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All Journal Buletin Veteriner Udayana
I Ketut Berata
Laboratorium Patologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali; Indonesia, 80234
Immunology & microbiology Public Health Veterinary

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COINFECTION OF SEVERE TRICHURIOSIS AND COCCIDIOSIS IN A DUROC WEANER PIG Kezia Joana Limarta; I Ketut Berata; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2024 Vol. 16 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i06.p10

Abstract

The presence of gastrointestinal parasites can inhibit the growth of weaning-phase pigs. In addition, gastrointestinal parasites can make pigs more susceptible to other pathogens and even cause death. This case report discusses the co-infection of severe trichuriosis and coccidiosis with secondary Escherichia coli infection in a Duroc weaner pig. Data were collected through anamnesis, epidemiological studies, clinical signs, anatomical pathology and histopathological examinations, and bacteriology and parasitology laboratory examinations. The case animal is a male Duroc pig, 2.5 months old, originating from Sulahan village, Susut sub-district, Bangli regency, Bali. The clinical signs observed were diarrhea with dark feces and decreased appetite. On anatomical pathology examination, 2329 adult Trichuris suis worms were found in the cecum and colon. Changes in the organs included wounds and hemorrhage in the cecum and colon, hemorrhage in the stomach and small intestine, and a singular white spot found on the uneven-colored liver. Histopathological examination showed enteritis hemorrhagis et necroticans, colitis necroticans verminosa, gastritis necroticans, and hepatitis necroticans. Bacteriological examination identified Escherichia coli in the intestine and liver specimens. Qualitative examination of feces revealed T. suis eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts. According to McMaster's calculations, there were 36,200 eggs per gram (EPG) of T. suis and 15,800 oocysts per gram (OPG) of Eimeria spp. Based on all data, along with the results of laboratory examinations, it can be concluded that the pig was infected with severe trichuriosis and coccidiosis with secondary Escherichia coli infection. Pigs that are still alive and are confirmed to be infected with trichuriosis and coccidiosis should be treated.
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF BALI DUCKS SKIN IN GROWER PHASE Dionysius Immanuel; Ni Luh Eka Setiasih; Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari; I Ketut Berata; Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani; Sri Kayati Widyastuti
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. June 2025 Vol. 17 No. 3
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i03.p07

Abstract

The skin is the largest and outermost organ that can be directly observed. The skin plays a crucial role for bali ducks as a protective barrier against the environment, maintaining body temperature, retaining body fluids, and neurosensory functions. This study aims to determine the structure of the bali duck skin (Anas sp.) during the grower phase. This study used ten bali ducks aged 3 months. The histological structure was observed using a binocular light microscope. The histological structure was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The structure of bali duck skin consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis has three layers: stratum corneum, stratum intermedium, and stratum basale. The dermis has two layers: stratum compactum and stratum laxum. The tissues found in the bali duck skin include feather follicles, blood vessels, Herbst corpuscles, connective tissue, and musculus erector pili. Based on the research conducted, no differences in the histological structure of the skin were found across the three regions. Further research is needed on the skin structure of Bali ducks at different phases and sexes to obtain more comprehensive data, and specific histological studies are required to identify the skin histology of Bali ducks in greater detail.
COLISEPTICEMIA IN PIGLET AT A PIG FARM IN PEREAN VILLAGE, BATURITI DISTRICT, TABANAN, BALI Bintang Sabrina Bunga Karona Siahaan; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Ketut Berata; I Made Dwinata; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2024 Vol. 16 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i06.p13

