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UTILIZATION OF MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER DATA FOR BATHYMETRY MAPPING: EVALUATION WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Munthe, Manson Brian Utama
JGE (Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Engineering Faculty Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jge.v11i1.483

Abstract

Bathymetric mapping is crucial for understanding seabed conditions, especially in maritime countries like Indonesia. This study evaluates the quality of bathymetric data acquired using Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) in Jakarta waters. The acquired data was processed and analyzed based on the international standard IHO S-44. The results show that most acquired bathymetric data met the specified accuracy standard. However, some data did not meet the standard, especially in areas with varying depths. Bathymetric maps and seabed slope classification maps were successfully produced. The bathymetric map shows the complex morphology of the seabed, while the slope classification map indicates the dominance of flat areas. This research contributes significantly to efforts to improve the quality of bathymetric data in Indonesia.
Studi Waveform Retracking Jason-2 di Pesisir Barat Daya Sumatera Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Hasan, Muhammad Akmal
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 28, No 2 (2025): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v28i2.26228

Abstract

Monitoring sea level changes in coastal areas is critical to understand ocean dynamics and their impact on the environment and human activities. Satellite altimetry has been the main tool in these studies, but its use in coastal areas still faces obstacles, especially due to variations in waveforms reflected from the sea surface. This study evaluates the accuracy of several altimetry waveform retracking methods (OCOG, Threshold 10%, and Threshold 30% ) on the southwest coast of Sumatra. The analysis was conducted using Jason-2 data on two passes, namely pass 077 and pass 153, with validation against two tide gauge stations nearby. Results showed that the Threshold 30% method provided a more accurate estimation of the Leading Edge Point (LEP) position than the other methods, with an average difference of only 0.1 gates (0.32%) from the reference value. Meanwhile, the OCOG method has the worst performance with a difference of 6.27 gates (20.22%), indicating its inability to handle coastal waveform variations on the location. Validation of the tide gauge data shows that retracking with a 10% Threshold improves the precision of Sea Surface Height (SSH) data with the highest IMP improvement value of 65.2% and the smallest standard deviation on the Threshold 30%. This finding confirms that choosing the right retracking method plays a crucial role in improving the accuracy of satellite altimetry in coastal areas. Therefore, the Threshold method is recommended for further analysis to improve the quality of altimetry data in coastal Indonesia.   Pemantauan perubahan muka air laut di wilayah pesisir sangat penting untuk memahami dinamika laut dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan serta aktivitas manusia. Satelit Altimetri telah menjadi alat utama dalam studi ini, tetapi penggunaannya di wilayah pesisir masih menghadapi tantangan, terutama akibat variasi bentuk waveform yang dipantulkan dari permukaan laut. Studi ini mengevaluasi keakuratan metode waveform retracking altimetri OCOG, Threshold 10%, dan Threshold 30% di pesisir barat daya Sumatra. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan data Jason-2 pada dua jalur lintasan, yaitu pass 077 dan pass 153, dengan validasi terhadap data pasang surut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Threshold 30% memberikan estimasi posisi Leading Edge Point (LEP) yang lebih akurat dibandingkan metode lainnya, dengan selisih rata-rata hanya 0,1 gate (0,32%) dari nilai referensi. Sementara itu, metode OCOG memiliki performa paling tidak akurat dengan selisih sebesar 6,27 gate (20,22%), yang mengindikasikan ketidakmampuannya dalam menangani variasi waveform di pesisir. Validasi terhadap data pasang surut menunjukkan bahwa retracking dengan Threshold 10% meningkatkan presisi data Sea Surface Height (SSH) dengan nilai peningkatan IMP tertinggi sebesar 65,2% dan standar deviasi terkecil pada metode Threshold 30%. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan metode retracking yang tepat berperan krusial dalam meningkatkan akurasi satelit altimetri di wilayah pesisir. Oleh karena itu, metode Threshold direkomendasikan untuk analisis lebih lanjut guna meningkatkan kualitas data altimetri di kawasan pesisir Indonesia.
Evaluasi Akurasi Data LiDAR ALS-70 untuk Pemodelan 3D di Area Bandara Perkotaan: Studi Kasus Bandara Sultan Thaha, Jambi Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan
Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika Vol. 5 No. 1: April 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geomatika Fakultas Teknologi Mineral Universitas Pembangunan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/imagi.v5i1.14482

