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All Journal Al-Ahkam Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah JURNAL LENTERA : Kajian Keagamaan, Keilmuan dan Teknologi SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Al-MARSHAD: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam ELFALAKY: Jurnal Ilmu Falak Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer Salimiya : Jurnal Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Ulumul Qur'an: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir Kalosara: Family Law Review Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah Journal of Shoutheast Asian Islam and Society (JSEAIS) Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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The Implications of Air Humidity on Determining the Sun's Dip for the Start of Isha Prayer Kurlian Puspa Dwi Dharma Yanti; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Ahmad Abdillah Rauf Syam
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v8i1.15280

Abstract

This study aims to explain the implications of air humidity on determining the beginning of Isha prayer time. This is because of the different times of Syafaq's disappearance at the same location, due to air humidity, which has led to differences of opinion regarding the dip of the Sun. This research is a qualitative study using a field research approach. The primary source is data collected through direct observation with a Sky Quality Meter (SQM) over 30 days in the highlands of Tanjung Heran Village and at Cemara Indah Beach. This study found that air humidity on the coast of Cemara Indah, with a value of <80%, detected the disappearance of Syafaq Ahmar at Dip -18°, which is the same as the dip of the Sun according to the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs. Meanwhile, air humidity of 81-90% resulted in a variable dip in the Sun and, of course, Syafaq disappeared more quickly. In the highlands of Tanjung Heran Village, the air humidity of 95-99% caused Syafaq to be detected as disappearing faster than -18 °, with higher values indicating faster disappearance. Therefore, humidity levels are one of the factors that influence the calculation of the Sun’s Dip to determine the start time of the Isha prayer.
HISAB AWAL WAKTU SALAT DALAM KITAB RISALAH FALAK AL-ANWAR Nur Imani Surur; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
Salimiya: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Salimiya
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Penerbitan dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP3M) IAIFA Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58401/salimiya.v6i1.2070

Abstract

This study explores the method and accuracy of the initial calculation of prayer times in the book Risalah Falak Al-Anwar. This book uses a different algorithm concept. The difference lies in the data on solar declination and the equation of time used are stagnant (eternal). The calculation also does not include corrections to the altitude of the place. While other modern prayer time calculation methods use solar declination data and equation of time which are updated annually. The research method used is a literature study with data analysis from the book Risalah Falak Al-Anwar. This study produced two findings, First, the initial calculation of prayer times in the book Risalah Falak Al Anwar is included in the haqiqi tahqiqi method, because in its calculations it already uses the spherical trigonometry formula. The equation of time data is adopted from the book Nur al-Anwar and the solar declination data is calculated manually using the solar longitude difference formula. Second, the results of the calculation of prayer times in the book Risalah Falak Al Anwar are quite accurate, because the largest difference with the Ephemeris is 1 minute 51 seconds.
PENGAMATAN SYAFAQ DI KARIMUN JAWA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISA PERBANDINGAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA DAN 3D SURFACE Hawwin Chilyatina; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; M. Nur Iskandar Fajri
Salimiya: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Salimiya
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Penerbitan dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP3M) IAIFA Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58401/salimiya.v6i1.2080

Abstract

The criteria for shafaq remain a matter of debate among Muslims, particularly among scholars who propose varying solar depression angles, such as -15°, -18°, -19°, -19.5°, and -20°. These differences directly affect the determination of prayer times, as the start of prayer depends on the chosen solar elevation angle. This issue is of particular concern to the Muslim community, especially in relation to the onset of the Isha prayer. In this study, the author conducts observations to examine the shafaq phenomenon. Data were collected through observations on Karimun Jawa Island using a smartphone camera (Poco F1) with ISO 1600, an 8-second shutter speed, and 15-second intervals between photos. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-comparative approach by comparing two or more variables, utilizing two types of analysis: light intensity comparison and 3D Surface analysis, both using features available in the Astro ImageJ application. The study demonstrates that the shafaq phenomenon can be effectively analyzed using both methods, although differences were observed. The light intensity comparison method detected the shafaq approximately 10 minutes later than the 3D Surface analysis.
The Dynamics of Imkan ar-Rukyat Criteria in Indonesia: Comparing Muhammad Mansur's Thought in Kitab Mizan al-I'tidal with the Neo-MABIMS Criteria Muhammad Roihan Dliyaul Haq; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (June)
Publisher : Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v5i1.5065