Abstract

The animal used as case in this report is a pig came from a farm in Perean Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan, Bali. It is a male piglet aged ± 2 months which was reported to have had continuous diarrhea for 6 days. The piglet was also showing symptoms such as emaciation, weakness and anorexia. This case study aims to discuss the anatomical pathology findings, histopathology and laboratory examination results of the piglet which is suspected of being infected with colibacillosis. The examination method consists of collecting data related to epidemiology, necropsy and data on anatomical pathological changes, histopathological preparations and histopathological change lesion findings, culture and identification of bacteria, and identification of parasites. All data results obtained will then be analyzed qualitative descriptively (Dharmayanti, 2022). Necropsy result shows haemorrrhage in almost all organs, along with distension and swelling in the intestines and stomach. Histopathological examination shows bleeding and inflammation in brain, trachea, spleen, and large intestine, as well as inflammation and necrosis in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, stomach and small intestine. In the bacteriological examination, the bacterial agent E. coli was successfully isolated from heart and lungs. While the parasitological examination did not reveal any parasitic agents involved. Based on series of examinations that had been carried out, it is concluded that the piglet is infected with colibacillosis. It is recommended to improve sanitation of the cage and surrounding areas in order to further reduce the risk of colibacillosis transmission amongst pigs.
ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SHIGELLA SP. INFECTIONS IN BROILER CHICKENS AT A CLOSED HOUSE FARM IN BATUNGSEL VILLAGE, TABANAN I Putu Gde Surya Nagara Ardiana; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Ketut Berata; Nyoman Adi Suratma; Tri Komala Sari
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2024 Vol. 16 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i06.p20

Abstract

Escherichia coli is a coliform bacterium naturally found in the intestines of mammals. However, pathogenic strains, such as Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), can cause systemic infections and bacteremia in poultry. Infections by Escherichia coli in broilers lead to economic losses due to decreased production and increased mortality. This case report was conducted under protocol number 1/N/24, using anamnesis, clinical signs, epidemiological data, anatomical pathology, and histopathology observations to diagnose the condition. A 28-day-old white broiler chicken was collected from a closed house farm in Batungsel Village, Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency. Observed signs included lethargy, reduced appetite, an enlarged reddish abdomen, and white diarrhea. After the chicken's death, a necropsy was performed, and organ samples were preserved in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF). Samples of the brain, lungs, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, intestines, bursa, and feces were analyzed in histopathology, bacteriology, and parasitology laboratories. Histopathological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examination. Bacterial infection tests included culturing samples from the intestines, liver, lungs, and heart on general, selective-differential, and Blood Agar media, followed by primary and secondary tests. The presence of Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. was confirmed. Parasite examinations using the flotation method showed no worm eggs or coccidia. These findings confirmed that the chicken was infected with Escherichia coli and Shigella sp.To prevent such infections, maintaining clean and sanitized housing is essential. Strict biosecurity measures are crucial to prevent external bacterial contamination. With good management practices, broiler chicken health can be optimally maintained.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PANCREAS IN WHITE RATS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF PURE MIMOSINE AND MIMOSINE IN LAMTORO LEAF POWDER I Ketut Berata; I Made Kardena; Ida Bagus Oka Winaya
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. February 2025 Vol. 17 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i01.p03

Abstract

Mimosine in the lamtoro plant (Leucaena leucochepala) is a toxic or anti-nutritional ingredient which is reported to mainly cause hair loss in cattle. In addition, there is the possibility of many impacts on body tissue as a result of consuming feed ingredients containing mimosine. This study aims to determine the impact of mimosine in lamtoro leaf powder on histopathological changes in the pancreas of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 18 male Wistar strain white rats, 2 months old with a body weight of 250-300 g, were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, namely group P0 as a negative control (placebo), group P1 as a positive control given pure mimosine produced by Sigma at a dose of 5 mg/day, group P2 given mimosine from lamtoro leaf powder as a positive control at a dose of 50 mg/day Treatment was carried out every day for 14 days with a sonde. On day 15, all mice were euthanized and sacrificed for their pancreatic tissue. Next, the pancreas is processed to make histopathological preparations using the hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method. Histopathological changes examined included lesions of congestion, bleeding and necrosis. Examination data is scored according to the distribution of lesions, namely normal criteria (score 0) if there are no lesions, mild criteria (score 1) if the lesion is focal, moderate criteria (score 2) if the lesion is multifocal and severe criteria (score 3) if the lesion is diffuse. The results of the examination showed that moderate levels of congestion lesions were found when mimosine was administered in lamtoro leaf powder. Mild necrotic lesions were found when mimosine was administered in lamtoro leaf powder, while moderate levels of necrotic lesions were found when standard mimosine was administered. It can be concluded that mimosine in lamtoro leaf powder can cause milder necrosis in the pancreas of white rats than standard mimosine administration. The flavonoid, tannin and protein components in lamtoro leaf powder can reduce the toxicity of mimosine. To reduce the effects of mimosine poisoning, it is best to limit the feeding of lamtoro leaves to livestock or before giving them to livestock, they should be given treatment to reduce the toxic effects.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INCISION WOUND HEALING IN RATS GIVEN PLATELET RICH PLASMA DROPS FROM PIG BLOOD Anak Agung Ngurah Hery Brian Priantara; I Wayan Wirata; I Ketut Berata; I Gusti Ngurah Sudisma; I Wayan Gorda Sudisma; Ni Luh Eka Setiasih
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2025 Vol. 17 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i02.p09

