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PERANCANGAN MESIN EXTRUDER BRIKET BATOK KELAPA DENGAN METODE VDI 2222 Djuhari, Yoel Permana; Mulyono, Julius; Mulyana, Jaka; Santosa, Hadi; Joewono, Andrew
JURNAL CRANKSHAFT Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Jurnal Crankshaft Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muria Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24176/cra.v8i4.16245

Abstract

Desain dan pengembangan mesin extruder briket berbasis metode Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 2222 telah berhasil direalisasikan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas produksi briket dari biomassa, khususnya batok kelapa. Peningkatan populasi global dan ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil mendorong kebutuhan akan energi terbarukan, dan briket biomassa menawarkan solusi yang ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis. Proses produksi briket manual masih menghadapi tantangan seperti tekanan tidak seragam dan kualitas briket yang bervariasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada perancangan mesin extruder yang optimal. Penerapan metode VDI 2222 yang sistematis mencakup tahap perencanaan, konseptualisasi, perancangan, dan penyelesaian, memastikan desain produk sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan spesifikasi teknis. Mesin yang dirancang memiliki volume hopper 0,005567 m3, tekanan ekstrusi 5 MPa, dan kapasitas produksi 35 kg/jam. Angka ini jauh melampaui produksi manual dan memenuhi standar industri. Komponen utama seperti screw extruder berdiameter 42 mm dengan sudut 3∘, nozzle pencetak berukuran 2,5 cm, serta motor 1 HP dan gearbox telah dianalisis untuk memastikan kinerja optimal dan efisiensi energi. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa mesin extruder ini efektif meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah organik dan mendukung industri skala kecil dan menengah. Kata kunci:  Mesin Extruder, Briket Batok Kelapa, VDI 222, Efisiensi Produk
Assessment of Water Availability and Demand Balance at Air Keluar Spring, Hutumury Watershed, Ambon City Maelissa, Nelda; Mulyono, Julius; Betaubun, Renny James; Serang, Rudi
Widya Teknik Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The availability of clean water is a key indicator of sustainable infrastructure, particularly in island and urban regions where water sources are vulnerable to climate and land-use change. This study assesses the balance between water availability and demand at the Air Keluar Spring located within the Hutumury watershed, Ambon city. The research aims to evaluate whether the existing discharge can meet the current and projected water demand in Sirimau district and to identify the technical and environmental factors influencing the imbalance between supply and demand. The methodology integrates field discharge measurement, overlay analysis of land-use change (2018-2022), and clean water demand estimation following SNI 6728.1.2015 standards, supported by secondary data from PDAM Ambon, BMKG, and BPS. The results indicate that the natural discharge fluctuates between 0 and 4783 m3/s, with an annual average of 2.3 m3/s, yet only 0.04m3/s is effectively utilised for public supply. Meanwhile, the current water demand in Sirimau district is 0.379 m3/s and is projected to rise to 0.394m3/s by 2030. This operational deficit of approximately 0.339 m3/s (29,300 m3/day) is primarily due to reduced infiltration capacity following a 44% decrease in forest cover in the upstream watershed. The study concludes that water scarcity in Ambon city is not caused by limited natural resources but by inefficient utilisation and declining environmental function. Technical recommendations include expanding intake and reservoir capacity, reducing non-revenue water, and restoring upstream vegetation to enhance baseflow stability and ensure long-term water sustainability.