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Implikasi Kebijakan terhadap Keadilan Perlakuan dalam Pemberian Hak Istimewa kepada Investor Asing di Indonesia Panji Purboyo; Hulman Panjaitan; Paltiada Saragi
Journal of Mandalika Literature Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/jml.v6i2.3793

The granting of special privileges to foreign investors in certain sectors has the potential to violate human rights, such as the right to land and the right to a healthy environment. Foreign investors often do not exhibit the same level of concern for the rights of local communities as domestic entrepreneurs. Regulations regarding special privileges for foreign investors in Indonesia are frequently unclear, leading to varied interpretations. This situation creates legal uncertainty and opens up opportunities for abuse. This normative juridical research produced several findings. First, the regulation of special privileges for foreign investors in Indonesia is governed by legislation, particularly Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment. This law provides various facilities, including special privileges, to foreign investors. However, these regulations are not yet fully effective, raising concerns about legal certainty. This indicates the need for reforms in the legal and investment regulation systems so that Indonesia can become a prime destination for investors.Second, Indonesia has implemented the principles of National Treatment (NT) and Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) in Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment. Article 6(1) of the law mandates that the government must provide equal treatment to all investors, regardless of their country of origin, in accordance with applicable regulations. This principle ensures legal fairness through “equal treatment” for all investors, whether domestic or foreign, without discrimination. Thus, the Non-Discrimination Principle has been effectively implemented.

Legal Protection for Foreign Investors at Normative and Implementation Levels in Indonesia Hasim Sukamto; Hulman Panjaitan; Paltiada Saragi
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i2.567

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development. However, the realization of foreign investment is not free from challenges related to legal certainty and protection. This study aims to analyze legal protection for foreign investors in Indonesia, both in terms of applicable legal norms and from the aspect of implementation in the field. Through a literature review, information was collected from various sources in the form of journals, articles, and relevant laws and regulations to gain a broad understanding of legal protection for foreign investors at the normative and implementation levels in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian laws and regulations, especially Law No. 25/2007 concerning Investment, various Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and FTAs provide a comprehensive legal protection framework for foreign investors. In the field, legal uncertainty still arises due to overlapping regulations, frequent policy changes, and different interpretations between institutions. Slow and less transparent licensing bureaucracy, as well as the risk of extortion practices, reduce the attractiveness of investment. Reform efforts such as simplifying licensing through OSS, establishing BKPM as a one-stop shop, and ratifying the Omnibus Law on Job Creation have shown progress in increasing certainty and ease of investment.

Legal Consequences and Liability of Actions by Directors and Commissioners After Term Expiry Deny Panjaitan; Hulman Panjaitan; Paltiada Saragi
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i2.568

This study examines the legal consequences and liability arising from actions taken by the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners of a limited liability company (Perseroan Terbatas PT) after their official terms of office have expired. Employing a cross-sectional quantitative survey design, a Likert-scale questionnaire was distributed to 270 respondent comprising corporate managers of publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (large-, mid-, and small-cap) and corporate law practitioners in Greater Jakarta. Construct validity (KMO = 0.68; Bartlett’s Test p < 0.001) and reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.78–0.84) confirmed the adequacy of the instrument. Descriptive analysis showed moderate mean scores for legal status of actions (Mean = 3.12) and reappointment mechanisms (Mean = 2.75). Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between “ultra vires” actions and civil liability risk (r = 0.582; p < 0.001) as well as criminal liability risk (r = 0.314; p < 0.001), whereas reappointment via the General Meeting of Shareholders (RUPS) correlated negatively with civil (r = –0.423; p < 0.001) and criminal (r = –0.287; p < 0.001) risks. Multiple linear regression reinforced these findings (R² = 0.52 for civil risk; R² = 0.31 for criminal risk). ANOVA indicated that small-cap firms faced the highest civil risk and that practitioners with over ten years of experience reported the lowest concern for criminal risk. These results underscore the need for proactive RUPS scheduling, multi-layered authorization systems, and strengthened compliance functions to mitigate ultra vires risks and reinforce good corporate governance.

