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SIFAT FISIK TABLET DIHYDROARTEMISININ-PIPERAQUIN (DHP) SEDIAAN GENERIK DAN SEDIAAN DENGAN NAMA DAGANG YANG BEREDAR DI KOTAMADYA JAYAPURA Syamsia, Syamsia
PHARMACON Vol 6, No 3 (2017): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.6.2017.16945

Abstract

SIFAT FISIK TABLET DIHYDROARTEMISININ-PIPERAQUIN (DHP)  SEDIAAN GENERIK DAN SEDIAAN DENGAN NAMA DAGANG YANG BEREDAR DI KOTAMADYA JAYAPURA  Syamsia1), Rani Dewi Pratiwi2), Susana1)1)Prodi Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Jayapura2)Prodi Farmasi Universitas Cenderawasih*Email : run_dewi2987@yahoo.com  ABSTRACT  The goverment is currently promoting the use of generic drugs. People still consider that drugs withbrand name are more qualified than generic. To socializing and increasing the use of generic drugs required information about the quality of drugs. Therefore a physical test can be used as one of the quality parameters with the dyhidroartemisinin-piperaquin drugs sample. Sampling was done form one generic product and one product by brand name. Physical characteristic tests include test of weight unuformity, friability and hardnees test compare to standard in Indonesia Pharmacopoeia. The result showed that the physical test of generic dosage form and brand names dosage form of dyhidroartemisinin-piperaquin tablet were eligible by the Indonesia Pharmacopoeia and other literature. Keywords : Physical Test, Dyhidroartemisinin-Piperaquin Table, Generic    dosage   form,                    Brand Names dosage form ABSTRAKPemerintah saat ini sedang menggalakkan pemakaian obat generik. Masyarakat masih menganggap bahwa obat dengan nama dagang lebih bermutu dari pada obat generik. Untuk memasyarakatkan dan meningkatkan penggunaan obat generik diperlukan informasi tentang mutu obat tersebut, oleh karena itu dilakukan uji sifat fisik yang dapat digunakan sabagai salah satu parameter mutu dengan sampel obat Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquin. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dari 1 produk generik dan 1 produk dengan nama dagang. Uji sifat fisik meliputi keragaman bobot, kerapuhan dan kekerasan yang dibandingkan dengan persyaratan dalam literatur. Hasil uji sifat fisik menunjukkan sediaan generik dan sediaan dengan nama dagang tablet Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquin memenuhi persyaratan sifat fisik tablet sesuai yang tercantum dalam Farmakope Indonesia dan pustaka yang lain.Kata kunci : Sifat Fisik, Tablet Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquin, Generik, Nama Dagang   
PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BENIH BAWANG MERAH BERBASIS KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA TABBINJAI KECAMATAN TOMBOLOPAO KABUPATEN GOWA SULAWESI SELATAN Idhan, Abubakar; Syamsia, Syamsia; Patappari, Amanda
Ngayah: Majalah Aplikasi IPTEKS Vol 9 No 1 (2018): Ngayah: Majalah Aplikasi IPTEKS
Publisher : Forum Layanan IPTEKS Bagi Masyarakat (FLipMAS) Wilayah Bali