Abstract

Crucial differences in determining the beginning of the Hijri months, such as Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhu al-Hijjah in Indonesia, are often triggered by a methodological dichotomy among Islamic organizations. This divergence is distinctly evident between the rukyat (lunar observation) method guided by Nahdlatul Ulama and the hisab (astronomical calculation) method adopted by Muhammadiyah. As an integrative solution, the concept of imkan ar-rukyat (possibility of sighting) emerges to bridge these two approaches through scientific lunar visibility criteria. Based on this reality, this study aims to conduct an in-depth examination of the dynamics of the imkan ar-rukyat criteria in Indonesia by comparing Muhammad Mansur's thoughts in the Kitab Mizan al-I'tidal with the neo-MABIMS criteria. This research employs a library research method utilizing a historical-comparative approach and descriptive analysis techniques. Primary data were extracted from the Kitab Mizan al-I'tidal, while secondary data were sourced from official MABIMS policy documents and Ministry of Religious Affairs regulations. The results reveal that Muhammad Mansur strongly rejected the rigid establishment of a lunar altitude threshold, such as at 7 degrees. Instead, he viewed imkan al-ru'yah as a dynamic and naturalistic concept grounded in continuous empirical observation, evidenced by testimonies of lunar sightings below 7° in various regions of Java. This dynamic paradigm aligns with the adaptive nature of the MABIMS criteria, which evolved from the old standard (altitude 2°, elongation 3°, moon age 8 hours) to the neo-MABIMS criteria (altitude 3° and elongation 6.4°) implemented since 2022. The government, through the Ministry of Religious Affairs, optimizes these criteria as a unifying instrument for the Muslim community. In conclusion, there is a paradigmatic continuity between the Nusantara astronomical turats (heritage) and contemporary criteria, affirming that lunar visibility standards remain open to revision in line with advancements in science and technology.
Fiqh Principles and the Legitimacy of Indonesia's Isbat Session System Annisa Nurfadilah; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Muh. Rasywan Syarif
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember)
Publisher : Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.6890

Abstract

This study aims to examine the sharia legitimacy of the Isbat Session in determining the beginning of the lunar month in Indonesia through the perspective of the fiqh principle of Tasharruf al-Imam ‘ala al-Ra’iyyah Manutun bi al-Maslahah. The focus of the study is to analyze the normative basis of this principle as a basis for state authority and to test the effectiveness of its implementation in reconciling differences in hisab-rukyat and realizing the welfare of the people. The study uses empirical qualitative methods with content analysis and critical discourse analysis approaches. Primary data includes official documents from the Ministry of Religious Affairs regarding the results of the Isbat Session for the 2015–2025 period and public responses, while secondary data are sourced from fiqh literature, journals, and related books. The research findings indicate that the Isbat Session has strong sharia legitimacy based on the principle of tasharruf al-imam, where the state acts as ulil amri who ensures the realization of public welfare through collective decisions. Empirically, 82% of the Isbat Session decisions were successfully agreed upon by the government, NU, and Muhammadiyah, proving the forum's effectiveness as a unifying instrument. However, 18% of the differences that occurred—particularly with Muhammadiyah—were caused by fundamental methodological differences between rukyat bil fi'li (NU) and hisab wujudul hilal (Muhammadiyah). This study concludes that the Isbat Session is a form of Islamic jurisprudence that is valid according to sharia and effective in creating legal certainty and social stability, although further efforts are still needed to embrace the remaining methodological differences.
Interpreting Fajr Ṣādiq Observations for Dawn Prayer Time Determination: A Comparative Atmospheric Framework Using Köppen Classification in Indonesia Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Afiif Noor; Citra Rizky Lestari; M Nur Iskandar Fajri; Muhammad Zainal Mawahib
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v28i1.45366

