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SEASONAL AND INTRA-SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF OCEAN THERMAL POTENTIAL ENERGY IN THE INDONESIAN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE Suprijo, Totok; Napitupulu, Gandhi; Ningsih, Nining Sari; Sinaga, Denny Basardo Jonatan; Rachman, Audi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.1.2024.866

Abstract

Ocean thermal energy is a promising marine renewable energy resource that can be developed as a clean energy alternative for Indonesia, which is in the equatorial or tropical region. This study assesses the potential of ocean thermal energy as a renewable energy source in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) by estimating the monthly, seasonal, and intra-seasonal variability of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) resources. The Indonesian EEZ spans from 6°N to 11°S and 95°E to 139°E, covering an area of 3,495,698.72 km². Using temperature data from simulations of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), the study evaluates the potential of OTEC resources over a 50-year period (from January 1964 to December 2013) with a spatial resolution of 0.125°. Estimation of OTEC potential power resources was based on temperature differences at depths of 20 m and 1000 m, following the hybrid cycle working principle.The results of the estimations indicate that the area has a monthly average potential power of 289.73 GW. The estimation also reveals seasonal and intra-seasonal variability in this potential energy, with fluctuations ranging from 280.09 GW in August to 295.65 GW in December, influenced by phenomena such as ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole). In the Indonesian EEZ, the average potential thermal power decreases to 288.23 GW during an El Niño event and increases to 291.72 GW during a La Niña event. The IOD phenomenon has a similar effect, with potential decreasing to 281.82 GW during a positive IOD event and rising to 292.64 GW during a negative IOD event.
IMPACT OF SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT, WIND SPEED, AND PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY ON SHIPPING SAFETY IN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES Fathurohman, Azkal; Napitupulu, Gandhi; Fujiawati, Ghina; Napitupulu, Moses
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 40, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.40.1.2025.895

Abstract

Unexpected and unpredictable extreme weather poses significant risks to maritime activities, particularly in Indonesian waters and the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes, known as ALKI, which have been internationally recognized for shipping and aviation since 1985. This study assesses these risks by analyzing patterns of wave height, wind speed, and rainfall along ALKI to improve shipping safety and mitigate accident risks. Data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 for the period 1993 to 2023 and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) for 2001 to 2020 were processed using descriptive statistics and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) methods. The results reveal high waves (1-2.5 m) and strong winds at Beaufort scale 4 prevailing in northern Indonesian waters from December to February and southern waters from June to August. Higher rainfall (350-600 mm) occurs in the northern region from September to November and in the southern from December to February. Extreme waves (90th percentile) reach up to 3 m in open ocean areas such as the Natuna Sea, western Sumatra, southern Java, the Maluku Sea, and northern Papua Sea. Extreme winds are observed over open ocean areas, with slight spatial shifts, as seen in the Arafura Sea (9-10 m/s). Extreme rainfall (250-350 mm) is concentrated in the northwestern region. EOF analysis identifies global climate phenomena and regional oceanographic dynamics as the primary drivers of significant wave height variability. Improved understanding of weather variability can enhance navigation safety along the ALKI routes and inform more effective regulation, law enforcement, and monitoring.
Kajian Perilaku Gelombang Akibat Adanya Struktur Tiang Pancang Silinder melalui Analisis Spektrum Energi: Study of Wave Behavior due to Cylinder Pile Structure Through Energy Spectrum Analysis Suprijo, Totok; Khadami, Faruq; Abdullah, Faizal Ade R.; Sesami, Hening; Poerbandono; Prasetyo, Adi; Ginting, Juventus; Simanjuntak, Eduardo; Napitupulu, Gandhi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
Publisher : Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jitkt.v15i1.42612

Abstract

Struktur pemecah gelombang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk perlindungan pantai dari hantaman gelombang laut yang berpropagasi ke daerah pesisir pantai. Salah satu inovasi pemecah gelombang yang sedang dikembangkan yaitu struktur tiang pancang. Tiang pancang merupakan replikasi batang pohon bakau yang dapat meredam energi gelombang. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efektivitas struktur tiang pancang dengan menganalisis perilaku gelombang sebelum dan sesudah bertabrakan dengan struktur tiang pancang berdasarkan pembagian teori gelombang. Simulasi laboratorium fisik telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data gelombang yang berinteraksi dengan struktur tiang pancang. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis spektrum energi untuk menentukan spektrum energi gelombang datang, refleksi dan transmisi dari pengukuran wave probe berupa data time series. Masing-masing spektrum energi digunakan untuk melihat kemampuan refleksi dan transmisi dari struktur tiang pancang dari koefisien refleksi dan transmisi. Nilai koefisien refleksi dan transmisi diestimasi dengan persamaan polinomial derajat tiga menghasilkan dan dengan variabel parameter dasar gelombang yaitu tinggi gelombang, periode gelombang dan kedalaman perairan. Titik kritis dari persamaan polinomial menunjukkan nilai koefisien refleksi dan transmisi minimum ketika berada pada daerah Cnoidal dan maksimum ketika berada pada daerah Stokes orde-2.