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Abstract

IbDM/PPDM Produksi Benih Bawang Merah Berbasis Kelompok Tani di Desa Tabbinjai Kecamatan Tombolopao Kabupaten Gowa Sulawesi Selatan, berada pada ketinggian ± 1000 meter dari permukaan air laut, dengan jarak sekitar 106 km dari kota Makassar merupakan salah satu Desa sentra pengembangan tanaman sayuran. Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditaspertanian yang pernah dikembangkan secara besar-besaran di daerah tersebut, namun karena sejalan dengan waktu petani mulai meninggalkan komoditas tersebut akibat mahalnya umbi bibit yang mengakibatkan biaya produksi tinggi, dan harga jual yang terkadang rendah saat panen raya tiba, mengakibatkan petani merugi. Akibat kenyataan-kenyataan yang sering dialami petani mengakibatkan komoditas tersebut ditinggalkan untuk dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang Produksi Biji Botani Sepuluh Varietas bawang merah di Kelurahan Tamaona Kecamatan Tombolopao, menunjukkan bahwa lima varietas yang ditanam didaerah tersebut mempunyai potensi menghasilkan biji botani(Idhan, A. 2016). Salah satu diantaranya adalah varietas Trisula yang dikembangkangkan dalam program PPDM.Berdasarkan fakta potensi lahan dan iklim yang dimiliki daerah tersebut maka dalam pelaksanaannya kegiatan inimemberi harapan besar yang nampak pada hasil yang dicapai saat sekarang ini yaitu ; pertumbuhan tanaman dan pembungaannya sesuai dengan harapan untuk mencapai tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu : 1) aplikasi teknologi budidaya bawang merah berbasis hasil penelitian untuk produksi biji botani; 2) kelompok tani mitra membudidayakan bawang merah dengan menggunakan biji botani sebagai bahan tanaman untuk menghasilkan umbi konsumsi sebagai produk utama; kelompok tani mitra akan menghasilkan benih bawang merah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sendiri, dan secara bersamaan menghasilkan pula umbi konsumsi. Diharapkan dimasa mendatang akan menjadi sentra penangkar benih guna memenuhi kebutuhan bahan tanaman (benih bawang merah) di Sulawesi Selatan. IbDM / PPDM Production of Onion Seeds Based on Farmer Group in Tabbinjai Village Tombolopao District, Gowa regency of South Sulawesi, located at an altitude of ± 1000 meters from the sea surface, with a distance of about 106 km from Makassar is one of the centers of vegetable plant development.Onions are one of the most widely developed agricultural commodities in the area, but as time goes by farmers start to abandon these commodities due to the high price of seeds plus high production costs, and sometimes low prices when the harvest falls, farmers lose money. Due to the facts that often experienced who abandoned commodities to be cultivated. Based on the results of research on the Production of Ten Botanical Seeds ofonion in Tamaona, Tombolopao District, showed that five varieties planted in the area have the potential to produce botanical seed (Idhan, A. 2016). One of them is Trisula variety which is developed in PPDM program.Based on the facts of land and climate potentials in the area, in the implementation of these activities, the great expectations are visible in the results achieved today; plant growth in accordance with expectations to achieve the objectives of this activity were: 1) application of onion cultivation technology based on research results for the production of botanical seeds; 2) partner farmer groups cultivate onions by using botanical seeds as plant material to produce consumption tubers as main products; partner farmer groups will produce onion seeds to meet their own bunchs, and simultaneously produce also consumption bunch. It is hoped that in the future, it will become a seed breeder center to meet the bunchs of plant material (onion seed) in South Sulawesi.
PPUPIK PUSAT PRODUKSI BENIH BERSERTIFIKAT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR Syamsia, Syamsia; Idhan, Abubakar; Kasifah, Kasifah; Noerfitryani, Noerfitryani
Ngayah: Majalah Aplikasi IPTEKS Vol 9 No 2 (2018): Ngayah: Majalah Aplikasi IPTEKS
Publisher : Forum Layanan IPTEKS Bagi Masyarakat (FLipMAS) Wilayah Bali

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Abstract

PPUPIK Pusat Produksi Benih Bersertifikat Unismuh Makassar was established with the aim of meeting the community's need for quality seed crops according to standards and obtaining certification. This activity was inspired by the results of lecturer research at the University of Muhammadiyah Makassar related to seed production and the development of appropriate technology to support seed production as well as the availability of skilled and trained human resources in carrying out seed production and other appropriate technologies. The main products of PPUPIK Pusat Produksi Benih Bersertifikat Unismuh Makassar are hybrid corn seeds and the additional products are plant seeds, planting media, compost, terrarium, hydroponic installations and hydroponic vegetables. Hybrid corn seeds are produced using crossing technology and production techniques in accordance with technical instructions for hybrid corn seed production. The main seed used is certified seed produced by Balitseral Maros. Product marketing is carried out directly at the PPUPIK Office tower building Iqra,6th Floor,Faculty of Agriculture Muhammadiyah University of Makassar and on line marketing through the website www.ppupikbenihunismuh.com Production sustainability is carried out by forming partnerships with corn farmer groups, and for marketing partnerships with breeding companies. This activity is a place of practice for students of the Faculty of Agriculture's Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, generating income, and new entrepreneurs as well as developing the entrepreneurial spirit of lecturers and students.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI MICROGREENS PAKCOY PADA JENIS MEDIA TANAM DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR URIN SAPI Syamsia, Syamsia; Haslinda, Haslinda; Idhan, Abubakar
Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan Vol 13 No 1 (2024): Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian da
Publisher : Jurusan Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51978/agro.v13i1.817

