest and land fires. Through in-depth interviews, data processing is done with descriptive qualitative methods, which provide an overview of all the facts obtained in the field. Based on the results of Indigenous Peoples' Local Wisdom Research in Land Opening Activities in Balawaian Village, Tapin Regency, namely the pattern of land clearing carried out by indigenous people in Balawaian Village by slashing and burning or slash and burn followed by rituals and traditional rules such as land for farming (bamimpi), thanksgiving during land clearing (baandak) and burning (manyalukut) where there is local wisdom in efforts to control fire during manyalukut activities such as making reserves, burning in the opposite direction of the wind, and guarding and controlling fire while burning so as not to spread.Salah satu faktor penyebab kebakaran hutan yaitu kelalaian penggunaan api dalam kegiatan pembukaan lahan dalam berladang. Namun masyarakat Dayak Meratus melakukan kegiatan berladang diiringi dengan kearifan lokal dengan segala tradisi dan ritual adat sehingga tidak mengakibatkan kebakaran. Masyarakat Desa Balawaian apakah memiliki pola pembukaan lahan yang sama dengan pola yang umumnya dilakukan oleh masyarakat Dayak Meratus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kegiatan pembukaan lahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat adat Desa Balawaian berdasarkan kearifan lokal setempat dalam hubungannya dengan upaya pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Melalui wawancara secara mendalam (in depth interview), pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu memberikan gambaran tentang semua fakta yang diperoleh di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Dalam Kegiatan Pembukaan Lahan di Desa Balawaian Kabupaten Tapin yaitu pola pembukaan lahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat adat Desa Balawaian dengan dengan cara tebas dan bakar atau slash and burn yang diikuti dengan ritual dan aturan adat seperti penetapan lahan untuk berladang (bamimpi), syukuran saat pembersihan lahan (baandak) dan pembakaran (manyalukut) dimana terdapat kearifan lokal dalam upaya pengendalian kebakaran saat kegiatan manyalukut seperti pembuatan ladangan, membakar dengan cara berlawanan arah angin, serta  melakukan penjagaan dan pengawasan terhadap api saat sedang membakar agar tidak menjalar.
KUALITAS BRIKET ARANG DARI LIMBAH ARANG KAYU ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binned) PT. CITRA PRIMA UTAMA KECAMATAN LIANG ANGGANG KOTA BANJARBARU Yulian Taufik; Violet Violet; Yuniarti Yuniarti
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 1, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 1 No 1, Edisi Agustus 2018
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (653.608 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v1i1.437

Abstract

Kebutuhan energi di Indonesia saat ini dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan energi yang berasal dari fosil seperti batubara serta minyak bumi dan gas bumi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui (unrenewable), dengan keterbatasan energi tersebut pemerintah mencari energi alternatif yang dapat diperbaharui (renewable) salah satunya berupa briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas briket arang dari limbah arang kayu ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) serta mengetahui besarnya pengaruh ukuran serbuk 60-80 mesh dan 80-100 mesh dengan kadar perekat 3 %, 5 % dan 7 % terhadap kadar air , kerapatan, zat terbang, kadar abu, fixed carbon dan nilai kalor dari briket arang. Pembuatan briket arang menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap 3 x 2 ( 3 ulangan 2 perlakuan). Hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai terbaik kadar air terdapat pada perlakuan A₁B₂ sebesar 2,124 %, kerapatan pada perlakuan A₃B₁ sebesar 0,606 gr/cm³, zat terbang pada perlakuan A₁B₁ sebesar 27,1 %, kadar abu pada perlakuan A₁B₁ sebesar 43,667 %, fixed carbon pada perlakuan A₃B₁ sebesar 9,779 % dan nilai kalor pada perlakuan A₁B₁ sebesar 3945 kal/gr
KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET ARANG CAMPURAN ARANG AKASIA DAUN KECIL (Acacia auliculiformis) DAN ARANG ALABAN (Vitex pubescens vhal) Fadillah Yusma Sugiyati; Budi Sutiya; Yuniarti -
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 4, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Volume 4 No 2 Edisi April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (518.153 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v4i2.3337

