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The Impact of Calcium Supplementation on Physiological Activity and Cherelle Wilt Reduction in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Avianto, Yovi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8292

Cocoa production in Indonesia has been challenged by declining productivity due to various factors, including cherelle wilt. Cherelle wilt, a condition characterized by the premature dropping of cocoa cherelle, is attributed to hormonal imbalances, nutrient deficiencies, and abiotic stresses. Calcium, as an essential nutrient, plays a crucial role in plant growth and can help mitigate the incidence of cherelle wilt. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of calcium application in enhancing fruit set and reducing cherelle wilt in cocoa trees. The research was conducted from August 2020 to September 2022 at PT Pagilaran's Segayung Utara cocoa plantation, utilizing the RCC70 clone. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) was applied at rates of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 grams per tree per year. Results indicated that calcium fertilization improved the physiological performance of cocoa trees, as evidenced by enhanced chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and photosynthetic rate. These physiological improvements led to increased flower and fruit production, as well as a reduction in the incidence of cherelle wilt, particularly at application rates of 200-400 grams per tree per year. Consequently, overall yield and productivity were significantly increased at these rates.

The Influence of Gibberellin-Rich Phytohormones in Monkey Fern (Cibotium barometz) Extract on Mitigating Cherelle Wilt in Cocoa Plants Saputra, Branmanda Fardhaza; Anggara, Muhammad Tri; Prinandra, Rizkyza; Avianto, Yovi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8496

Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s main export commodities, but its production has declined due to cherelle wilt disease and environmental stress. Gibberellin hormones have been proven effective in preventing cherelle wilt, but their use is limited by high costs. Extracts from monkey fern leaves offer an economical alternative as a natural source of gibberellin. This study aims to examine the effect of monkey fern extract on the development of cocoa cherelles. The research was conducted from January 2024 to January 2025 on smallholder cocoa farms managed by the Hargomulyo farmer group in Gunungkidul. The treatments compared were foliar spraying of monkey fern extract and a control group. The results showed that the application of monkey fern extract increased the number of healthy cherelles compared to the control. Although total chlorophyll content showed no significant difference, low chlorophyll fluorescence values indicated that the plants experienced heat stress. This condition can disrupt photosynthetic efficiency, but the extract still enhanced carbohydrate accumulation in the seeds. Meanwhile, sucrose, reducing sugar, lipid, and protein contents showed no significant changes.

Unraveling the Physiological Mechanisms and Bioaccumulation Efficacy of Lemna perpusilla for Heavy Metal Phytoremediation in Yogyakarta River Wastewater Avianto, Yovi; Riyadi, Fajar; Hasibuan, Selvianyi Br; Nababan, Jeremia Gustian
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10387

Heavy metal pollution in Yogyakarta's rivers, caused by textile industries, sand mining, and domestic waste, poses significant environmental and health risks. While conventional water treatment methods face limitations, phytoremediation using Lemna offers a sustainable solution due to its ability to absorb heavy metals efficiently. This study assessed the impact of varying Lemna biomass (control, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g per container) on reducing As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in textile, sand mining, and domestic wastewater over three weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and Lemna’s growth rates were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD. Results showed that Lemna perpusilla effectively adsorbs As, Cd, Cr, and Pb from domestic, sand mining, and batik textile wastewater, with higher biomass leading to improved removal efficiencies. Maximum heavy metal adsorption was observed in batik textile wastewater, achieving over 70% removal for all metals, while domestic and sand mining wastewater showed variable adsorption rates depending on the metal and Lemna biomass. Optimal biomass for growth and adsorption varied: 30 g for domestic, 50 g for sand mining, and 40 g for batik textile wastewater.

Comparison of Various Control Techniques for Clove Stem Borer (Nothopeus hemipterus) in Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Sidiq, Muhamad Fajar; Wisnubroto, Muhammad Parikesit; Handru, Alan; Avianto, Yovi; Putri, Diyona
Jurnal Riset Perkebunan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Riset Perkebunan (JRP)
Publisher : Jurusan Budidaya Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrp.6.1.25-35.2025

The clove stem borer (Nothopeus hemipterus) is a major pest causing significant economic losses in clove cultivation. In Samigaluh, most farmers rely on chemical pesticides for control. However, essential oils and entomopathogenic fungi offer safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate their effectiveness and determine the most suitable control method. The research was conducted in Kayugedhe Hamlet, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, from April to September 2022. A randomized completely block design was used with different pest control treatments, including chemical pesticides (fipronil, acephate, and profenofos), botanical pesticides (10% neem oil and 10% citronella oil), biological pesticides (Beauveria bassiana at 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL), and a control. The pesticides were applied using a hydraulic pump and a wax-sealing method on larval entry holes. Larval mortality was recorded weekly for four weeks. The results showed that the application of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana) and citronella oil led to larval mortality rates of 78% and 75%, respectively, which were comparable to the effectiveness of fipronil (80%) and acephate (81%). In contrast, N. hemipterus larvae exhibited lower susceptibility to profenofos, with a mortality rate of only 47%, suggesting potential resistance. These findings indicate that B. bassiana and citronella oil extract could serve as effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for controlling the clove stem borer.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk Kasgot dan NPK 16:16:16 terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit LCC (Mucuna bracteata) Anyi, Patrisius; Avianto, Yovi; Rahayu, Enny
AGROISTA : Jurnal Agroteknologi Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Program Studi Agroteknologi INSTIPER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55180/agi.v9i2.1950