Abstract

Plant media and nutrition are key faktors in plant growth, including pakchoy microgreens. This research aims to determine the effect of the type of planting media and the dose of cow urine liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of pachoy microgreens. This research was structured using a factorial Randomized Group Design (RGD). The first factor is that the planting media consists of 3 levels, namely: cocopeat (M1), husk charcoal (M2) and cocopeat + husk charcoal (M3). The second factor is the dose of liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine cinsisting of 2 levels, namely a doses of 25 ml/L (D1), 50 ml/L (D2) and a control using water (D0). The research results show that media treatment and liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the fresh weight to microgreens, but had No. significant effect on germination time, emergence of cotyledons and 100% germination. The use of cocopeat media without the applicaation of liquid organic ferlitizwer gave a better response compared to the application of liquid organic fertilizer. Husk charcoal medai, mixed media of husk charcoal and cocopeat with the aplication of 25 ml/L liquid organic fertilizer gave a better response than without the application of liquid organic fertilizer. The use of cocopeat media shoud not be accompanied by the application of liquid organic fertilizer.
PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA HIDROPONIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS LAHAN PADA KELOMPOK TANI HUTAN (KTH) LAMPERANGAN Syamsia, Syamsia; Rahim, Iradhatullah; Anwar, Andi Rahayu; Rohana, Rohana; Safira, Nanda; Amandira, Selfi; Syahrir, Muhammad; Aidin, Ilhamsyah; Syafar, Sukma
Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENGABDIAN VOL. 10 NO. 1 OKTOBER 2024
Publisher : Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNHAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jdp.v10i1.41505

Abstract

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Lamperangan tentang teknik bercocok tanam hidroponik sayuran untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Teknologi hidroponik yang diperkenalkan diharapakan dapat diterapkan oleh mitra sasaran dan menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi kelompok tani Lamperangan serta menjadi tempat eduwisata. Kegiatan ini dibagi dalam 3 tahapan yaitu: 1) Persiapan bahan dan peralatan; 2) Pelatihan dan penyuluhan; dan 3) Penerapan budidaya hidroponik sayuran. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa anggota KTH Lamperangan memiliki minat yang cukup besar dalam menerapkan teknik budidaya hidroponik, peserta pelatihan sangat bersemangat saat praktek persemaian benih sayuran pada media rockwol, pemindahan bibit yang telah tumbuh ke instalasi serta pembuatan larutan nutrisi AB mix. ABSTRACT This activity aims to provide knowledge and skills to the Lamperangan Forest Farmers Group (KTH) regarding hydroponic vegetable farming techniques to increase land productivity. It is hoped that the hydroponic technology introduced can be implemented by target partners and become a source of income for Lamperangan farming groups as well as becoming an educational tourism destination. This activity is divided into 3 stages, namely: 1) preparation of materials and equipment; 2) training and counseling; 3) Application of hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The results of this service activity can be concluded that KTH Lamperangan members have quite a big interest in implementing hydroponic cultivation techniques, the training participants were very enthusiastic when practicing sowing vegetable seeds on rockwool media, transferring grown seeds to the installation and making AB mix nutrient solutions. Keywords: Edutourism, wick hydroponics, productivity.
PELATIHAN PEMBUKUAN KEUANGAN DALAM PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR Arniati, Arniati; Syamsia, Syamsia; Athirah, Aldila Mawanti; Andriyan, Yoga; Sudirman, Hendra
JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Februari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jmm.v9i1.28274

