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All Journal Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Media Kedokteran Hewan Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Peternakan Journal of Applied Veterinary Science and Technology Prosiding SNPBS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi dan Saintek) MANDALIKA VETERINARY JOURNAL Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara Buletin Veteriner Udayana Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
I Putu Cahyadi Putra, I Putu Cahyadi
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary Other

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COINFECTION OF SEVERE TRICHURIOSIS AND COCCIDIOSIS IN A DUROC WEANER PIG Kezia Joana Limarta; I Ketut Berata; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2024 Vol. 16 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i06.p10

Abstract

The presence of gastrointestinal parasites can inhibit the growth of weaning-phase pigs. In addition, gastrointestinal parasites can make pigs more susceptible to other pathogens and even cause death. This case report discusses the co-infection of severe trichuriosis and coccidiosis with secondary Escherichia coli infection in a Duroc weaner pig. Data were collected through anamnesis, epidemiological studies, clinical signs, anatomical pathology and histopathological examinations, and bacteriology and parasitology laboratory examinations. The case animal is a male Duroc pig, 2.5 months old, originating from Sulahan village, Susut sub-district, Bangli regency, Bali. The clinical signs observed were diarrhea with dark feces and decreased appetite. On anatomical pathology examination, 2329 adult Trichuris suis worms were found in the cecum and colon. Changes in the organs included wounds and hemorrhage in the cecum and colon, hemorrhage in the stomach and small intestine, and a singular white spot found on the uneven-colored liver. Histopathological examination showed enteritis hemorrhagis et necroticans, colitis necroticans verminosa, gastritis necroticans, and hepatitis necroticans. Bacteriological examination identified Escherichia coli in the intestine and liver specimens. Qualitative examination of feces revealed T. suis eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts. According to McMaster's calculations, there were 36,200 eggs per gram (EPG) of T. suis and 15,800 oocysts per gram (OPG) of Eimeria spp. Based on all data, along with the results of laboratory examinations, it can be concluded that the pig was infected with severe trichuriosis and coccidiosis with secondary Escherichia coli infection. Pigs that are still alive and are confirmed to be infected with trichuriosis and coccidiosis should be treated.
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION IN PIGLETS ON PIG BREEDING FARMS IN GIANYAR DISTRICT I Komang Pridayasa; I Wayan Gorda; Nyoman Adi Suratma; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. June 2025 Vol. 17 No. 3
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i03.p19

Abstract

Nematodiosis in piglets can inhibit nutrient absorption, leading to decreased growth performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infections in piglets during the suckling and weaning phases at pig breeding farms in Gianyar Regency. This was a cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling method. A total of 216 fecal samples from suckling and weaning phase piglets from seven subdistricts in Gianyar Regency were used in the study. Fecal samples were examined using the flotation concentration method with saturated salt (NaCl) to identify nematode worm eggs. Prevalence data were described descriptively, while the Chi-square test was used to determine differences in nematode infection of suckling and weaning phase piglets. The results showed that the prevalence of nematodes was 41.66% (90/216), consisting of Strongyl type (33.33%), Ascaris suum (14.81%), Trichuris suis (6.48%), and Strongyloides ransomi (1.38%). The prevalence of nematode infection in weaning pigs (49.61%, 64/129) was higher (p<0.05) than that in the suckling pigs (29.88%, 26/87). Nematode co-infection in piglets was also observed in this study. The prevalence of nematode infection in piglets is notably high, particularly during the weaning phase of life. Consequently, it is advisable to implement nematode eradication strategies before weaning and to repeat these measures post-weaning.
RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS AND PREVALENCE OF COCCIDIA IN SOWS AT BREEDING FARMS IN GIANYAR DISTRICT, BALI PROVINCE Bunga Amelia Priatna; Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari; Nyoman Adi Suratma; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. June 2025 Vol. 17 No. 3
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i03.p57