Legal Protection for Owners of Well-Known Trademarks from the Perspective of Court Decisions Rini B. A. Silitonga; Hulman Panjaitan; Paltiada Saragi
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i2.569

Protection of well-known trademarks is a crucial aspect of intellectual property systems, especially in the face of global trade dynamics and the development of digital technologies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for owners of well-known trademarks from the perspective of court decisions in Indonesia. Using a qualitative method based on a normative juridical approach and case studies of court rulings (including the Hugo Boss and Superman cases), this research reveals that trademark protection in Indonesia remains reactive, dependent on litigation, and has not fully prevented the registration of confusingly similar trademarks by parties acting in bad faith. Moreover, the absence of objective standards for defining well-known trademarks and indicators of bad faith weakens legal certainty. On the other hand, courts have begun to show consistency in rejecting trademark registrations that violate the principles of well-known trademark protection, although this has yet to be supported by an adequate administrative system from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI). The study recommends the establishment of technical regulations, strengthening DJKI’s capacity, and integrating protection systems with international norms as strategic steps to reinforce legal protection for owners of well-known trademarks in Indonesia.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengguna Cryptocurrency Menurut UU No. 4 Tahun 2023 Tentang P2SK.: Legal Protection for Cryptocurrency Users According to Law No. 4 of 2023 Concerning P2SK. Jerry Peryanto; Diana Ria W. Napitupulu; Paltiada Saragi
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Vol. 8 No. 5: Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v8i5.7576

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong transformasi sektor keuangan, salah satunya melalui hadirnya cryptocurrency sebagai inovasi dalam sistem pembayaran dan investasi. Di Indonesia, fenomena ini menghadirkan tantangan hukum terkait perlindungan konsumen, kepastian regulasi, dan efektivitas pengawasan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis sejauh mana perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna cryptocurrency telah diakomodasi dalam UU No. 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (UU PPSK). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, berdasarkan data sekunder seperti peraturan, literatur hukum, jurnal, dan dokumen resmi melalui studi kepustakaan serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU PPSK menjadi fondasi penting dalam pengawasan sektor keuangan digital, meski belum menyebut cryptocurrency secara tegas. OJK mendapat kewenangan mengawasi layanan keuangan digital, diperkuat dengan terbitnya POJK No. 27 Tahun 2024. Sementara itu, Bappebti tetap berperan dalam mengatur perdagangan aset kripto melalui Peraturan Bappebti No. 5 Tahun 2019. Meski kedua lembaga menunjukkan komitmen kuat, tantangan tetap ada, seperti belum adanya definisi hukum kripto, minimnya aturan substantif, dan proses transisi pengawasan. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan regulasi turunan, undang-undang khusus, dan peningkatan literasi masyarakat.

Synergy of Trademark Protection and Consumer Rights: A Legal Analysis on the Prevention of Product Counterfeiting Hulman Panjaitan; Andrew Bethlen; Paltiada Saragi; Tomson Situmeang
Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): JHK-August
Publisher : PT. Hafasy Dwi Nawasena

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61942/jhk.v2i5.420

: This study examines legal protection for consumers in cases of product counterfeiting through the perspectives of consumer protection law and trademark law. The phenomenon of product counterfeiting is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, causing harm not only to original producers but also endangering consumers as the most vulnerable party. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Data sources consist of primary legal materials in the form of relevant laws and regulations, as well as secondary legal materials such as literature, journals, and expert opinions. The analysis is conducted qualitatively, emphasizing legal interpretation of applicable norms. The findings indicate that consumers are highly vulnerable in cases of product counterfeiting due to limited access to information, knowledge asymmetry, and the difficulty of distinguishing between genuine and counterfeit products. Legal protection can be pursued through two pathways: prevention and enforcement. Preventive legal strategies include strengthening regulations, integrated supervision, and consumer education. Meanwhile, enforcement is carried out through both criminal and civil legal actions against counterfeiters. Furthermore, the synergy between trademark protection and consumer protection serves as a crucial pillar in preventing counterfeiting practices, as both complement each other in ensuring justice, legal certainty, and utility. This study underscores the importance of the involvement of all stakeholders government, producers, consumers, and law enforcement authorities in establishing a layered protection system. Thus, the ultimate goal of consumer protection is not only to provide legal certainty but also to foster a fair and healthy trading environment.

Kesenjangan Regulasi dan Praktik Perlindungan Konsumen pada Layanan Telemedicine di Indonesia Claudia Belseran; Hulman Panjaitan; Paltiada Saragi
Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543 Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika Indonesia (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss4pp1035-1041

Consumer protection in telemedicine services in Indonesia has become increasingly important due to the rapid advancement of technology. These services face risks related to data privacy, unclear consumer rights, and challenges in interactions with healthcare providers. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of consumer rights protection in telemedicine services in Indonesia and analyze the effectiveness of existing regulations in safeguarding these rights. Key issues faced by consumers, such as uncertainties in complaint mechanisms and privacy breaches, are the main focus of this research. The methodology employed is policy evaluation, which includes an analysis of relevant regulations such as the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 20 of 2019 and the Consumer Protection Law. Interviews with legal experts were also conducted to gain deeper insights, along with comparisons to telemedicine regulations in other countries. Findings indicate that despite the existence of regulations, field implementation often does not align with legal provisions. Limitations in supervision and gaps between regulations and on-the-ground practices have resulted in consumer rights violations, particularly concerning data security and complaint mechanisms. Recommendations for improving consumer literacy, strengthening regulations, and establishing stricter monitoring mechanisms are proposed to enhance consumer protection in telemedicine services.