Abstract

Petroleum is an energy that cannot be renewed, but in everyday life, fuel oil is still the main choice so that it will recult in depletion of petroleum reserves. This study aims to analyze the quality of the charcoal briquette mixture of small leaf acacia wood charcoal whit a mixture of alaban wood charcoal. Parameters tested based on (ASTM D 5142 – 02). Charcoal briquette quality result obtained using Indonesian state standards (Indonesian National Standards – SNI). The results of research from small leaf acacia charcoal and alaban charcoal resulted in the average value of moisture content testing, density testing, ansh content testing, flight substance testing bound carbon content testing and calorific value testing. Testing of moisture content, density, ash content and calorific value met Indonesian standards, while testing for aerobic substances and bound carbon content did not meet Indonesian standards. The best quality charcoal briquettes that meet all the criteria of the Indonesian state standards (Indonesian National Standards – SNI) in treatment E (75% alaban charcoal and 25% small leaf acacia charcoal). The results obtained indicate that each treatment differences in the composition of charcoal powder have a significant effect on each parameter such as moisture content, density, ash content, flying matter, carbon content and calorific value.Keywords: Energy; Brike; Acacia; Alaban
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA TUMBUHAN BELARAN TAPAH (Merremia peltata) Arfi Humairah; Yuniarti Yuniarti; Gusti Abdul Rahmat Thamrin
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 5, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Volume 5 No 1 Edisi Februari 2022
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v5i1.5051

Abstract

Belaran Tapah (Merremia peltata) is a plant used by the community around the Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) of Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of secondary metabolites in the Belaran Tapah plant with a qualitative phytochemical test which is expected to provide information about the content of secondary metabolites for the Belaran Tapah plant which is capable of being the basis for sustainable use of plants that have medicinal abilities. The sample came from KHDTK ULM, while the Wood Science Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, ULM, was the place for testing. The method uses phytochemical screening which identifies flavonoid compounds, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and alkaloids with objects including roots, stems, leaves, and bark. The test results were processed into tabulated data and analyzed descriptively. Secondary metabolites indicated on stems, bark, leaves, and roots showed that the most identified compounds were saponins, almost all parts of the belaran tapah, kilayu and slapped rhino plants, except for the slapped rhino stems. Alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids and quinones were found only in some parts of the roots, stems, leaves and bark, while flavonoids were not present in all of these plants.Belaran Tapah (Merremia peltata) merupakan tumbuhan yang digunakan masyarakat sekitar Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM) sebagai obat tradisional. Tujuannya dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan Belaran Tapah dengan uji fitokimia secara kualitatif yang diharapkan dapat menyajikan informasi mengenai kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder untuk tumbuhan Belaran Tapah yang mampu sebagai dasar untuk pemanfataannya secara berkelanjutan mengenai tumbuhan yang memiliki kemampuan untuk pengobatan. Sampel berasal dari KHDTK ULM, sedangkan Laboratorium Ilmu Kayu Fakultas Kehutanan ULM sebagai tempat pengujiannya. Metodenya dengan menggunakan skrining fitokimia yang mengidentifikasi senyawa flavonoid, quinon, saponin, steroid, tanin, triterpenoid, dan alkaloid dengan objek antara lain akar, batang, daun, dan kulit. Hasil pengujian diolah ke dalam tabulasi data dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Metabolit sekunder yang terindikasi pada batang, kulit, daun, dan akar menunjukkan bahwa yang paling banyak teridentifikasi adalah senyawa saponin, hampir semua bagian tumbuhan belaran tapah, kilayu dan tampar badak, kecuali di bagian batang tampar badak. Senyawa alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid dan quinon ditemukan hanya di beberapa bagian akar, batang, daun dan kulit, sedangkan flavonoid tidak terdapat sama sekali dalam semua tumbuhan tersebut.
ANALISA SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA BRIKET ARANG DARI CAMPURAN TANDAN KOSONG AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) DAN CANGKANG KEMIRI (Aleurites trisperma) Hari Wahyu Basuki; Yuniarti Yuniarti; Fatriani Fatriani
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 3, No 4 (2020): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 3 No 4, Edisi Agustus 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (573.343 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v3i4.2346

