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All Journal Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies ATOHEMA Jurnal Teologi Pastoral Konseling Jurnal Teologi Rai AMBASSADORS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Keagamaan Kristen: Arastamar
Riedel Christian Gosal
Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon
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 1 
Ecological Sin and Its Impact on Environmental Crisis: A Case Study of Landslides and Floods in Kali Village, Minahasa Riedel Christian Gosal; Peggy Sandra Tewu; Olga Neltje Komaling
Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) Vol 9 No 5 (2025): SANTHET: (JURNAL SEJARAH, PENDIDIKAN DAN HUMANIORA) 
Publisher : Proram studi pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/santhet.v9i5.6136

Abstract

This study investigates the interconnection between ecological sin and environmental crisis in Kali Village, Minahasa, where recurring landslides and flooding are symptoms of deeper moral, spiritual, and structural failures. Despite the growing environmental degradation driven by deforestation, unsustainable land conversion, and waste mismanagement, community and ecclesial awareness of ecological responsibility remains limited. Drawing on qualitative case study methods, the research employed in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and document analysis with 30 participants, including church leaders, congregants, local residents, and environmental activists. Thematic analysis revealed that environmental destruction is not merely a technical issue but a manifestation of extractive capitalism, weak local governance, and disconnection between Christian doctrine and ecological practice. While the Church holds significant moral authority, its response has largely been charitable and reactive, failing to address systemic injustices or integrate ecological sin into theological teaching. Many congregants perceive environmental harm as an economic necessity rather than a spiritual transgression, reflecting their fragmented understanding of stewardship. The study further identifies a critical gap between the church’s potential as a transformative agent and its current inaction, particularly in advocating policy change or empowering communities through ecological education. The findings underscore that ecological degradation is inseparable from social injustice, where vulnerable groups bear the brunt of decisions made by external actors and indifferent institutions. The research concludes that a theological reframing is urgently needed one that redefines the church’s mission as intrinsically ecological. To be credible, the church must move beyond symbolic stewardship and embrace a prophetic and participatory role in environmental restoration, grounding its mission in justice, accountability, and creation care.
Integrasi Nilai Minahasa Sitou Timou Tumou Tou dalam Praktik dan Spiritualitas Hindu di Kota Manado Sumolang, Easter Meini; Gosal, Riedel Christian
Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Keagamaan Kristen : Arastamar Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Maret : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Keagamaan Kristen: Arastamar
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Arastamar Grimenawa J

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63536/arastamar.v2i1.85

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi nilai budaya Minahasa Sitou Timou Tumou Tou dalam praktik keagamaan dan spiritualitas umat Hindu di Kota Manado, serta mengkaji perannya dalam membangun kehidupan sosial yang harmonis di tengah masyarakat plural. Masalah penelitian berangkat dari pertanyaan bagaimana nilai kearifan lokal Minahasa dimaknai, diinternalisasi, dan diwujudkan oleh komunitas Hindu sebagai kelompok minoritas religius dalam konteks sosial-budaya Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-interpretatif, melalui teknik pengumpulan data melalui literatur, observasi partisipatif. Data dianalisis secara tematik dengan mengaitkan temuan literatur dan teori antropologi agama serta spiritualitas kontekstual. Kebaruan (novelty) penelitian ini terletak pada pengungkapan nilai Sitou Timou Tumou Tou sebagai medium integrasi sosial dan spiritual yang menjembatani ajaran etika Hindu dengan budaya lokal Minahasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kemanusiaan, saling menghargai, dan hidup berdampingan terintegrasi secara nyata dalam ritual keagamaan, aktivitas sosial, serta relasi lintas agama umat Hindu di Manado. Integrasi ini memperkuat spiritualitas yang bersifat relasional dan berkontribusi positif bagi kerukunan antarumat beragama berbasis kearifan lokal.
Upaya Dekonstruksi Paradigma Ekologi Antroposentris melalui Arya Astangika Marga di Vihara Vajra Viriya Dharma Tikala Kota Manado Kasehung, Sergio Theorig; Gosal, Riedel Christian
Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Keagamaan Kristen : Arastamar Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Maret : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Keagamaan Kristen: Arastamar
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Arastamar Grimenawa J

