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All Journal Coding: Jurnal Komputer dan Aplikasi Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Jurnal Edukasi dan Penelitian Informatika (JEPIN) JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat G-Tech : Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Jurnal Computer Science and Information Technology (CoSciTech) JUSTIN (Jurnal Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Tanjungpura International Journal on Dynamics Economics, Social Sciences, and Agribusiness (TIJDESSA) Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia Mekongga: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Aplikasi dan Riset Informatika
Hafiz Muhardi
Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Journal : journal of embedded systems security and intelligent systems

 1 
Secure Automated Reconnaissance Using LLM Agents and a Layered Cryptographic Protection Pipeline Ikhwan Ruslianto; Wijang Widhiarso; Hafiz Muhardi
Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Vol 7 No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/jessi.v7i2.2621

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to design and evaluate a secure reconnaissance platform that integrates Large Language Model (LLM) agents for dynamic tool orchestration with a layered cryptographic protection pipeline to accelerate penetration-testing information gathering while protecting sensitive artefacts. Design/methods/approach – The platform unifies Nmap, WHOIS, and theHarvester under an LLM controller that generates command-line parameters through schema-constrained orchestration. Each output is validated against a strict JSON schema before execution. The protection pipeline applies AES-256-GCM with envelope keys for confidentiality, HMAC-SHA256 hash chaining for tamper-evident logs, Ed25519 signatures for report-level non-repudiation, and Argon2id-derived session keys. Evaluation was conducted on three public domains across thirty runs each, measuring latency, cryptographic overhead, verification integrity, signature validation, and an internal CVSS-informed triage score. Findings - The prototype showed that automated reconnaissance and cryptographic auditability can be combined with limited performance cost. A full pass over untan.ac.id completed in 14.97 seconds and produced an internal triage-heuristic score of 78/100. Cryptographic operations added 312 ms on average, equal to about 2.08% of total latency. All hash-chain links were verified, and Ed25519 signatures were validated in 71 µs. Research implications/limitations – The findings support red-team and blue-team workflows requiring faster, auditable reconnaissance reporting. However, the evidence is limited to three public domains under one network condition; therefore, the results should be interpreted as feasibility evidence, not generalisable performance claims. The risk score is an internal prioritisation heuristic, not a validated severity instrument. Originality/value – The study contributes a secure LLM-orchestrated reconnaissance framework that integrates structured command orchestration with cryptographic safeguards for confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation.
Co-Authors A. Yani, Dhita Deviacita Akmal Hidayat Al-Abdaliah, Ulfat Andika, Uray Rafli Anggi Srimurdianti Sukamto Anggi Srimurdianti Sukamto, Anggi Srimurdianti Argo, Hubertus Cahyo Arif Bijaksana Putra Negara Arif Bijaksana Putra Negara Azmi, Amirull Chandra, Eggi Cucu Suhery Damayanti, Dinda Dede Kurniawan Desepta Isna Ulumi Desepta Isna Ulumi Dharmawan, Eric Dolly Virgian Shaka Yudha Sakti Dwi Marisa Midyanti Dwi Nyoto, Rudi Elang Derdian Marindani Elytia, Elytia Esra Martogi Aprianto Silitonga Eva Faja Ripanti Fajrie Dwi Oktofri Felik, Felik Galih Rizky Fahrezi Gatoto Widodo Guntur, Arifin Sidiq Tunggal Helen Sasty Pratiwi, Helen Sasty Helen Sastypratiwi Helen Sastypratiwi Helen Sastypratiwi Helen Sastypratiwi, Helen Heri Priyanto, Heri Herry Sujaini Herry Sujaini Herry Sujaini Hersyaputra, Mohamad Syazimmi Hirzen Hasfani Ihsan Maulana Ikhwan Ruslianto Irma Nirmala Islami, Habi Istiyan, Nur Jefri Hasiholan Simanjuntak Kartika Sari Kasliono Kasliono Mandau, M Yunus Marisa Midyanti, Dwi Maulidya, Nurul Fatimah Mauludin, Rizqi Mega Noveanto Mega Noveanto Muhammad Azhar Irwansyah Muhammad Raehan Maulana Muhammad Reza Saputra Muniyati, Evi Fathiyah Nadinda, Dara Nindi, Pipin Puspa Novi Safriadi Novi Safriadi Nur Ath Thariq, Muhammad Arifaldi Nyoto, Rudi Dwi Pascal Tangkitn Carandas Pratama, Farhan Putra, Rasmi Gumilang Putri, Indira Melinda Rahmi Hidayati Ramadhani Edo Saputra Risqi, Yahya Rita Wahyuni Rudy Dwi Nyoto Rudy Dwi Nyoto, Rudy Dwi Sajid, Fahmi Sari, Dian Aulia Setiawan, Nurul Ivan Sherren Jessica Angelina Sholva, Yus Ss, Renny Wulandari Ss, Renny Wulandari Suhardi Suhardi Syamsul Bahri Syamsul Bahri Tedy Rismawan Tursina Tursina Tursina Uray Ristian Wahyuni, Mirda Wenewasti, Ignatia Tri Wijang Widhiarso Yulianti Yulianti Yulianti Yulianti Yulianti Yulianti Yurida, Nur Harsi Yurida, Nur Harsi