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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Jurnal Abdi Insani Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Merdeka Indonesia Jurnal International Jurnal Hasi Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Eksakta - JPPIE Indonesian Journal of Community Empowerment and Service Jurnal Katalisator Rafflesia Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences (RJNAS)
Vicka Andini
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Synthesis of a Slow-Release Fertilizer Composite Based on Microcrystalline Cellulose from Coconut Husk Waste Andini, Vicka; Dwiwibangga, Yoravika; Safniyeti, Safniyeti; Az Zahra, Nasywa; Anis, Ulfah; Elfia, Mega
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 2 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 2 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.2.149-160

Abstract

This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of a biodegradable slow-release fertilizer based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from coconut husk waste from Seluma Regency, Bengkulu Province. MCC was prepared through sequential acid washing, alkaline delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. A composite fertilizer was synthesized by incorporating maleate-containing polymer segments into MCC through limited radical grafting and/or esterification, followed by incorporation of polydihydroxymethylurea potassium phosphate (PDMU–KP) using citric acid as an interaction agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicates the presence of carbonyl, amide, and phosphate-related functional groups associated with the composite structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense and agglomerated composite morphology with a rough, layered surface and crystalline aggregates, while energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis verified the presence of C, N, O, P, and K elements within the copolymer matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a reduction in cellulose crystallinity after copolymerization, indicating the formation of a polymer composite. Nutrient release tests conducted in distilled water for 28 days demonstrated controlled and differential release behavior governed by polymer swelling and matrix relaxation processes. Phosphate exhibited a maximum release concentration of 0.398 mg/L on day 7, followed by a gradual decrease to 0.058 mg/L by day 28. In contrast, nitrogen release occurred more gradually, reaching a maximum concentration of approximately 3.08 mg/L on day 14 before declining at later stages. These results indicate that the MCC-g-PMA/PDMU–KP copolymer provides sustained nutrient release with distinct release maxima for phosphorus and nitrogen, highlighting its potential as a cellulose-based slow-release fertilizer designed to improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce nutrient losses, derived from locally available coconut husk waste.
Co-Authors Aidil Onasis Alfin Surya Asdim Asdim Avidlyandi, Avidlyandi Az zahra, Nasywa Buololo, Nadia Buololo Nirmala Devi Ratnawati Dwi, Freshka Aulia Eduwin Saputra Etriyanto Arman Evi Maryanti Khafit Wiradimafan Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven Lusiana Lusiana Martono H.P, Agus Maryana, Dina Mega Elfia Morina Adfa Nadya Br Debora Nurul Renaningtias, Nurul Oktiarni, ⁠Dwita Oky Hermansyah Safniyeti Safniyeti, Safniyeti Sri Wulandari Ulfah Anis Wibowo, Risky Hadi Wibowo, Yudhistira Panca Yoravika Dwiwibangga Yuwita, Fitri