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63536/arastamar.v2i1.90

Abstract

Krisis lingkungan saat ini tidak hanya disebabkan oleh keterbatasan teknologi atau lemahnya regulasi, tetapi juga karena cara pandang manusia yang menempatkan dirinya sebagai pusat dan melihat alam semata-mata sebagai sumber pemenuhan kebutuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk memahami bagaimana ajaran Arya Astangika Marga, atau Jalan Mulia Berunsur Delapan, dapat membentuk kesadaran ekologis yang lebih etis dan holistik. Delapan unsur ajaran pandangan, niat, ucapan, perbuatan, mata pencaharian, upaya, perhatian, dan konsentrasi benar mendorong manusia untuk menyadari keterkaitan semua makhluk dan bertindak dengan penuh tanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan. Penerapan ajaran ini di Vihara Vajra Viriya Dharma Tikala melalui kegiatan penghijauan, pengelolaan sampah, dan edukasi ekologis menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran lingkungan dapat menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari, bersifat praktis, emosional, dan spiritual. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa Arya Astangika Marga dapat menjadi landasan untuk menggantikan pandangan dominasi manusia dengan pendekatan yang lebih seimbang dan berkelanjutan.
Advancing Sustainability Through Holistic Ministry of Local Churches in North Sulawesi Vanny Suoth; Riedel Gosal; Matulandi Tewu; Putri Tengor; Sion Ering; Joni Kutu' Kampilong; Valdo Woruntu
SOSIOEDUKASI Vol 14 No 4 (2025): SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6426

Abstract

This study examines why local churches in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, struggle to translate their theological commitments to justice and creation care into sustained and holistic ministries aligned with sustainability principles. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, data were gathered from 178 congregants, four focus groups (n=32), and eight key informant interviews across three Protestant churches. The study identifies five issues interrelated like: (1) the gap in the operation; (2) the human resources gap; (3) the financial weakness; (4) the cultural-theological gap; and (5) the underutilized assets.. Critically, these barriers reinforce themselves, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of inertia. The study provides an empirically grounded understanding of faith-based sustainability challenges in the Global South, shifting the discourse from deficit-based to asset-based approaches. It highlights the importance of holistic interventions that simultaneously focus on theological re-education, institutional capacity, and financial innovation. Strategies such as designing stepwise ministry toolkits, establishing minor lay-coordinating roles, creating various funding sources through social enterprises or grants, and redefining ecological and social action as part of the ecclesial identity are among the recommendations. Such findings provide a replicable template for churches worldwide that seek to connect faith and sustainable action in ways that resonate with their cultures
Teologi Doa Yohanes Calvin sebagai Kritik terhadap Mistisisme dan Pragmatisme Iman dalam GMIM Sella Paningidang; Riedel Ch Gosal
Ambassadors: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : STT INDONESIA MANADO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54369/ajtpk.v5i1.91

Abstract

Abstract: Contemporary church life demonstrates a tendency to view prayer from both mystical and practical perspectives. Prayer is often viewed as a means to gain benefits, supernatural powers, and a measure of the success of one's faith. This has even led to the creation of cults of worship for those deemed to have "effective" prayer. The spiritual dynamics of the congregation of the Evangelical Christian Church in Minahasa also demonstrate a similar tendency. Misunderstandings can shift the meaning of prayer from a relationship of faith with God to a transactional spiritual practice. This study aims to examine John Calvin's theology of prayer, which in its application critiques mysticism and pragmatism in the practices of the Evangelical Christian Church in Minahasa. The methodology used is qualitative research with a historical-theological perspective and a literature review. The results show that John Calvin viewed prayer as an act of faith that arises from an understanding of God's grace, and not as a means to force God to comply with human will. While various studies on the phenomenon of prayer exist, this paper seeks to explicitly place Calvin's theology of prayer within the GMIM framework as a corrective theological framework for revitalizing a biblical and God-centered understanding of prayer.  Abstrak: Kehidupan gereja masa kini menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk memandang doa dari perspektif mistis dan praktis. Doa sering dilihat sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan manfaat, kekuatan supranatural, dan tolok ukur keberhasilan iman seseorang. Hal ini bahkan telah menyebabkan terciptanya kultus pemujaan bagi mereka yang dianggap memiliki doa yang “efektif”. Dinamika spiritual jemaat Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa juga menunjukkan kecenderungan serupa. Pemahaman yang keliru dapat menggeser makna doa dari relasi iman kepada Allah menjadi praktik spiritual yang bersifat transaksional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti teologi doa Yohanes Calvin yang dalam penerapannya mengkritisi mistisisme dan pragmatisme dalam praktek Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan perspektif historis-teologis dan tinjauan pustaka. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Yohanes Calvin memandang doa sebagai tindakan iman yang muncul dari pemahaman tentang kasih karunia Allah, dan bukan sebagai sarana untuk memaksa Allah agar mengikuti kehendak manusia. Ada berbagai penelitian tentang fenomena doa, tapi dalam tulisan ini berupaya untuk menempatkan teologi doa Calvin secara eksplisit dalam kerangka GMIM sebagai kerangka teologis korektif untuk menghidupkan kembali pemahaman doa yang Alkitabiah dan berpusat pada Allah.      
The Shift In The Ecumenical Church Paradigm A Historical Study Of The Shift In The Ecumenical Paradigm In GMIM From 1934 To 2016 Riedel Christian Gosal
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 4 No. 8 (2024): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v4i8.1740