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi akurasi data ALS-70 di area Bandara Sultan Thaha, Jambi, dengan fokus pada proses boresight calibration dan pengaruh penghapusan ground control points (GCP) yang dianggap anomali. Proses diawali dengan analisis tinggi terbang yang menunjukkan adanya variasi elevasi. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan dan penelitian yang memperoleh nilai akhir memenuhi spesifikasi ALS-70 dan standar ketelitian vertikal SNI Orde 1. Selain hasil kuantitatif, data yang belum terkalibrasi menunjukkan kemampuan untuk mengenali lingkungan terbangun, membuka peluang peng-gunaan dalam respons cepat. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan iteratif dan statistik dalam memastikan kualitas data LiDAR di perkotaan. Outlook dari penelitian ini merekomendasikan otomatisasi deteksi anomali dan integrasi dengan data penginderaan jauh lain untuk memperkaya analisis, serta validasi multi-kondisi untuk memperluas generalisasi hasil.
Estimasi Tinggi Gelombang Laut Menggunakan Citra Satelit Alos-Palsar, Studi Kasus Perairan Pulau Poteran, Sumenep Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Jaelani, Lalu Muhamad; Sulaiman, Albertus
Jurnal Geosaintek Vol. 2 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Energi gelombang air laut adalah salah satu jenis ocean renewable energy (ORE) yang menjadi salah satu potensi kemaritiman dari Indonesia. Energi tersebut mempunyai beberapa keunggulan bila dibandingkan dengan energi fosil (minyak dan gas bumi) dan menjadi salah satu jenis energi terbarukan yang banyak diteliti dan dikembangkan oleh peneliti dari seluruh dunia. Salah satu upaya memetakan potensi energi gelombang laut adalah dengan menghitung tinggi gelombang air laut tersebut menggunakan berbagai metode pengamatan, salah satunya adalah Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). SAR adalah salah satu jenis sensor penginderaan jauh yang sedang berkembang dimana dapat memonitor dan memetakan tinggi gelombang air laut secara cepat dan efektif. Dalam penelitian ini, sebuah citra SAR diolah untuk mendapatkan tinggi gelombang di perairan Pulau Poteran, Madura. Pengolahan data citra SAR dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) dan Band-Pass Filetring setelah mengalami proses pengolahan awal dengan perangkat lunak Matlab. Data SAR yang digunakan adalah citra satelit ALOS-PALSAR bertanggal 12 Mei 2009 dan diakuisisi dalam mode Full-Polarimetry. Hasil pengolahan menunjukkan bahwa di perairan sekitar Pulau Poteran, Madura mempunyai panjang gelombang dominan sebesar 559,0170 dan 883,8835 m dan periode sebesar 56,579 dan 89,3609 sekon yang memenuhi syarat menjadi sebuah swell. Tinggi gelombang signifikan (H1/3) yang dihasilkan mencapai 3,713 meter dengan rerata dari semua indeks matriks (H1/2) sebesar 2,986 meter.
Refining the Indonesian Geoid Model: A Comparative Study of Global Geopotential Models in East Kalimantan Alvito, Fahri Dean; Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Nurhayati, Misfallah
GEOID Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Geomatika ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/geoid.v20i2.3068

