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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Communications in Science and Technology Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Lestari, Witri Wahyu
Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta
Astronomy Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Modification of Polyurethane from Cardanol Biomass of Cashew Nut Shell with Ag Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Activity Magdalena Devi Suryono; Muhammad Ilham Khairuddiin; Fauziyah Azhari; Maulidan Firdaus; Sentot Budi Rahardjo; Witri Wahyu Lestari
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 3 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 3 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.3.195-206

Abstract

The cardanol-based polyurethane was systematically investigated for its chemical structure, thermal stability, surface hydrophobicity, morphology, dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), crystalline features, and antibacterial performance. In this study, a Biobased polyurethane (PU) derived from cardanol extracted from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to develop antibacterial composite materials. Cardanol was isolated via liquid–liquid extraction and further purified using column chromatography. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the successful removal of anacardic acid and the presence of cardanol. The cardanol-based polyol was synthesized via a thiol–ene click reaction and subsequently polymerized with 1,4-butanediol and hexamethylene diisocyanate to produce an elastomeric PU. AgNPs were incorporated at various loadings to evaluate their influence on physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity. FTIR analysis verified urethane bond formation, while thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) demonstrated thermal stability up to 200°C. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure of silver within the PU matrix. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX) revealed that PU containing 15 wt% AgNPs exhibited the most homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion. An increase in AgNPs content led to enhanced surface hydrophobicity and antibacterial performance. Antibacterial essays showed PU/AgNPs composites effectively inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with the largest inhibition zones observed for PU/Ag containing 15 wt% AgNPs (16.40 mm and 12.60 mm, respectively). Overall, the results indicated that AgNP loading governs a trade-off between dispersion uniformity and antibacterial efficacy, with intermediate loading favoring homogeneous morphology and higher loading maximizing antibacterial performance. These findings highlight the potential of PU/AgNPs composites for use as antibacterial coating materials.
Co-Authors AGUS PURWANTO Anggia Putri Gustami Bambang Heru Susanto, Bambang Heru Burhan Fatkhur Rahman Candra Purnawan Desi Suci Handayani Desi Suci Handayani Dian Maruto Widjonarko Dian Wahyu Tri Wulansari Dielsa Eka Kuswari Eddy Heraldy edi pramono Elfrida Ratnawati Enri Pramuja Fajar Rakhman Wibowo Fauziyah Azhari Fauziyah Azhari Fauziyah Azhari Fitria Rahmawati Fitria Rahmawati Gesyth Mutiara Hikhmah Al Ichsan Hadi Suwarno Hamzah Fansuri I.F. Nurcahyo I.F. Nurcahyo IF Nurcahyo Jeesica Hermayanti Pratama Joni Hartono Joni Hartono Khoirina Dwi N Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtiyas Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas Larasati Larasati Magdalena Devi Suryono Marisa Adreane Marisa Adreane Maulidan Firdaus Muhammad Ilham Khairuddiin Nurul Widiastuti Oktaviana Dyah Mayasari Prapti Rahayu Qonita Awliya Hanif Reva Edra Nugraha Riandy Putra Sentot Budi Rahardjo Sentot Budi Rahardjo Shinta Amelia Putri Teguh Endah Saraswati Triana Kusumaningsih Triyanda Gunawan Venty Suryanti Viona Natalia Wulan Cahya Inayah Yuniawan Hidayat