Abstract

Abstrak: Pelatihan pembukuan keuangan untuk pembuatan kompos dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) sangat penting dalam mendukung keberlanjutan usaha berbasis lingkungan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Manajemen keuangan yang baik memungkinkan kelompok usaha untuk mengelola modal, mencatat arus kas, dan mengevaluasi keuntungan secara lebih sistematis, sehingga usaha dapat berkembang secara berkelanjutan.Pelatihan pembukuan keuangan untuk pembuatan kompos dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dilaksanakan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan manajemen keuangan kelompok Wanita Osok yang berlokasi di Jalan Osok, Aimas, Kecamatan/Distrik Aimas, Kabupaten Sorong, Papua Barat Daya. Permasalahan utama adalah kurangnya pengetahuan terkait pembukuan yang efektif, mengakibatkan kurang optimalnya pengelolaan usaha kompos dan POC mereka. Kegiatan ini melibatkan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, dan praktikal dengan 21 anggota kelompok wanita. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur peningkatan kemampuan. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan softskill dalam pengelolaan keuangan sebesar 80%. Selain itu, terjadi peningkatan nilai ekonomis usaha kompos dan POC dengan efisiensi produksi dan kemampuan pencatatan yang lebih baik. Pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat mendukung keberlanjutan usaha organik kelompok wanita Osok dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga dan kesejahteraan anggota.Abstract: Financial bookkeeping training for composting and Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) is very important in supporting the sustainability of environmentally-based businesses and improving community welfare. Good financial management allows business groups to manage capital, record cash flow, and evaluate profits more systematically, so that businesses can develop sustainably..Financial bookkeeping training for making compost and Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) was carried out with the aim of improving the financial management capabilities of the Osok Women's group located on Jalan Osok, Aimas, Aimas District/District, Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua. The main problem is a lack of knowledge regarding effective bookkeeping, resulting in less than optimal management of their compost and POC businesses. This activity involved socialization, counseling and practical work with 21 women's group members. Evaluation is carried out through pre-test and post-test to measure improvement in ability. The results show an increase in soft skills in financial management by 80%. Apart from that, there has been an increase in the economic value of the compost and POC business with production efficiency and better recording capabilities. It is hoped that this training can support the sustainability of the Osok women's group's organic business in increasing family income and members' welfare.
IMPROVEMENT OF VIGOR AND EARLY GROWTH OF TWO COMPOSITE MAIZE VARIETIES THROUGH SEED PRIMING TREATMENT Kadir, Muhammad; Dzulkifly Ashan, Muhammad; Syamsia, Syamsia
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 2 No. 01 (2023): Research Articles, March 2023
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v2i01.2389

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One factor affecting productivity is the quality of seeds with good initial seed vigor indicators, but less than optimum growing environment conditions also affect seeds' growth and initial Vigor. One of the technologies that can improve it is giving priming treatment to the seeds before planting. This study aims to see the effect of priming treatment to improve the quality of Vigor and early growth of 2 composite corn varieties, namely Sukmaraga and Bisma. The research was carried out in the laboratory and the Green House, with the experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with each seed of the two varieties treated with Hydropriming (soaking seeds before planting) using Ion-Free Water (IFW) for 30 minutes, 12 hours, and 24 hours plus a control treatment without Priming, and priming using PGR made from sodium orthonitrifenol 0.2%, sodium 2,4-dinitrophenol 0.05% both as controls. So there are a total of 10 treatments. The results showed that priming treatment greatly influenced the germination, where all Hydropriming treatments gave average germination above 88%, significantly different from seeds without priming below 82%. The hypocotyl length ratio of Sukmaraga and Bisma corn seeds was also different from the treatment without priming. Seeds with hydropriming for 12 hours showed the best field growth percentage, reaching 96.7% (Sukmaraga variety) and 96.98% (Bisma variety).
The Potential of Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Hydroponic Nutrition: A Systematic Literature Review Syamsia, Syamsia
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): Research Articles, March 2024
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v3i01.3720

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Nutrients are the main component in a hydroponic system. Liquid organic fertilizer has the potential to be a source of hydroponic nutrition because it can be made from agricultural waste through a fermentation process using local microorganisms. The aim of the research is to analyze articles that use the theme of liquid organic fertilizer and describe various topics that are relevant and have novelties to be developed in future research. The bibiometric analysis used in the research used the 2019-2023 literature. The data collection method uses dimensions with the keyword "liquid organic fertilizer" to obtain 500 papers published in 2019-2023. The data was sorted into 300 articles for further analysis with the help of VOSviewer 1.6.19_Mac software. The research results show that the theme of liquid organic fertilizer implemented in scientific articles has become a serious concern and has had high interest value for researchers over the last 4 years. Several new topics that need to be studied further to support the development of liquid organic fertilizer as nutrition in hydroponic systems to support sustainable agriculture include: local microorganisms (mol), biostimulants, cocopeat, chicken manure. Elsevier is a publisher in the main ranking which publishes articles and is widely cited. Keywords with different topics are needed to analyze articles to get new ideas and innovations in developing knowledge and technology that supports sustainable agriculture.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBUAT MULTIMEDIA BAGI PELAKSANA PPUPIK PUSAT PRODUKSI BENIH BERSERTIFIKAT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR Syamsia, Syamsia; Idhan, Abubakar; Kasifah, .
Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 (2018): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENGABDIAN VOL. 4 NO. (EDISI KHUSUS) NOVEMBER 2018
Publisher : Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNHAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jdp.v4iK.5431