Abstract

The waste of candlenut shells and empty sugar palm bunches has considerable potential and can be used as raw material for charcoal briquettes. This study aims to analyze the properties of charcoal from a mixture of candlenut shells and palm sugar bunches on the physical properties of the charcoal briquettes produced. To determine the effect of the mixture of candlenut charcoal shells and sugar palm empty fruit bunches, treatment of 100% candlenut shells, 100% sugar palm empty bunches, 75% candlenut shells + 25% sugar palm empty bunches, 75% empty sugar palm bunches + 25% candlenut shells, 50% candlenut shell + 50% sugar palm bunches, the adhesive used is tapioca flour. Charcoal briquettes produced by the water content ranged from 7.568% - 11.734%, density 0.520g / cm³ - 0.604g / cm abu, the average ash content ranged from 15% - 22.666%, flying substance content 43.666% - 52%, bound carbon ranged from 17,335% - 44,098%, and calorific value 3676,86kal / g - 4749,606kal / g. The water content that meets ASTM is found in treatment A (100% hazelnut shell) of 7.568%, other treatments do not meet ASTM standards. Density, ash content, fly substance content, bound carbon and calorific value produced from various treatments none meet the standard.Keywords: Aren empty bunches charcoal briquettes; candlenut shell briquettes; influence of physical and chemical properties; ASTM standards
PENGARUH JUMLAH LAPISAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA MEKANIKA BALOK LAMINASI KAYU GALAM (Melaleuca cajuputi) Tantin Purwaningrum; Siti Hamidah; Yuniarti Yuniarti
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 2 No 1, Edisi Februari 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (379.924 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v2i1.508

Abstract

Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) merupakan jenis tumbuhan di Kalimantan Selatan yang dijual sebagai mata pencaharian utama sebagian kecil masyarakatnya. Saat ini sangat sulit menemukan kayu galam dengan diameter yang besar. Adanya teknologi laminasi, kayu berdiameter kecil tersebut dapat menjadi balok laminasi yang dapat menggantikan kayu galam berdiameter besar tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh jumlah lapisan terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika balok laminasi kayu galam yang meliputi kadar air, berat jenis, keteguhan lentur (MOE), keteguhan patah (MOR), dan keteguhan rekat. Perekat yang digunakan ialah perekat PVAc merek Crossbond X4. Pembuatan contoh uji dan pengujian sifat fisika dan mekanika mengacu pada standar ASTM. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data eksploratif (Exploratory Data Analysis – EDA) yang disajikan secara grafis menggunakan box and whisker plot dengan perlakuan yaitu jumlah lapisan dengan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah sifat fisika balok lamina yaitu kadar air balok 5 lapis dan 2 lapis berturut-turut ialah dengan 15.62% dan 19.22%. Berat jenis balok lamina 5 lapis dan 2 lapis berturut-turut ialah 0.54 dan 0.58. Sifat mekanika kayu galam balok yaitu keteguhan lentur (MOE) balok 5 lapis dan 2 lapis berturut-turut ialah 94702.20 kg/cm2 dan 100196.08 kg/cm2. Keteguhan patah (MOR) balok 5 lapis dan 2 lapis berturut-turut ialah 586.92 kg/cm2 dan 493.65 kg/cm2. Keteguhan rekat balok 5 lapis dan 2 lapis berturut-turut ialah 60.04 kg/cm2 dan110.76 kg/cm2.
KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT MASYARAKAT DESA MUARA PAGATAN KECAMATAN KUSAN HILIR KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU Muhammad Rifandi; Rosidah Rosidah; Yuniarti Yuniarti
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 3, No 5 (2020): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 3 No 5, Edisi Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (579.661 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v3i5.2554