Abstract

Coccidia, a protozoan parasite, can impede growth, reduce body weight, and even cause mortality in pigs. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors associated with coccidia infection in sows on pig breeding farms in Gianyar Regency. This observational study had a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 204 fecal specimens from sows across seven sub-districts in Gianyar Regency. Fecal samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate before examination using the salt-saturated flotation method. Prevalence data were analyzed descriptively, and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. The findings revealed that 39.70% (81/204) of the sows were infected with coccidia, including Eimeria spp. (12.75%, 26/204), Cystoisospora suis (4.41%, 9/204), unsporulated oocysts (22.55%, 46/204), and dual infections with Eimeria spp. + C. suis (2.94%, 6/204). Farms with fewer than 100 pigs were 7.018 times more at risk than those with more than 100 pigs (p = 0.015; OR = 7.018). The source of water was also significantly associated with the use of well water (p = 0.023; OR = 0.097) and water from a regional water company (PDAM) (p = 0.012; OR = 0.127), which lowered the risk compared with spring water. Farmers who did not regularly disinfect their enclosures faced a risk 24.979 times greater than those who disinfected their enclosures daily (p = 0.020; OR = 24.979). Dry pigpen conditions (P = 0.003, OR = 0.052) were more protective than occasionally wet conditions. In conclusion, the prevalence of coccidia infection in breeding farms in Gianyar Regency was notably high. Factors associated with the prevalence of coccidia infection include pig population in the farm, water source, frequency of pen disinfection, and pen conditions.
CASE REPORT: COINFECTION OF TRICHURIS SUIS AND STREPTOCOCCUS SP. IN A LANDRACE-YORKSHIRE PIGLET FROM BUAHAN VILLAGE, PAYANGAN, GIANYAR Viviana Anyaputri Tanurahardja; I Ketut Berata; I Nengah Kerta Besung; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2025 Vol. 17 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i04.p37

Abstract

Pig farming in Bali plays a strategic role in meeting both animal protein demands and cultural needs, yet remains highly susceptible to viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. This case report documents a severe coinfection of Trichuris suis (trichuriasis) and systemic beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. (presumably S. suis) in a 3.5-month-old weanling piglet from Gianyar. Diagnostic methods included anamnesis, epidemiological investigation, gross pathology, histopathology, bacterial culture/identification, and parasitic examination. The piglet exhibited stunted growth, cachexia, cough, and chronic brown diarrhea. Gross and histopathological findings revealed meningoencephalitis, necrotic-edematous bronchopneumonia, and edematous-degenerative typhlitis. Bacterial isolation identified beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. in the brain and lungs, though neurological signs were absent. Necropsy uncovered ~4,700 T. suis in the cecum and colon, with Entamoeba sp. cysts detected in feces. This case highlights: (1) the clinicopathological manifestations of concurrent T. suis and Streptococcus sp. infections, and (2) the critical need for early detection and comprehensive diagnostics in field cases. To mitigate such coinfections, we recommend enhanced biosecurity, routine antiparasitic treatment, and periodic bacteriological surveillance.
FATAL CANINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION WITH SECONDARY BACTERIAL AND PARASITIC COMPLICATIONS IN A PUPPY: A CASE REPORT Egrina Sonta Bako; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; Ida Bagus Oka Winaya; I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika; I Nengah Kerta Besung
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2025 Vol. 17 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i04.p13

Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly infectious viral disease that poses a significant threat to puppies, often resulting in fatality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This report investigates the cause of death of a nearly two-month-old puppy in Denpasar City. Diagnosis was confirmed through a comprehensive approach, including a thorough history, clinical examination, hematology, anatomical pathology, histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CPV, bacteriology, and parasitology examinations. Anamnesis revealed that the two puppies succumbed after exhibiting symptoms such as anorexia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, and cachexia, which were also observed in this puppy. Necropsy findings indicated multiorgan lesions, including hemorrhage, congestion, hyperemia, uneven organ discoloration, swelling of the heart and spleen, and worm infestation in the stomach. Histopathological analysis revealed multi-organ inflammation characterized by hemorrhage, necrosis, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration in all organs, with lesions typical of CPV, including lymphoid follicular necrosis and intestinal Lieberkühn crypts in the intestine. PCR confirmed CPV infection, as evidenced by a 900 bp DNA band. Bacteriological examination revealed the presence of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. in the intestine and Staphylococcus spp. in the spleen. Parasitological examination revealed the presence of adult worms, larvae, and eggs of Toxocara canis in the fecal sample. Based on these findings, the death of the puppy was attributed to CPV infection compounded by secondary bacterial and parasitic infections. Further testing is recommended to ascertain potential co-infection with Canine Distemper Virus.
COINFECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND CAPILLARIA SPP. IN LOCAL CHICKENS IN KERTA VILLAGE, PAYANGAN DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY, BALI Ketut Nanda Maharanthi; Ida Bagus Kade Suardana; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; Ni Wayan Helpina Widyasanti; Ida Bagus Oka Winaya
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2025 Vol. 17 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i04.p28