One of the most crucial phases for successful oil palm plantations is replanting management. One way to suppress weed growth in immature plantations (TBM) is by using tissue culture methods, namely planting legume cover crops (LCC). One type of LCC that grows very quickly is Mucuna bracteata. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic compost and NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer on the growth of Mucuna bracteata LCC seedlings. The study was conducted from October to December 2024 at KP2 INSTIPER Yogyakarta in Wedomartani Village, Depok District, Sleman Regency. The average temperature was 27°C to 30°C, and the elevation was 118 meters above sea level. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with two factors. The first factor was the dose of Kasgot organic fertilizer consisting of four levels, namely control (0 g/plant), 4 g/plant, 8 g/plant, and g/plant. The second factor was the dose of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer with four levels, namely control (0 g/plant), 2 g/plant, 4 g/plant, and 6 g/plant. The research data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at a 5% significance level and the DMRT further test. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the dose Kasgot fertilizer and NPK fertilizer in influencing the growth of Mucuna bracteata. In addition, none of the treatments had a significant effect on plant growth.

Morphophysiological and Vanillin Quality Evaluation of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) under Water Stress Avianto, Yovi
AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 9 No 2 (2025): AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/agrosainstek.v9i2.882

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) is a globally popular flavoring cultivated in tropical regions such as Madagascar, Indonesia, and Mexico. Due to global climate change, particularly the El Niño phenomenon, droughts have become more frequent, impacting water availability and quality for vanilla plants. This study addresses these challenges by examining the plant’s responses to drought at a vanilla plantation in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, over two years. A completely randomized design was used, testing five water stress levels (100%, 50%, 25%, 150%, and 200% field capacity). Variables measured included relative water content, physiological activity, chlorophyll, proline content, leaf total acid, photosynthesis efficiency, and morphological traits. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Vanilla plants exhibited significant physiological and morphological changes in response to varying water conditions. Severe drought (25% water stress) led to reduced relative water content, chlorophyll levels, and CO₂ assimilation, alongside increased proline accumulation. Moderate drought (50% water stress) had a lesser impact. Under field capacity (100%) and excess water (150% and 200%), plants maintained higher relative water content and chlorophyll levels, efficient CO₂ assimilation, and optimal morphological traits. The presence of proline under excess water suggests a dual stress response to drought and waterlogging. Beans from severely drought-stressed plants showed a significant decrease in vanillin content and weight. Identifying and developing vanilla varieties with greater tolerance to water scarcity is essential to ensure sustainable production in the face of climate change.

Evaluating the Efficiency of Lemna perpussilla in Removing Heavy Metals from River Wastewater in Yogyakarta Riyadi, Fajar; Hasibuan, Selviany Br; Nababan, Jeremia Gusti; Avianto, Yovi
Biota Vol 18 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Heavy metal pollution in Yogyakarta's rivers, caused by textile industries, sand mining, and domestic waste, poses significant environmental and health risks. While conventional water treatment methods face limitations, phytoremediation using Lemna offers a sustainable solution due to its ability to absorb heavy metals efficiently. This study assessed the impact of varying Lemna biomass (control, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g per container) on reducing As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in textile, sand mining, and domestic wastewater over three weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and Lemna’s growth rates were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD. Results showed that Lemna perpusilla effectively adsorbs As, Cd, Cr, and Pb from domestic, sand mining, and batik textile wastewater, with higher biomass leading to improved removal efficiencies. Maximum heavy metal adsorption was observed in batik textile wastewater, achieving over 70% removal for all metals, while domestic and sand mining wastewater showed variable adsorption rates depending on the metal and Lemna biomass. Optimal biomass for growth and adsorption varied: 30 g for domestic, 50 g for sand mining, and 40 g for batik textile wastewater.

PENGARUH BIO SOLID 17 BERBASIS POME TERHADAP PH, KAPASITAS TUKAR KATION, DAN KAPASITAS MENAHAN AIR TANAH INCEPTISOL Jaya, Galang Indra; Pamungkas, Guruh Sri; Gunawan, Sri; Wirianata, Herry; Santi, Idum Satia; Ardiyanto, Adhy; Kurniawan, Agung; Avianto, Yovi; Putra, Arief Panca; Aji, Novan Pramana
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Vol 25 No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lampung.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25181/jppt.v25i4.4654

Inceptisols are widely distributed in tropical regions, including Indonesia, and are characterized by high rainfall and intensive weathering. These conditions promote severe nutrient leaching, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), and moderately to slightly acidic soil pH, thereby limiting nutrient availability, fertilizer-use efficiency, and crop productivity, particularly in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BIO SOLID 17, an organic soil conditioner derived from palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge, on the chemical and physical properties of Inceptisol through a controlled incubation experiment. A two-month laboratory incubation was conducted using a randomized complete block design with five application rates of BIO SOLID 17 (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg ha⁻¹), each with five replications. Observed parameters included soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water-holding capacity (WHC), which were analyzed using standard methods. The results demonstrated that BIO SOLID 17 application significantly improved Inceptisol soil quality in a dose-dependent manner. Soil pH increased from strongly acidic conditions (4.85) in the control to near-neutral levels (6.19) at the highest application rate. Soil CEC also increased significantly from 34.41 to 47.49 cmolc kg⁻¹, indicating enhanced nutrient retention capacity. In addition, soil water-holding capacity increased from 46.82% to 55.81%, reflecting improvements in soil aggregation and moisture retention. Overall, BIO SOLID 17 shows strong potential as a sustainable organic soil amendment for improving the chemical and physical fertility of Inceptisol. The utilization of POME-based materials supports circular economy principles by converting agro-industrial waste into value-added agricultural inputs. Further field-scale studies are recommended to confirm effectiveness and determine optimal application rates under oil palm plantation systems.

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