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All Journal Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Cahyadi, Salwa Nisrina
Unknown Affiliation
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Other

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COMPARATIVE TEST OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ALCOHOL MIXTURE BASE HAND SANITIZER WITH CHLORHEXIDINE MIXTURE BASE ON ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SHIGELLA SONNEI BACTERIA rahmi, eldiza puji; Farida Muti, Annisa; Pradana, Dhinga Luthfiyani; Valentino, Mikhael; Cahyadi, Salwa Nisrina; Andini, Putri; Ferdian, Muhamad; Widjaja, Tiyon; Razan Fachrudin, Brooklyn; Nabila, Annisa Hasna; Wandira, Salsabilla Puteri; Marliah Saputri, Sirly; Azzahra, Khayla Shifa; Kusumaningrum, Alfina Aprilia; Shabrina, Cut Laila Nur; Nurjannah, Rabbiah Putri
Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Vol.2 No.1 JUNE (2023)
Publisher : Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Medicine, UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33533/jrpps.v2i1.7013

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hand sanitizer is a hand cleanser which is easy and practical in use. Using hand sanitizer can be an alternative for washing hands if in condition without water and soap. Hand sanitizer is used to clean pathogens on hands. The ability to kill pathogens in hand sanitizers is due to the active substance content in them. In this research, the effectiveness of 2 hand sanitizers on the market was tested. The test aims to see the effect of the active substances in each preparation on the effectiveness of killing pathogens. Testing was carried out using the Kirby Bauer method and on 2 bacterial media, namely Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. Hand sanitizer 1 has a composition consisting of 70% ethyl alcohol and 0.5% chlorhexidine. Hand sanitizer 2 has a composition consisting of 55% ethyl alcohol and 18% isopropyl alcohol with a total of 73% alcohol. Based on observations, it was found that hand sanitizer 1 was more effective than hand sanitizer 2. The chlorhexidine content in hand sanitizer 1 increased its effectiveness in killing pathogens.
Formulation, Characterization, and Total Phenolic Content of Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Leaf Extract Sunscreen Cream with Triethanolamine Base Comparison Mahdiyyah, Ade Abiyyatun; Farkhani, Aulia; Esadini, Ayu Rana; Pratama, Deri Putra; Cahyadi, Salwa Nisrina; Rifkia, Via
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 15, NUMBER 2, JULY-DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds show strong antioxidant activity that can neutralize free radicals and protect the skin from oxidative damage. Despite its known photoprotective potential, the use of Moringa leaf extract in stable sunscreen cream formulations is still limited. Moreover, the influence of extract and emulsifier (triethanolamine) concentrations on the cream’s physical properties and their relation to total phenolic content has not been well studied. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Moringa leaf extract-based sunscreen creams with extract concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%, and triethanolamine concentrations of 1% and 1.5%. Eight formulas were prepared and evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, spreadability, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, phase separation, and emulsion type. The total phenolic content was also determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Results showed that increasing the concentration of extract and triethanolamine significantly affected the pH, spreadability, and viscosity of the cream (p < 0.05), while all remained within acceptable ranges for topical preparations. The total phenolic content increased proportionally with extract concentration, with Formula 8 (2.5% extract) showing the highest phenolic content of 25.12 mg GAE/g. These findings indicate that Moringa leaf extract has strong potential as a natural antioxidant and photoprotective agent for sunscreen cream formulations.
Co-Authors Azzahra, Khayla Shifa Esadini, Ayu Rana Farida Muti, Annisa Farkhani, Aulia Ferdian, Muhamad Kusumaningrum, Alfina Aprilia Mahdiyyah, Ade Abiyyatun Marliah Saputri, Sirly Nabila, Annisa Hasna Nurjannah, Rabbiah Putri Pradana, Dhinga Luthfiyani Pratama, Deri Putra Putri Andini, Putri Rahmi, Eldiza Puji Razan Fachrudin, Brooklyn Rifkia, Via Shabrina, Cut Laila Nur Valentino, Mikhael Wandira, Salsabilla Puteri Widjaja, Tiyon