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a viral infection that significantly affects poultry and leads to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. This case study aimed to achieve a definitive diagnosis of the disease in a seven-month-old free-range chicken owned by a resident of Kerta Village, Payangan Subdistrict, Gianyar Regency, Bali. The methodologies employed encompassed the collection of clinical and epidemiological data through history taking, anatomical pathology examination, histopathology, bacteriology, parasitology, and virus isolation via culture of embryonated chicken eggs, which were subsequently confirmed using hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Tracing and history-taking revealed that the chicken rearing system was semi-intensive. The chicken population comprised 15 chickens, of which 12 exhibited illness and 10 succumbed within eight days. The clinical signs observed included lethargy, pale bluish drooping wattle and cockscomb, periorbital edema, respiratory distress, reduced appetite and water intake, greenish diarrhea, torticollis, and limp drooping wings. Epidemiological data indicate a morbidity rate of 80%, a mortality rate of 67%, and a case fatality rate of 83%. Anatomical pathological examination through necropsy revealed multiorgan hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, petechiae in the proventriculus, and intestinal hemorrhage. Organ samples were collected for histopathological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, which revealed inflammation in various organs, predominantly characterized by lymphocyte infiltration. The HA test demonstrated a high viral titer (29), and the HI test confirmed a positive ND virus infection. Bacteriological examination revealed Escherichia coli in the small intestine and cecum as part of the normal flora. Fecal examination revealed 100 eggs per gram of Capillaria spp. Based on these results, the chickens were diagnosed with a coinfection of Newcastle Disease virus and Capillaria spp. The implementation of routine vaccination programs, improved management practices, and control of poultry movement is recommended as disease prevention measures.
FATAL CO-INFECTION OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS AND TOXOCARA CANIS IN A PUPPY: A CASE REPORT FROM DENPASAR, BALI Regita Laras Saputri; Ida Bagus Kade Suardana; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; I Made Kardena; Ni Wayan Helpina Widyasanti
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. October 2025 Vol. 17 No. 5
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i05.p15

Abstract

This case report documents a fatal co-infection of Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and the nematode Toxocara canis in a 2.5-month-old, unvaccinated female local puppy in Denpasar, Bali. The animal presented with acute clinical signs including anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and severe dehydration, leading to death. A comprehensive post-mortem examination was conducted, including necropsy, histopathology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), bacteriology, and parasitology. PCR analysis confirmed a CPV-2 infection, demonstrated by a 900 bp DNA amplicon. Macroscopic findings included multi-organ hemorrhages, cardiac enlargement with a blunt apex, and intestinal necrosis. Histopathology revealed widespread lymphocytic inflammation. Concurrently, parasitological examination identified a significant T. canis infection, evidenced by six adult worms in the large intestine and numerous eggs and larvae in the feces. While Escherichia coli was isolated from the intestines, no other systemic bacterial pathogens were detected. It was concluded that the synergistic pathogenicity of the CPV-2 and T. canis co-infection was the cause of death, with the parvovirus causing severe intestinal damage and immunosuppression, which was exacerbated by the parasitic burden. This case highlights the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches and underscores the critical need for regular deworming and routine vaccination in preventing such fatal disease combinations in puppies.
CASE OF MULTIPATHOGEN-INDUCED MORTALITY IN AN OPEN-HOUSE BROILER FARM IN DEMULIH VILLAGE, BANGLI Chrissyl Fiorell; Ni Wayan Helpina Widyasanti; I Ketut Berata; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; Tjokorda Sari Nindhia
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2025 Vol. 17 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i06.p20

Abstract

The health and performance of commercial chicken are greatly influenced by poultry house environmental management. The application of open house system with poor management may act as a predisposing factor for multipathogen colonization in poultry. This condition can lead to multiple diseases due to concurrent infections involving fungal, bacterial, and protozoal agents. This study reports a case of multipathogen-related mortality in 29-day-old broiler chicken from an open house farm in Demulih Village, Bangli Regency, Bali. Diagnostic methods include anamnesis, physical examination, epidemiological data collection, gross pathology, histopathology, bacteriology, mycology, and parasitology. Gross pathological examination revealed yellowish-white nodules in the body cavity, lungs, and kidneys; surface damage of the liver and kidneys; and hemorrhage in the cecum. Histopathology showed septate hyphae and conidiophores in the lungs as well as schizonts in the cecum, indicating fungal and protozoal infection. Mycological examination using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and subsequent macroscopic and microscopic identification confirmed the presence of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Mucor spp. Bacteriological examination identified colonies of Staphylococcus sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Klebsiella sp. Parasitological analysis of fecal samples revealed Eimeria spp. oocysts at a concentration of 34,450 oocysts/gram, classified as moderate infection. The case was diagnosed as multiple disease conditions caused by concurrent multipathogen infections of fungal, bacterial, and protozoal origin. Improvements in housing management, sanitation, feed storage, strict biosecurity, and housing system considerations are required to minimize the introduction of disease-causing pathogens.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Protozoa Infection in Piglets on Pig Breeding Farms in Gianyar Regency, Bali. Eukaristia Junitha; I Wayan Sudira; Nyoman Adi Suratma; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i03.p05