Abstract

Since ancient times, humans have relied heavily on the surrounding environment to meet their needs, for example to eat, shelter, clothing, medicine, fertilizer, perfume, beauty and others. The study of the relationship between humans and plants in their utilization activities has traditionally been called ethnobotany. This study aims to identify what types and parts of plants can be used and known as drugs by the community. And describe how to process or mix medicinal plants used by the community. . The approach method used in this study is collecting data about plants as medicine obtained from the community by using semi-structured interview techniques and questionnaires. Resource persons were selected using purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the preliminary study taking into account the level of knowledge, skills and application or utilization of HHBK in the area. There are 18 types of medicinal plants that are often used by the people of Muara Pagatan Village as medicine to treat diseases such as diarrhea, ulcers, high blood pressure, parts of the plant that are most widely used by the people of Muara Pagatan Village as a medicine, namely leaf parts with 55,56 % compared to other plant parts and the method of processing that is often done to be used as medicine by the community of Muara Pagatan Village by boiling with a percentage of 66.67%, while for the method of use that is most often used by the community is by drinking with a percentage of 66.67%..Keyword: ethnobotany; muara pagatan; medicinal plants
UJI FITOKIMIA TUMBUHAN CEMARA GUNUNG (Casuarina junghuniana), MERAMBUNG (Vernonia arborea), DAN LIMPASU (Baccaurea lanceolata) DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS ULM Muhammad Muhammad; Budi Sutiya; Yuniarti Yuniarti
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 4, No 3 (2021): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Volume 4 No 3 Edisi Juni 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (395.216 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v4i3.3747

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively identify active chemical compounds namely the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, and quinons in cemara gunung, merambung and limpasu. Simplisia retrieval and processing of cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu parts of stems, roots, bark and leaves is taken in KHDTK ULM. Existing materials are then given treatment until it becomes powder for further phytochemical tests according Harbone (1978). Phytochemical testing with phytochemical screening methods conducted component tests of active chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tritrpenoids, tannins, saponins, and quinons. Phytochemical qualitative test results (screening) are processed in the form of data tabulation. Based on the research that has been done, the most widely found active compounds are Steroid compounds, almost in all parts of the cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu except on the roots of mountain firs, while tanin there are all at  the stems, roots, and skin of the limpasu. The active compound Flavonoids are not found at all in all parts of cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu. Active compounds Alkaloids, Triterpenoids, Saponins, and Quinons are found only a few in the stems, roots, skin, and leaves of cemara gunung, merambung, and limpasu.Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi secara kualitatif senyawa kimia aktif yaitu kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid,tanin, saponin, dan quinon pada tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung dan limpasu. Pengambilan dan Pengolahan Simplisia dari pohon cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu bagian batang, akar, kulit dan daun diambil di KHDTK ULM. Bahan yang sudah ada lalu diberikan perlakuan hingga menjadi serbuk untuk selanjutnya dilakukan uji fitokimia menurut Harbone (1978). Pengujian Fitokimia dengan metode skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan uji komponen senyawa kimia aktifnya yang meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, tritrpenoid, tanin, saponin, dan quinon. Hasil uji kualitatif (skrining) fitokimia diolah dalam bentuk tabulasi data. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, senyawa aktif yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah senyawa Steroid, hampir di semua bagian tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu kecuali pada bagian akar cemara gunung, sedangkan senyawa Tanin ada pada semua bagian batang, akar, dan kulit limpasu. Senyawa aktif Flavonoid tidak ditemukan sama sekali pada semua bagian tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu. Senyawa aktif Alkaloid, Triterpenoid, Saponin, dan Quinon ditemukan hanya beberapa di bagian batang, akar, kulit, dan daun tumbuhan cemara gunung, merambung, dan limpasu.