Abstract

Program Pengembangan Usaha Produk Intelektual Kampus (PPUPIK) Pusat Produksi Benih Bersertifikat Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar melaksanakan kegiatan produksi dan pemasaran benih jagung hibrida, biji botani bawang merah, dan kompos. Kegiatan Private Training Corel Video Studio merupakan salah satu kegiatan penunjang yang dilaksanakan oleh Tim Pelaksana PPUPIK untuk meningkatkan kemampuan IT karyawan PPUPIK dalam membuat multimedia. Multimedia merupakan integrasi beberapa media seperti audio, video, grafik, teks, animasi. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh tim pelaksana, karyawan dan mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam kegiatan PPUPIK. Kegiatan private training dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahapan yaitu: 1) ceramah; 2) pelatihan (workshop); dan 3) Konsultasi dan bimbingan online. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ini telah memberikan pengetahuan dasar tentang lembar kerja pada program Corel Video Studio serta cara menggunakannya, peserta dapat mengedit video serta menyimpan dan membagikan video yang telah diedit melalui You Tube. Kata kunci: animasi, audio, grafik, konsultasi, teks.
PRODUKSI BENIH JAGUNG HIBRIDA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM TANAM TANPA OLAH TANAH (TOT) Syamsia, Syamsia; Idhan, Abubakar; Kasifah, .
Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENGABDIAN VOL. 5 NO. 1 OKTOBER 2019
Publisher : Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNHAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jdp.v5i1.8122

Abstract

ABSTRAKJagung merupakan komoditas kedua setelah padi dengan daya adaptasi yang cukup luas sehingga dapat ditanam di lahan lahan kering, sawah tadah hujan dan sawah irigasi. Kegiatan produksi benih jagung sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi jagung dapat dilakukan di sawah tadah hujan. Budidaya jagung untuk produksi benih di sawah tadah hujan dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan sistem tanam tanpa olah tanah. Kegiatan produksi benih jagung hibrida dengan sistem tanam tanpa olah tanah (TOT) bertujuan untuk: mempercepat waktu tanam jagung setelah panen padi sehingga sisa air tanah dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman jagung dan mengurangi biaya pengolahan. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi: 1) persiapan benih induk; 2) Persiapan lahan; 3) Penanaman;  4) Pemeliharaan tanaman;                5) Roguing;  6) Detaselling; 7) Pengecekan black layer ; 8) Panen dan pasca panen. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan sistem tanam tanpa olah tanah (TOT) dalam memproduksi benih jagung hibrida pada sawah tadah hujan dapat meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dari IP 100 menjadi IP 200, mempercepat waktu tanam serta dapat memanfaatkan sisa air tanah sehingga mengurangi biaya pengolahan lahan.Kata kunci: Black layer, detaselling, metalaxyl, roguing. ABSTRACTCorn is the second commodity after rice with sufficient adaptability so that it can be planted in dry land, rainfed and irrigated fields. Corn seed production activities as an effort to support increased corn production can be done in rainfed rice fields. Corn cultivation for seed production in rainfed rice fields can be done by implementing a no tillage planting system. Hybrid corn seed production activities with a no tillage planting system (TOT) aim to: speed up the time of planting corn after the rice harvest so that the remaining ground water can be utilized for the growth of corn plants and reduce processing costs. The method of implementation includes: 1) preparation of the parent seed; 2) Land preparation; 3) Planting; 4) Plant maintenance; 5) Roguing; 6) Detasseling; 7) Black layer checking; 8) Harvest and post-harvest. The results of this activity show that the adoption of a no tillage planting system in producing hybrid corn seeds in rainfed rice fields can increase the cropping index from IP 100 to IP 200, speed up planting time and be able to utilize the residual ground water thereby reducing land management costs.Keywords: Black layer, detaselling, metalaxyl, roguing.