Abstract

Global changes occur in all aspects of human life. The church as a community in the midst of society is also not spared from the impact of change due to changing times. The Evangelical Church in Minahasa is a church that grows and develops in the midst of Minahasa society which is also experiencing changes. Change gave birth to a new paradigm in the church. The problem is whether the change is a synthesis of the old and new paradigms or really gives birth to a new paradigm? Perhaps even a return to the old ecclesiological order adapted to the current context? GMIM has historically tried to answer its calling in the midst of a changing world. GMIM is the largest church in North Sulawesi that has influenced the development of the region. Ecumenism in the local church is strongly influenced by the ecclesiology set by the church. In this paper, the author uses a qualitative method and uses a historical research approach to dissect changes in the ecumenical paradigm from 1934-2016. The author compares ecumenical theories from several Indonesian and foreign figures and theories about paradigm shifts. The results show that there was a shift in GMIM ecumenical ecclesiology through the discussion of sessions, seminars, discussions among theological experts.
KASIH KARUNIA SEBAGAI DASAR ETIKA KEHIDUPAN KRISTEN DALAM PANDANGAN JOHN CALVIN Jendy Megumi Ponggohong; Riedel Christian Gosal
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.125

Abstract

This article examines John Calvin's thought on grace (gratia Dei) as the foundational principle of ethics in Christian life. According to Calvin, fallen humans are inherently incapable of performing truly good actions without the intervention of God’s grace; thus, all genuine moral acts arise from hearts renewed by the Holy Spirit. The study was conducted in three main stages. First, conceptual observation of modern moral phenomena, highlighting the tendency of humans to place themselves at the center of morality, apart from God’s authority, resulting in ethical relativism. Second, a literature review covering both classical and contemporary works, including Calvin’s writings, as well as research from the past five years on the relationship between grace and Christian ethics. Third, a descriptive-theological analysis of the collected data to interpret and integrate Calvin’s perspective on grace and ethics. The findings indicate that Christian ethics, according to Calvin, does not exist independently as a moral system but is the fruit of God’s grace, guiding believers to live holy, responsible lives that reflect Christ in all aspects of personal, social, and church community life. This article emphasizes the continued relevance of Calvin’s teaching for the contemporary church, especially in confronting moral challenges, ethical relativism, and modern cultural pressures that often prioritize human autonomy.
AJARAN EKAM SAT VIPRA BAHUDHA VADANTI SEBAGAI PARADIGMA BERINTERAKSI DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT MAJEMUK Theresia Yashinta Tiara Lembong; Riedel Christian Gosal
ATOHEMA: Jurnal Teologi Pastoral Konseling Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Januari || ATOHEMA: Jurnal Teologi Pastoral Konseling
Publisher : PT. Giat Konseling Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70420/atohema.v3.i1.247

Abstract

The teaching of Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti “Truth is one, though the wise call it by many names”offers a meaningful framework for interreligious engagement in diverse societies. Rather than treating other religions as theological systems to be judged or criticized, this study shows that they are understood as authentic and meaningful expressions of spirituality. Such an understanding resonates with John Hick’s view of a transcendent reality that is encountered and interpreted through different religious and cultural traditions. The pluralistic outlook that emerges from this reflection is not merely theoretical but grows out of lived philosophical reflection and everyday social experience. In this way, the findings contribute to and enrich Paul Knitter’s typology of interreligious relations. The religious life of the Hindu community at Pura Jagadhita Taas illustrates a distinctive and dynamic form of religious practice, marked by a high degree of fluidity. Here, religious communication is shaped less by rigid doctrinal claims and more by shared ethical values such as harmony, moral virtue, and respect for human dignity. Seen in this light, Ekam Sat functions not as an abstract theological formula, but as a lived spiritual orientation one that encourages inclusive social attitudes and strengthens cohesion within pluralistic communities.
Congregational Perceptions of the Importance of Personal Testimony in GMIM Getsemani Perum Risky: Persepsi tentang Pentingnya Kesaksian Pribadi di Jemaat GMIM Getsemani Perum Risky Stoner Wendur; Jessilian Daliaha; Kenneth Lintang; 4d Evi Stans Evlin Tumiwa; Hendry C. M. Runtuwene; Rivay Palempung; Riedel Ch. Gosal
Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) Vol 9 No 6 (2025): SANTHET: (JURNAL SEJARAH, PENDIDIKAN DAN HUMANIORA)
Publisher : Proram studi pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/santhet.v9i6.6643