Abstract

Accurate determination of the dawn prayer (ṣubḥ) time is dependent on the correct identification of fajr ṣādiq. Regardless of this fact, observational results remain inconsistent, owing to differences in observational methods and atmospheric conditions. Therefore, this study investigates fajr ṣādiq using AstroImageJ image analysis and Sky Quality Meter (SQM) measurements at three Indonesian locations representing Equatorial, Monsoon, and Savanna climates according to the Köppen classification. To achieve this objective, we collected sequential dawn images and sky brightness data simultaneously and analysed them independently. AstroImageJ consistently identified fajr ṣādiq at a solar depression angle of approximately −19° across all sites, while SQM measurements showed greater variability. These results suggest that fajr ṣādiq observations should be interpreted by considering observational methods and atmospheric characteristics alongside astronomical parameters. By introducing the Köppen climate classification as a comparative framework, this investigation advances understanding of astronomical parameters as scientific representations that support Islamic legal reasoning in determining the beginning of the dawn prayer, while preserving its normative foundations.
Construction of the Scientific Exegesis of QS Az-Zumar: 6 in Tafsir al-Ayat al-Kawniyyah fi al-Qur'an al-Karim by Zaghlul al-Najjar Ahmad Azwar Said; Agus Imam Kharomen; Butsani Arief Abdul Rahiim; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
Ulumul Qur'an: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Ulumul Qur'an: September 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Al-Quran dan Tafsir STIU Darul Quran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58404/juq.v6i2.926

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine Zaghlul al-Najjar's construction of the scientific exegesis of Q.S. Az-Zumar [39]:6 in his work, Tafsir al-Ayat al-Kawniyyah fi al-Qur'an al-Karim. Previous studies on al-Najjar have tended to focus on the correspondence between his interpretations and scientific findings, while his methodological construction of verses on human creation has received limited attention. This study maps al-Najjar's patterns of argumentation, scholarly approaches, and methodological strategies in explaining human creation and identifies their distinctive features by comparing them with those of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and Tantawi Jawhari. This qualitative study employs library research. The primary data include al-Najjar's interpretation of Q.S. Az-Zumar [39]: 6, whereas the secondary data include the literature on scientific exegesis, the history of science, and embryology. The data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by identifying argumentation patterns and categorizing linguistic, intertextual, scientific, and historical approaches. The findings show that al-Najjar integrates embryological terminology and data, the history of scientific development, related Qur'anic verses, and visual illustrations to construct a correspondence between the Qur'anic text and modern scientific knowledge. Comparatively, al-Najjar's distinctive feature lies in the systematic integration of these elements and the emphasis on i'jaz 'ilmi. These findings indicate a shift from interpretations emphasizing theological argumentation and scientific reflection toward a more specific, systematic, and embryologically data-driven construction of scientific exegesis.
Co-Authors Adeni, Adeni Afiif Noor Agus Imam Kharomen Agus Solikin Ahmad Abdillah Rauf Syam Ahmad Azwar Said Ahmad Izzuddin Ahmad Luqman Hakim Ahmad Luqman Hakim, Ahmad Luqman Ahmad Syifaul Anam Ahmadi Syifaul Anam Annisa Nurfadilah Ardliansyah, Moelki Fahmi asyari, ahmad muhajir Butsani Arief Abdul Rahiim Citra Rizky Lestari Farid, Firdaus Firqi Hidayat Fitriyatul Laili Hikam, Farras Fathan Ikhsan Mahaendra Jundil Ikrom Kholis, Nor Kurlian Puspa Dwi Dharma Yanti M Nur Iskandar Fajri M. Nur Iskandar Fajri M. Saifulloh Machzumy, Machzumy Maryatul Kibtyah Muhammad Rasywan Syarif Muhammad Roihan Dliyaul Haq Muhammad Zainal Mawahib Muhammad Zainal Mawahib Musliatin Muttaqien, Ade Imam Nur Imani Surur Prastyorini*, Niken Rahman, Mohammad Zulfaiz Akbar bin Abdul Royyani, Muh Arif Siti Tatmainul Qulub Sukarni Syahri Ramdani Zahra Fauziah