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All Journal Sari Pediatri Paediatrica Indonesiana FIRM: Journal of Management Studies PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO Proceedings Book of International Conference and Exhibition on The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute
Theresia Santi, Theresia
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Journal : paediatrica indonesiana

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Evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody persistence in school-age children in Jakarta, Indonesia Santi, Theresia; Prayitno, Ari; Munasir, Zakiudin; Hadinegoro, Sri Rezeki S.; Harahap, Alida Roswita; Werdhani, Retno Asti; Sah Bandar, Ivo Novita; Jo, Juandy; Hegar, Badriul
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 64 No. 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi64.5.2024.447-53

Abstract

Background Diphtheria can be effectively prevented by adequate immunization. A combined vaccine against diphtheria toxoid, pertussis, and tetanus toxoid (DPT) is currently used in routine pediatric immunizations. Outbreaks of diphtheria could emerge in Indonesia as a consequence of declining routine vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To analyze the impact of the first (administered at 18-24 months of age ) and second diphtheria boosters (administered at 5-7 years of age ) in retaining protective levels of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies. We also investigated for relevant factors associated with anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody titers. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Senen District of Jakarta, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were healthy children aged 6 to 7 years with documented history of DPT vaccination. Primary vaccination defined as 3 doses of DPT at age less than 1 year , first booster was DPT vaccination at 18-24 years of age, and second booster was diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccination received at 5 to 7 years of age. Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from participating children, after informed consent was provided by their parents. Antibodies against diphtheria in sera specimens were assessed by commercial anti-diphtheria toxoid immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were 154 children included in the study, with a female majority (61%). Overall, specific humoral immunity against diphtheria was observed in 113 children (73.4%). There was no statistical difference in immunity level between genders. Importantly, children who received the first and second diphtheria booster had significantly higher anti-diphtheria antibody level than those who did not receive both diphtheria booster (P<0.001). Conclusion Booster vaccinations are crucial among school-age children in Indonesia to improve their anti-diphtheria immunity and to minimize a risk of diphtheria outbreaks.
Microbial profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns in neonatal intensive care units: an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia Santi, Theresia; Robertus, Thomas; Dewanto, Naomi Esthernita Fauzia; Hidayat, Feronica Kusuma; Hidayat, Ferry; Sungono, Veli; Jo, Juandy
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 66 No. 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Neonatal sepsis requires prompt antimicrobial treatment. A lack of information on patterns of antibiotic resistance among the bacteria across hospitals hinders the treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to changes in neonatal infection patterns and antimicrobial resistance.  Data describing these changes remain scarce in Indonesia. Objective To determine the spectrum of pathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns among Indonesian neonates with sepsis, prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This retrospective study  was done to examine patterns of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) at Siloam Hospital Kebon Jeruk and Lippo Cikarang for 6 years, i.e., January 2018 to December 2020 (“Prior/Early COVID-19 Pandemic” or first phase) and January 2021 to December 2023 (“Mid/Late COVID-19 Pandemic” or second phase). The inclusion criteria were newborns with suspected or proven sepsis who underwent microbiological specimen collection for the assessment of antimicrobial resistance. We compared patterns of isolated pathogens and their antibiotic resistance of neonates with sepsis in two private hospitals, prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results There were more participants in the first phase than in the second phase (44 vs. 33, respectively), resulting in more pathogenic isolates in the former than the latter phase (43 vs. 23, respectively). There were more Gram-negative bacteria detected than Gram-positive bacteria, although a reduction of several Gram-negative bacterial species from the order of Enterobacterales (including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) was detected in the second phase. The resistance of Enterobacterales to gentamicin and third-generation cephalosporins was substantially increased in the second phase. Conclusion Despite an overall decline in isolate numbers, the observed increase in antibiotic resistance among Enterobacterales in the second phase may reflect suboptimal stewardship and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis management in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Agustina Anugrah, Andreas Surya Ardini Saptaningsih Raksanagara, Ardini Saptaningsih Ardini, Ni Putu Ari Prayitno, Ari Badriul Hegar Dewanto, Naomi Esthernita Fauzia Dina Garniasih, Dina Ferry Hidayat Hamik, Welli Harahap, Alida Roswita Hidayat, Feronica Kusuma Ivo Novita Sah Bandar Juandy Jo Lukman, Leni Nusasenjaya, Radite Purwoko, Reza Yuridian Retno Asti Werdhani Ridwansyah Ridwansyah Rima Melati Robertus, Thomas Sri Rezeki S. Hadinegoro, Sri Rezeki S. Sugiharto, Jessica Tandra, Irene Mutiara Veli Sungono Yogi Prawira Zakiudin Munasir