Abstract

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is platelet-rich plasma derived from whole blood. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) contains growth factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), insulin like growth factor (IGF-I), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) which play a role in accelerating wound healing. This study aims to determine the histopathological analysis of incision wound healing of white rats given pig blood PRP drops. This study used white rats of male sex with the age of 2 - 2.5 months with a body weight of 200 - 300 g. The rats used in this study were 27 rats divided into two groups. The 27 rats used were divided into 3 treatment groups, namely P0 (negative control, given 0.9% NaCl solution), P1 (positive control, given Bioplacenton), P2 (given PRP drops). On days 1, 5, and 11, biopsies were taken for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination was performed including four indicators: inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, fibroblasts, and collagen density. Data were then analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and if there was a significant difference (P<0.05), it would be followed by the Mann Whitney test. From the results of the study on the histopathology of white rat incision wounds given pig blood PRP drops showed an increase in development. On the first day, inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis increased, but decreased on days 5 and 11. Fibroblasts were seen on the first day then decreased until day 11. Collagen on day 1 began to be seen until on day 11 the density of collagen was very tight. It is necessary to make observations in a more detailed period of time to find out more clearly about the effect of PRP drops on angiogenesis.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF SWINE TO AFRICAN SWINE FEVER DNA VACCINE INDUCTION Kadek Thalia Suryaningtyas Oka Wardhani; I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika; I Ketut Berata
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2025 Vol. 17 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i02.p23

Abstract

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a disease that attack swine with high mortality. DNA vaccine against ASF had been tested in mouse, but the research in swine has not been done. The purpose of this study is to evaluate swine immune response against ASF DNA vaccine and time effect of serum collection against antibodies of ASF virus. The method that had been used is vaccinating the swine with ASF DNA vaccine intramuscularly and measuring humoral immune response with ELISA on collected swine serum in weeks 0, 2, and 4. The result pointing that ASF DNA vaccine can induce production of antibodies in treatment group compared with control group with Optical Density (OD) increasing value in weeks 2 and 4. The serum time collection also do affect antibodies level in every weeks that had been observed, that is weeks 0, 2, and 4 with significant increase between week 0 and 2, but between week 2 and 4 the antibodies level is not affected significantly. This study is recommending further research to observe protection effect of ASF DNA vaccine by extending research duration and observation of celluler immune response to support vaccine effectiveness in field.
CASE OF COLISEPTICEMIA IN BROILER CHICKEN AT CLOSED HOUSE FARM IN JIMBARAN, BADUNG REGENCY, BALI Alfaine Nova Chumayroh; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana; I Ketut Berata; Tri Komala Sari; Ida Bagus Made Oka
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2025 Vol. 17 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i04.p01

Abstract

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a pathogenic strain of E. coli that can cause systemic infections in poultry, leading to colisepticemia in chickens. This condition reduces productivity and increases financial losses for farmers. This case study aims to obtain a definitive diagnosis of the disease affecting 21-day-old broiler chickens in a farm located in Jimbaran, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali. The methods used include clinical symptom observation, epidemiological analysis, anatomical pathology, histopathology, and laboratory examinations for bacteriology and parasitology. The observed symptoms included weakness, decreased appetite and water intake, dull and stiff feathers, diarrhea, and the presence of solidified yellowish-white feces around the cloaca. Epidemiological analysis revealed that the farm had approximately ±10,000 chickens, with around ±1,800 chickens exhibiting similar symptoms and approximately ±500 deaths. The morbidity rate was 18%, the mortality rate was 5%, and the case fatality rate (CFR) was 27.8%. Gross pathology examination showed the presence of fibrin in the abdominal and thoracic areas, covering the heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed inflammation accompanied by heterophil inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, and congestion. Bacteriological examination was conducted by isolating bacteria using general and selective media, supported by Gram staining, catalase test, biochemical tests, and glucose fermentation tests, confirming the presence of Escherichia coli in the heart, liver, lungs, and intestines. Parasitological examination using native, sedimentation, and flotation methods on fecal samples showed no parasitic infection. The study concludes that the chickens were diagnosed with colisepticemia without any parasitic infection. Prevention measures should focus on maintaining biosecurity and farm sanitation to minimize infections caused by various pathogenic agents.
COLISEPTICEMIA IN BROILER CHICKEN FARM IN BATUNGSEL VILLAGE, PUPUAN DISTRICT, TABANAN DISTRICT, BALI Anak Agung Sagung Massita Jenika Putri; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana; Ida Bagus Made Oka; I Ketut Berata; Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2025 Vol. 17 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i04.p34