A Legal Framework for the Protection of Consumer Rights in E-Commerce Transactions Handry; Wiwik Sri Widiarti; Paltiada Saragi
Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu sosial
Publisher : Pengurus Pusat Perkumpulan Ilmuwan Administrasi Negara Indonesia (PIANI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63309/dialektika.v23i2.543

Abstract Consumer protection in e-commerce transactions has become an essential issue in Indonesia, with the rapid growth of digital commerce creating both opportunities and risks for consumers. The urgency of this topic stems from the challenges consumers face in exercising their rights within the digital marketplace, where laws like the Consumer Protection Law and the ITE Law often fail to ensure effective legal protection. This research aims to explore the factors that influence the effectiveness of these legal protections in e-commerce transactions and to propose recommendations for improving the legal framework. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The study examines the implementation of consumer protection laws in the context of large and small e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. The findings of the study indicate that while legal frameworks exist, enforcement remains inconsistent, with varying levels of compliance across platforms. The research recommends strengthening the legal structure by improving consumer education, enhancing dispute resolution mechanisms, and ensuring stricter enforcement to protect consumer rights more effectively in the growing digital market. Keywords: Consumer Protection, E-commerce, Legal Framework, Indonesia, Consumer Rights.

Pandemi Covid-19 Sebagai Alasan Permohonan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Akibat Force Majeure Oleh Debitor: Covid-19 Pandemic as Reason for Request for Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations Due to Force Majeure by Debtors Andyta Linda Aristy; Paltiada Saragi
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Vol. 7 No. 3: MARET 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v7i3.4670

Dampak pandemi COVID-19 sangat berdampak pada sektor perekonomian. Kebijakan pemerintah yang membatasi aktivitas masyarakat untuk mengekang penyebaran virus telah memperburuk tantangan yang dihadapi masyarakat. Banyak pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian kontrak mendapati diri mereka tidak mampu memenuhi kewajiban kontrak mereka. Penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Keputusan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 yang menetapkan bencana non alam penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 sebagai bencana nasional, membuat berbagai pemangku kepentingan menganggap pandemi COVID-19 sebagai peristiwa Force majeure. Penggolongan pandemi COVID-19 sebagai peristiwa Force majeure menjadi landasan ketidakpraktisan pemenuhan kewajiban kontrak sehingga memerlukan restrukturisasi utang. Meningkatnya tren pengajuan permohonan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) di Pengadilan Niaga akibat pandemi COVID-19 semakin memperkuat persepsi bahwa permohonan PKPU merupakan mekanisme restrukturisasi utang yang layak, memberikan keselamatan bagi perusahaan debitur, sekaligus memberikan keselamatan bagi perusahaan debitur. juga memberikan keadilan bagi debitur dan kreditor.”

Pandemi Covid-19 sebagai Alasan Permohonan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Akibat Force Majeure oleh Debitor : COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excuse for Delay of Debt Payment Obligation due to Force Majeure by Debtor Andyta Linda Aristy; Paltiada Saragi
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Vol. 7 No. 4: APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v7i4.4702

Dampak pandemi COVID-19 sangat berdampak pada sektor perekonomian. Kebijakan pemerintah yang membatasi aktivitas masyarakat untuk mengekang penyebaran virus telah memperburuk tantangan yang dihadapi masyarakat. Banyak pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian kontrak mendapati diri mereka tidak mampu memenuhi kewajiban kontrak mereka. Penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Keputusan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 yang menetapkan bencana non alam penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 sebagai bencana nasional, membuat berbagai pemangku kepentingan menganggap pandemi COVID-19 sebagai peristiwa Force majeure. Penggolongan pandemi COVID-19 sebagai peristiwa Force majeure menjadi landasan ketidakpraktisan pemenuhan kewajiban kontrak sehingga memerlukan restrukturisasi utang. Meningkatnya tren pengajuan permohonan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) di Pengadilan Niaga akibat pandemi COVID-19 semakin memperkuat persepsi bahwa permohonan PKPU merupakan mekanisme restrukturisasi utang yang layak, memberikan keselamatan bagi perusahaan debitur, sekaligus memberikan keselamatan bagi perusahaan debitur. juga memberikan keadilan bagi debitur dan kreditor.

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