Abstract

Gravity field along with its derivative, geoid, is one of the important pillars of Geodesy. The geoid is utilized in many countries as the vertical reference system, Indonesia as well. However, Indonesia is unique in topography, made the computation of geoid model throughout the archipelago a challenge. The development of geoid model in Indonesia has 4 phases, with the latest in 2020 and 2023. INAGEOID2020 is the Indonesian geoid model used as vertical reference frame for vertical control in Indonesia, updated to version 2.0 in 2023. However, it has not achieved the target accuracy of 5 cm throughout the country. INAGEOID2020 v2.0 is based on the EGM2008 global geopotential model (GGM) with order and degree 360, which is now nearly 20 years old. The implementation of EGM2008 into the regional model also lacked a fitting process, relying solely on functional calculations. This study proposes using modern GGMs, namely EGM2008, XGM2019e, and SGG-UGM-2, along with a fitting process to improve geoid modeling, to optimize the future iteration of Indonesian Geoid Model. The research compares the gravimetric undulations of these models to geometric undulations at 264 validation points, both with and without fitting in East Kalimantan. The fitting improved the accuracy of EGM2008 and XGM2019e, but SGG-UGM-2 performed worse due to elevation discrepancies both before and after the fitting, mainly due to difference on the starting point close to the coast. XGM2019e at degree 2190, truncated to 720 and 360 showed the best results after the fitting, achieving standard deviation and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.061 m and 0.064 m, respectively. The performance of EGM2008 is not far behind XGM2019e. This finding indicates that the XGM2019e is the best out the trio, making it a promising alternative to be utilized for future geoid modeling in Indonesia.
Kuantifikasi Penyusutan Gletser di Pegunungan Jayawijaya dan Relasinya dengan Perubahan Iklim Apriani, Mutia Rahma; Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan
Majalah Geografi Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2025): Majalah Geografi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mgi.105325

Abstract

Abstrak. Gletser tropis di Pegunungan Jayawijaya adalah indikator iklim yang sensitif dan telah mencair secara signifikan selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Kajian jangka panjang yang mengaitkan dinamika luas gletser Jayawijaya dengan indikator iklim global masih terbatas. Studi ini menggunakan citra Landsat selama 28 tahun (1995-2023) dan algoritma Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) dalam platform Google Earth Engine untuk memantau pencairan gletser. Untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pencairan gletser dan indikator perubahan iklim lainnya, yaitu perubahan suhu permukaan tanah dan perubahan permukaan air laut, uji korelasi dan kesesuaian model regresi berbasis linier dilakukan. Ekstrapolasi ke masa depan dan masa lalu juga diestimasi untuk memprediksi dan meramalkan area gletser. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada 2023, 95,95% area gletser telah hilang dibandingkan tahun 1995 dan lebih cepat 2,6 dan 6 kali daripada penyusutan di gletser lintang tinggi. Tiga dari lima gletser telah lenyap, menyisakan East Northwall Firn dan Carstensz. Berdasarkan hasil, diperkirakan seluruh gletser akan menghilang pada tahun 2024. Selain itu, ditemukan hubungan kuat antara pencairan gletser dengan suhu dan muka laut (r = -0,89 dan 0,90). Temuan ini memperkuat pemahaman tentang dampak iklim di wilayah tropis melalui data dengan resolusi spasial dan temporal tinggi dan menegaskan percepatan dampak iklim di daerah tropis. Abstract. Tropical glaciers in the Jayawijaya Mountains are sensitive climate indicators and have retreated markedly over recent decades. Long-term studies linking Jayawijaya glacier-area dynamics to global climate indicators remain limited. This study uses 28 years of Landsat imagery and the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) on the Google Earth Engine platform to monitor glacier loss. To identify relationships with other climate-change indicators—namely land surface temperature and sea-level change—we performed correlation tests and simple linear regression model fitting. We also used extrapolation to hindcast and forecast glacier area. Results show that by 2023, 95.95% of glacier area had disappeared relative to 1995, of which 2.6 and 6 times faster than the retreat rate on high-latitude glaciers. Three of five glaciers have vanished, leaving only East Northwall Firn and Carstensz. Based on our results, all glaciers were projected to disappear by 2024. We find strong relationships between glacier retreat and temperature and sea level (r = −0.89 and 0.90). These findings enhance understanding of tropical climate impacts using long, high-resolution satellite records and underscore accelerating climate risks in the tropics.Submitted: 2025-03-11 Revisions:  2025-09-11  Accepted: 2024-09-11 Published: 2025-09-22  
GIS-based Geospatial Risk Modeling of Extreme Waves and Abrasion on the West Coast of Sumatra Simarmata, Nirmawana; Wijayanti, Goldie Melinda; Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Al Farishi, Bilal; Hendrawan, Rezki Naufan
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.411-424

