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Problems of State Defense Financing Policy and Its Implications on The State Defense System in Indonesia Asral Efendi; M. Adnan Madjid; Irdam Ahmad; Tahan Samuel Lumban Toruan
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 5, No 3 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i3.6179

The dynamics of Indonesia's strategic environment on an international, regional, and national scale have raised concerns about the emergence of threats in the form of military threats, non-military threats, and hybrid threats that can weaken national defense. For this reason, sufficient national defense financing is needed, so that Indonesia has a strong national defense system. This study aims to explore the problems found in the national defense financing policy in Indonesia and its implications for the National Defense System in Indonesia from a defense economic perspective. This research is descriptive qualitative by using library data. The results of the study indicate that there are several problematic policies on state defense financing in Indonesia, that is funding for national defense is not sufficient enough, Defense's budget is still dominated by personnel expenditures, Implications for the funding of reserve components and supporting components, There is no synchronization of policies related to national defense financing, The defense financing policy has the potential to threaten the sovereignty, and finally, The perspective or paradigm that the defense budget at the Ministry of Defense is the only source of state defense financing in supporting the national defense function. This study also provides study recommendations through harmonization of laws related to the financing of state defense, to provide space for the public to participate in financing the national defense, and to develop collaborative governance in the financing of national defense.to strengthen the national defense system in the future.

Agrarian Conflict Resolution In The Construction Of Frans Seda Airport In Sikka Regency To Realize National Security Andreas Gama Lusi; Arifudin Uksan; M. Adnan Madjid
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 3 No 5 (2024): IJHESS APRIL 2024
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i5.983

The development of Frans Seda Airport land addition as a strategic tourism and economic door is faced with a conflict. The problems that occur are caused by the transfer of community agrarian land that is converted by the government. The transfer of land ownership or land chosen by the community was not in line with the cost of land compensation that was provided, causing conflict escalation. The purpose of this research is to describe the conflict resolution of Frans Seda Airport Development in Sikka Regency to realize national security. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through literature study. Based on the results of the research, it can be understood that the phenomenon of land conversion that occurs in Sikka Regency as a result of the airport development policy has several social impacts. The impacts are the shift of agrarian land into additional land for the airport, the loss of agricultural land as a source of livelihood for the surrounding community, the emergence of pro and contra attitudes in the community, and the emergence of social conflicts. The social conflicts are between the pro and con communities (horizontal conflict), and the contra communities, and the Sikka regional government (vertical conflict). Peace efforts were made by both government and non-government institutions. The Sikka Regional Government made persuasive efforts to mediate the conflicting parties. Litigation as a resolution is then initiated with dialogue, negotiation, and individual approaches, as well as maximizing compensation and community empowerment. Resolution orientation to conflict transformation is dominant in mediating conflicts. It is hoped that this research will contribute to encouraging functional groups to formulate a cross-sectoral, integrated, and coordinated agrarian conflict resolution mechanism for the development of public interests.

Pendekatan Empirisme dalam Pertahanan Perbatasan di laut Natuna Utara Muh. Ikram Nur Ilahi; Achmed Sukendro; M. Adnan Madjid; Pujo Widodo
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 4 No 3 (2024): IJHESS DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v4i3.1215

This research explores an empiricist approach in the context of border defense in the North Natuna Sea, an area rich in strategic natural resources that requires intensive protection to maintain Indonesia's national and economic security. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with a focus on the analysis of literature studies that include scientific publications, government reports, and policy documents related to the use of field data in the context of defense. The results of this study show that an empirical approach is the main foundation in the formation of Indonesian policies related to the North Natuna Sea, supported by learning from previous conflict experiences such as the cases of Sipadan and Ligitan Islands. By leveraging strong field evidence, Indonesia ensures that every step taken is based on accurate and verified data. This approach not only enhances Indonesia's legal legitimacy in safeguarding its territorial sovereignty, but also provides a solid foundation for maintaining regional stability and national security in strategic areas such as North Natuna.

Postponement of General Elections in Crisis Situations: Legal Analysis, History, and Implications for Democracy Putri, Nabila Diara; Irwan Triadi; M. Adnan Madjid
JUSTISI Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v11i3.4787

This study aims to analyze the historical of general election postponements in Indonesia, along with the legal basis and constitutional implications of delaying elections without a legitimate emergency. As the primary instrument of popular sovereignty, elections must be held periodically, fairly, and in accordance with the constitution. In this regard, postponing an election without a solid legal foundation could trigger legitimacy crises and constitutional disputes. The method used in this study is normative juridical research with a statute, conceptual approach and historical approach, with the data analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive review of the historical dynamics and legal framework surrounding election postponements from the era of Parliamentary Democracy to the Reform Era with a specific focus on the legal gap in responding to non-natural disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that election postponements in Indonesia have often been linked to political and security crises, though not always grounded in a democratic legal process. The results of this study show that the postponement of elections in Indonesia has historically been influenced by political instability, legal ambiguity, and emergency situations, such as armed conflict or the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, the legal framework in Indonesia lacks specific provisions regarding systematic election postponement, especially in the case of non-natural disasters. The ambiguity in interpreting terms like “other disturbances” under existing electoral laws has led to varying legal opinions and uncertainty in implementation. The conclusion of this study is that the postponement of elections can only be justified in the presence of a real and constitutionally recognized state of emergency. The absence of a clear legal framework poses a risk to democratic integrity and public trust. Therefore, the study emphasizes the urgent need to revise and strengthen electoral regulations by clearly outlining the procedures, legal basis, and conditions under which elections may be postponed, ensuring the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights in all circumstances.