Abstract

This study explores the perceptions and practices of personal testimony among adolescents and young adults in GMIM Getsemani Perum Risky with regard to their congregational life practices. Using a qualitative participatory ethnographic design, data were gathered from 20 members through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of congregational documents. The evidence indicates that personal testimony is an essential, not marginal, practice since whoever is to express, interpret, and communicate faith. Testimonies come mostly from a feeling of gratitude at how God has helped them and an inner sense of calling and encouragement from leaders and peers, but they are also accompanied by anxiety, feelings of unworthiness, and fear of being judged. As a matter of fact, empirically, testimony is a kind of lived narrative theology: through telling detailed accounts of the struggle, divine assistance and change, participants re-read their histories of life through the lens of the gospel and combine the teaching of theology with the experience. The act of testifying brings about emotional and spiritual change, while listening to the testimonies of others brings about mutual edification, consolation, and hope. The study further shows that the practice of testifying in this congregation is influenced by the dialogue between GMIM's Reformed heritage and Minahasan cultural values such as mapalus, honesty, and solidarity, which together foster authenticity, openness, and communal responsibility.
The Role of Social Media in Disseminating Information About The Church in GMIM Baitani Matani: Peran Media Sosial dalam Penyebaran Informasi Gereja di GMIM Baitani Matani Keyra N. Wakary; Stefanus A.G. Lumintang; Claudya Makalew; Khensi P. Panekenan; Vanny Nancy South; Denny Adry Tarumingi; Maria Elisa Tulangouw; Riedel Ch. Gosal
Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) Vol 9 No 6 (2025): SANTHET: (JURNAL SEJARAH, PENDIDIKAN DAN HUMANIORA)
Publisher : Proram studi pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/santhet.v9i6.6645

Abstract

This paper discusses how social media works as a communicative and spiritual space in Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM), a synodal Protestant church in Minahasa. This study examines the application of social media in sharing church information, congregational interactions, and spiritual life. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used, which entailed a survey of 34 congregants, in-depth interviews, and digital ethnography of the official accounts of GMIM. Quantitative data convey the trends of platform usage, time clocked, role, perceived spiritual influence, and involvement in online religious materials, whereas qualitative data demonstrate how leaders and members perceive the chances and threats of digital communication. The results show that social media is integrated into the life of congregations and represents a digital continuation of communal relationships, assisting in the provision of information, worship resources, and support. Meanwhile, the respondents referred to ambivalence, acknowledging social media as a source of grace and a distracter, conflict, and superficial religiosity simultaneously. The research also reveals that the digital communication used by GMIM is, to a great extent, one-sided, although the congregants want to interact more dialogically through two-way communication. The article proposes that the church should have cohesive policies on digital communication, invest in digital literacies, and unite online practices with embodied worship and diaconal action so that social media may be used as a place of proclamation, koinonia, and Christian service and not as a convenient channel to make announcements.
Co-Authors 4d Evi Stans Evlin Tumiwa Claudya Makalew Denny Adry Tarumingi Jendy Megumi Ponggohong Jessilian Daliaha Joni Kutu Kampilong Kasehung, Sergio Theorig Kenneth Lintang Keyra N. Wakary Khensi P. Panekenan Komaling, Olga Neltje Maria Elisa Tulangouw Matulandi Tewu Peggy S. Tewu Putri Tengor Rivay Bobby Palempung Runtuwene, Hendry C. M. Sella Paningidang Sion Ering Stefanus A.G. Lumintang Stoner Wendur Sumolang, Easter Meini Theresia Yashinta Tiara Lembong Valdo Woruntu Vanny Nancy South Vanny Suoth