Abstract

Indonesia, with its second-longest coastline in the world, is vulnerable to coastal disasters such as extreme waves and coastal abrasion. Pesisir Barat Regency in Sumatra is one of the regions that is vulnerable to these threats. Extreme waves, although rarely occur because of tropical cyclones, can be triggered by the influence of cyclones in the Indian Ocean. In addition, coastal abrasion caused by the interaction of waves, currents, and winds is increasingly threatening coastal areas. This research aims to identify the risk of extreme waves and abrasion disasters in Pesisir Barat Regency using a research-based approach to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis. Data on marine hydrodynamics, coastal topography, and land cover conditions are integrated to produce disaster risk maps. The risk analysis results show that the Ngaras sub-district and several other sub-districts, such as Bangkunat, Lemong, and Ngambur, have a high level of risk, with a total risk area reaching 0.398 square kilometers (km2). Meanwhile, most other sub-districts are in the low-risk class. Key factors influencing the risk level include coastal topography, vegetation cover, and the intensity of human activities in coastal areas. This study highlights the importance of coastal zone management based on risk mitigation and the need to protect coastal ecosystems to reduce disaster impacts. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for disaster mitigation policy planning in Pesisir Barat and other coastal areas. Additionally, these results could be utilized to develop holistic and practical disaster reduction effort by related stakeholders and coastal communities.
STUDI KOMPARASI UNTUK AS-BUILT SURVEY DAN PENGAWASAN DEFORMASI DARI GEDUNG: METODE TERESTRIS VS METODE SATELIT DI GEDUNG KULIAH UMUM (GKU) INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SUMATERA Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan
Journal of Science and Applicative Technology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Science and Applicative Technology June Chapter
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM), Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35472/jsat.v8i1.1635

Abstract

Infrastructure development is one of the main points of the program by the Indonesian government, outlined in Nawacita. One of the manifestations of this program in 2019 was the construction of the Gedung Kuliah Umum (GKU) at the Institut Teknologi Sumatera (Itera). As an effort to realize sustainable development, Geodetic surveys named 'as-built surveys' and periodic deformation observations need to be conducted. Both surveys can be done by terrestrial method using total station and satellite method using GPS-RTK. In this article, an analysis of the accuracy, precision and efficiency of the terrestrial method and satellite method for as-built survey and deformation observation at GKU Itera is reported along with a comparison between deformation calculation and direct observation. It was found that the terrestrial method produced better accuracy and precision level (19,5 cm compared to 43,3 cm) than the satellite method with 95% confidence level. In addition, the terrestrial method produces 3 times more data than the satellite method, although on the other hand, the total observation time of the terrestrial method is 100% longer than the satellite method. These results show that periodic monitoring is important for detecting the degree of deformation and realizing sustainable development. In addition, the terrestrial method is more suitable for accurate and precise periodic surveillance of a building than the satellite method. These findings could act as a contribution towards better sustainable deformation monitiring of a building and to underline the importance of having such periodic observations.
INTEGRASI PEMETAAN ANCAMAN, KERENTANAN, DAN KAPASITAS DALAM KAJIAN RISIKO GEMPABUMI DAN TSUNAMI DI PESAWARAN, LAMPUNG Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; simarmata, Nirmawana; Agustina, Lea Kristi; Apriani, Mutia Rahma
Jurnal Geosaintek Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25023659.v10i2.1858