Abstract

Gastrointestinal protozoan infections, including those caused by Eimeria sp., Cystoisospora sp., Entamoeba sp., and Balantidium sp., can result in significant livestock losses. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections and compare the prevalence rates between suckling and weaned piglets on pig breeding farms in Gianyar Regency. A total of 216 piglet fecal samples were analyzed, comprising 87 samples from the suckling phase and 129 from the weaned phase. Gastrointestinal protozoa were identified through morphological examination, utilizing the sedimentation method for Balantidium sp. and Entamoeba sp., and the saturated salt flotation method for Coccidia examination. Differences in the prevalence of protozoan infections between suckling and weaned piglets were assessed using the Chi-Square Test with IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings indicated that the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in piglets on breeding farms in the Gianyar Regency was 51.85% (112/216). The identified protozoa included Balantidium sp. (37.96%), Entamoeba sp. (25.92%), and Coccidia (7.87%). The prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in suckling piglets was 35.63% (31/87), whereas that in weaned piglets was 62.79% (81/129), demonstrating a significant difference (p=0,0001). There were diverse infections, with some piglets harboring more than one protozoan type. The prevalence rate of gastrointestinal protozoan infections was deemed high, with weaned piglets exhibiting greater susceptibility to infection than suckling piglets.
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Cattle: Challenges to Food Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin; Novarina Sulsia Ista'In Ningtyas; Lita Rakhma Yustinasari; Agus Widodo; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Mandalika Veterinary Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/mvj.v6i1.18753

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the livestock sector, particularly in cattle farming in Indonesia, requires special attention as it is a rather concerning public health issue. The irrational use of antibiotics for therapy, prophylaxis, or as growth promoters has contributed to the increasing presence of resistant bacteria in beef and dairy cattle. The main challenges in controlling AMR include the lack of regulation on antibiotic use in the field, limited diagnostic facilities, low farmer awareness, and suboptimal national surveillance programs. This review synthesizes findings on the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria isolated from cattle in Indonesia. Various studies have shown that E. coli isolates from cattle in Indonesia have exhibited resistance to important antibiotics, including tetracycline, penicillin, and several β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of these resistant bacteria not only affects the effectiveness of veterinary treatments but also has the potential to transfer to humans through the food chain, direct contact, and environmental contamination. Based on these findings, control efforts need to be conducted in an integrated manner through a One Health approach, including improving farm biosecurity, strengthening antibiotic use policies, educating farmers, and developing a consistent, nationally standardized AMR surveillance program. The surveillance results from research data on E. coli bacterial resistance in Indonesia can be used to significantly reduce the risk of the spread of antibiotic resistance from the cattle sector to humans.
Co-Authors Agus Widodo Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin Bunga Amelia Priatna Chrissyl Fiorell Dilyanti Maya Putri Dwi Kristanto Egrina Sonta Bako Eukaristia Junitha Fadli Ma’mun Pancar Fauzia, Sri Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana Hapsari Mahatmi Hapsari Mahatmi Hapsari Mahatmi Hastari Wuryastuti Hastari Wuryastuty I GEDE SOMA I Gusti Ketut Suarjana I Gusti Made Krisna Erawan I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Ketut Berata I Ketut Berata I Komang Pridayasa I Made Kardena I Made Kardena I Made Kardena I Made Kardena I Nengah Kerta Besung I Nyoman Mantik Astawa I Nyoman Mantik Astawa I Nyoman Mantik Astawa I Nyoman Mantik Astawa I Wayan Batan I Wayan Gorda I Wayan Gorda I Wayan Mahesa Satria Paramananda I Wayan Sudira IDA AYU PASTI APSARI Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari Ida Bagus Kade Suardana Ida Bagus Kade Suardana Ida Bagus Komang Ardana Ida Bagus Made Oka IDA BAGUS NGURAH SWACITA Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Ketut Nanda Maharanthi Kezia Joana Limarta Khairunnisa Zahra Ravenska Korbinianus Feribertus Rinca Lita Rakhma Yustinasari Maria Tarsisia Luju Meida, Yeocelin Meida Mochammad Imron Awalludin Monica Dwi Siswanto Ni Ketut Suwiti Novarina Sulsia Ista'In Ningtyas NYOMAN ADI SURATMA Nyoman Adi Suratma Nyoman Adi Suratma Nyoman Adi Suratma Nyoman Adi Suratma Prasanjaya, Putu Nara PUTU HENRYWAESA SUDIPA R. Wasito Raden Wasito Regita Laras Saputri Restu Libriani Rina Isnawati, Rina Rindar Mentari Nusanti Putri Rizqan Mubdi Roselin Gultom Sari, Ni Komang Wahyu Centika Siswanto Siswanto Susiani, Rina Dwi Tjokorda Sari Nindhia TRI KOMALA SARI Viviana Anyaputri Tanurahardja Wayan Gede Ananta Brahmananda Widyasanti, Ni Wayan Helpina Yamin Yaddi Yeocelin Meida Utami Yeyen Agustianingsi Yohana Maria Febrizki Bollyn