The Social Movement of Coastal Communities in the Offshore Tin Mining Conflict in Batu Beriga Village, Central Bangka Junio, Malvin; M. Adnan Madjid; Eko G. Samudro; Rachmat Setiawibawa; Arifuddin Uksan
International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 04 (2025): September - November, International Journal of Education, Vocational and Socia
Publisher : Cita konsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijevss.v4i04.2503

This study examines the conflict between the coastal community of Batu Beriga Village, Central Bangka, and the state, represented by PT Timah, in offshore tin mining activities. This conflict arose due to the imbalance in power relations between the state's economic interests and local ecological sustainability. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method through literature study with social movement theory as an analytical tool. The results show that the Batu Beriga community's resistance movement against mining activities is a form of collective awareness and resistance to ecological injustice. This movement not only rejects resource exploitation but also fights for the rights to living space and ecological sovereignty of coastal communities. Therefore, resolving natural resource conflicts requires prioritizing participatory dialogue and reformulating marine spatial planning policies that are ecologically just and oriented towards the welfare of local communities.

Strategi Resolusi Konflik Sipil-Militer Dalam Era Disinformasi: Klaim Ilegal Pasukan Garuda Hitam PMPP TNI Tadore Alauddin, Nur Afiyin; Rachmat Setiawibawa; Arifuddin Uksan; M. Adnan Madjid; Kusuma, Kusuma
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 5 No. 2: Februari 2026
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/jceki.v5i2.13257

Era digital menghadirkan kompleksitas baru dalam hubungan sipil–militer, di mana disinformasi menjadi salah satu bentuk ancaman non-tradisional terhadap stabilitas nasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi resolusi konflik sipil–militer di era disinformasi dengan studi kasus “Pasukan Garuda Hitam” yang mencatut nama Pusat Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian (PMPP) TNI. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana narasi palsu terbentuk, menyebar, serta memengaruhi persepsi publik terhadap lembaga militer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disinformasi digital dapat menimbulkan konflik perseptual, mengikis kepercayaan publik, dan menciptakan ketegangan sipil–militer. Melalui integrasi teori hubungan sipil–militer (Huntington), kekerasan struktural (Galtung), transformasi konflik (Lederach), komunikasi krisis (Coombs), dan ketahanan informasi nasional, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi resolusi yang efektif perlu berbasis kolaborasi multi-aktor, literasi digital, serta komunikasi strategis pertahanan. Selain itu, teori information warfare (Bennett, 2020), cognitive security, dan strategic communication (NATO StratCom, 2022) memperkuat pemahaman bahwa disinformasi merupakan instrumen geopolitik yang dapat dimitigasi melalui diplomasi militer dan pendekatan digital peacebuilding. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan model resolusi konflik adaptif berbasis ketahanan informasi nasional.

A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY ON THE CLIMATE CRISIS AND MINING MANAGEMENT ON THE SMALL ISLAND OF SANGIHE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY Muh. Jamil; M. Adnan Madjid; Anang Puji Utama
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4982

Study This analyze relatedness between escalation crisis global climate , practices mining , and increasing vulnerability security Indonesian nationals on the islands small outermost with make the small island of Sangihe as studies case strategic . Crisis climate enlarge pressure ecological on the island small ones who have Power support limited at a time mark strategic for sovereignty and integrity of the country's maritime territory , especially when intersecting with mining scale big . Research This use method juridical normative through approach regulation legislation , conceptual , and analysis decision court For evaluate capacity law national in respond threat ecological and non - military findings show that Sangihe Island covering an area of ±73,700 hectares Once burdened concession mining of PT Tambang Mas Sangihe covering an area of ±42,000 hectares which triggered degradation environment , conflict social , and improvement risk climate . Although permission mining has canceled in a way powerful law remain in 2024, activity mine Keep going took place on an area of ±30 hectares by two companies local as proxy operation through scheme partnership with PT TMS. Framework law national , including ratification of the Paris Agreement, decision Supreme Court , and the Constitutional Court in particular consistent forbid mining on the island small with classify it as abnormally dangerous activity, emphasized that practice the is non- military threats to security national and demanding reconstruction policy integrated in situation emergency climate

Strategi Resolusi Konflik Sipil-Militer Dalam Era Disinformasi: Klaim Ilegal Pasukan Garuda Hitam PMPP TNI Tadore Alauddin, Nur Afiyin; Rachmat Setiawibawa; Arifuddin Uksan; M. Adnan Madjid; Kusuma, Kusuma
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 5 No. 2: Februari 2026
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/jceki.v5i2.13257

Era digital menghadirkan kompleksitas baru dalam hubungan sipil–militer, di mana disinformasi menjadi salah satu bentuk ancaman non-tradisional terhadap stabilitas nasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi resolusi konflik sipil–militer di era disinformasi dengan studi kasus “Pasukan Garuda Hitam” yang mencatut nama Pusat Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian (PMPP) TNI. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana narasi palsu terbentuk, menyebar, serta memengaruhi persepsi publik terhadap lembaga militer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disinformasi digital dapat menimbulkan konflik perseptual, mengikis kepercayaan publik, dan menciptakan ketegangan sipil–militer. Melalui integrasi teori hubungan sipil–militer (Huntington), kekerasan struktural (Galtung), transformasi konflik (Lederach), komunikasi krisis (Coombs), dan ketahanan informasi nasional, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi resolusi yang efektif perlu berbasis kolaborasi multi-aktor, literasi digital, serta komunikasi strategis pertahanan. Selain itu, teori information warfare (Bennett, 2020), cognitive security, dan strategic communication (NATO StratCom, 2022) memperkuat pemahaman bahwa disinformasi merupakan instrumen geopolitik yang dapat dimitigasi melalui diplomasi militer dan pendekatan digital peacebuilding. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan model resolusi konflik adaptif berbasis ketahanan informasi nasional.

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