Abstract

Pesawaran adalah nama dari sebuah kabupaten di Provinsi Lampung. Pada kabupaten ini terdapat sesar lokal dan area pesisir yang berbatasan langsung dengan Selat Sunda, sehingga rawan terjadi gempabumi dan tsunami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko dari gempabumi dan tsunami di Kabupaten Pesawaran menggunakan indeks ancaman, kerentanan, dan kapasitas. Metode yang digunakan adalah Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) untuk pembuatan peta ancaman gempabumi dan perhitungan Hloss untuk pembuatan peta ancaman tsunami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bencana gempabumi Kabupaten Pesawaran memiliki risiko rendah hingga sedang. Tidak ada indeks risiko tinggi gempa bumi di Kabupaten Pesawaran. Hal ini dikarenakan indeks ancaman dan kerentanan berada pada kategori rendah hingga sedang, dan indeks kapasitas berada pada kategori tinggi. Indeks risiko sedang dengan luas terbesar berada di Desa Bogorejo, Gedong Tataan seluas 2.695,02 ha. Sedangkan, untuk bencana tsunami hanya berpotensi di beberapa kelurahan yang terletak di Kecamatan Teluk Pandan, Punduh Pidada, Padang Cermin, dan Marga Punduh. Hampir seluruh wilayah tersebut memiliki indeks ancaman yang tinggi, namun indeks risikonya sebagian besar berada pada kategori rendah hingga sedang, hanya sebagian kecil yang memiliki risiko tinggi tsunami. Hal ini dikarenakan indeks kerentanan berada pada kategori rendah hingga sedang, dan indeks kapasitas berada pada kategori tinggi. Sehingga, meskipun ancaman di wilayah tersebut tinggi, namun risikonya dapat diperkecil  karena minimnya kerentanan ditambah dengan kapasitas yang tinggi. Salah satu wilayah yang memiliki indeks risiko tsunami adalah Desa Persiapan Dantar, Kecamatan Padang Cermin dengan luas sebesar 349,42 ha.
EVALUASI DAN KOMPARASI DARI MODEL ANOMALI GAYA BERAT di LAUTAN INDONESIA Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Rahmadhani, Nina
J SIG (Jurnal Sains Informasi Geografi) Vol 7, No 2 (2024): Edisi November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31314/jsig.v7i2.3073

Abstract

Gravity is the total value of the various forces acting on any stationary body on the Earth's surface. This gravity is related to the Geoid, an important parameter in Geodesy. The Geoid is commonly used as a vertical reference for geospatial reference systems in many countries, including Indonesia. Another derived parameter of gravity is gravity anomaly, which is the difference between the gravity vector on the geoid and the normal gravity vector on the ellipsoid. The measurement of gravity at sea has several disadvantages compared to that on land, due to the high level of difficulty and risk of the measurement. Technological developments have facilitated the observation of gravity at sea both regionally and globally, one of which is using altimetry. The output of gravity observations using altimetry satellites is called combined Global Geopotential Model (GGM). Indonesia has had a regional geoid model since 1981, and the latest is INAGEOID2020 v2.0. The accuracy of INAGEOID2020 needs to be improved to realize the one-map policy and large-scale mapping based on the Master Plan for the Implementation of the National Vertical Geospatial Reference System. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the comparison of gravity anomalies of several MGGs in Indonesian seas by comparing them to Shipborne gravity anomalies. The Global Geopotential Models used are EGM2008, EIGEN6C4, XGM2019e, DTU17 and Sandwell Model v.31.1. The results of this study are XGM2019e is the best Combination Global Model in Indonesia and DTU17 is the best Global Altimetry Model in Indonesia, and both models have good performance in various sea conditions in Indonesia.