Abstract

Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial infection found in broiler chicken farms. Escherichia coli infection in poultry is generally systemic and causes bacteremia, so it is called colispticemia. Case reports were conducted to diagnose animals with protocol number 116/N/25 based on anamnesis data, clinical signs, epidemiology, anatomical pathology changes, and histopathological changes and examination in the bacteriology laboratory. 30-day-old white broiler chickens were taken from a farm owned by Mr. Rudi located in Batungsel Village, Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency. The clinical signs observed were that the chickens showed abdominal distension, were weak and did not want to eat, had slow growth compared to other chickens, diarrhea, dirt around the cloaca, shortness of breath and weight loss. After the case chicken died, a necropsy was performed, then organ samples were taken and fixed with 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF). Pathological examination of the anatomy found a layer of fibrin in the heart, liver and lungs. Tissue samples taken were brain, trachea, lungs, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys and intestines, then histopathological preparations were made with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results of histopathological examination found infiltration of heterophilic inflammatory cells in the lungs, liver, kidneys and intestines, indicating that the case animals were infected with bacteria. Examination of samples in the bacteriology and mycology laboratories obtained positive results for Escherichia coli bacteria in heart, lung, liver and intestine specimens. It can be concluded that the case chickens were infected by E. coli bacteria or were attacked by Colisepticemia. There needs to be increased sanitation and strict biosecurity in chicken farms
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SEA GRAPE SIMPLICIA ON LUNG HISTOPATHOLOGY IN PARACETAMOL-INDUCED RATS Reyna Tasya Dhewanty; I Ketut Berata; Tri Komala Sari; Samsuri; I Made Merdana
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2025 Vol. 17 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i04.p10

Abstract

Caulerpa lentillifera, commonly known as sea grapes, is a green alga found in shallow sandy areas and around coral reefs. It contains chlorophyll A and B, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, and C—all of which possess antioxidant properties. Antioxidants play a critical role in preventing and repairing cellular damage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of C. lentillifera simplicia on the lung histopathology of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with paracetamol. Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned to five groups and treated over a 14-day period. Lung tissues were collected on day 15 for histopathological analysis, focusing on indicators such as hemorrhage, inflammation, congestion, and necrosis. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Paracetamol administration caused significant histopathological damage to lung tissues. However, rats treated with C. lentillifera simplicia exhibited notable improvements, with reduced severity of hemorrhage, inflammation, congestion, and necrosis compared to the paracetamol-only group. These findings indicate that C. lentillifera simplicia has a protective effect against paracetamol-induced lung injury, supporting its potential use as a natural antioxidant for lung tissue protection.
Co-Authors Alfaine Nova Chumayroh Anak Agung Ngurah Hery Brian Priantara Anak Agung Sagung Massita Jenika Putri Bintang Sabrina Bunga Karona Siahaan Dionysius Immanuel Ditha Amelia Himelda Putri Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana Hapsari Mahatmi I Gusti Ketut Suarjana I Gusti Ketut Suarjana I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Sudisma I Made Dwinata I Made Kardena I Made Merdana I Nengah Kerta Besung I Nyoman Mantik Astawa I Putu Cahyadi Putra I Putu Cahyadi Putra, I Putu Cahyadi I Putu Gde Surya Nagara Ardiana I Wayan Gorda Sudisma I Wayan Wirata Ida Bagus Made Oka Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Kadek Thalia Suryaningtyas Oka Wardhani Kezia Joana Limarta Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani Ni Luh Eka Setiasih Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari Nyoman Adi Suratma Reyna Tasya Dhewanty Samsuri Sri Kayati Widyastuti Tri Komala Sari Viviana Anyaputri Tanurahardja