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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Review on DNA Modification for Drug Tartgeting Purposes Solomon Godiya Marvelous; Isaac John Umaru; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3400

Abstract

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) modification for drug targeting purposes is a rapidly advancing field that holds great promise for revolutionizing the way we approach disease treatment, offering precise and personalized approaches to tackle diseases. This seminar work provides an overview of the potential application of DNA modification for drug targeting. The seminar work begins by introducing nucleic acid and its types, structure of DNA and DNA modification, the concept of DNA modification and its significance in the context of drug targeting. It highlights the potential of DNA modification techniques, such as gene editing and epigenetic modifications. It also explores the application of DNA modification for drug targeting purposes. It discusses the use of gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, in correcting genetic mutations associated with inherited disorders or targeting disease-causing genes. By utilizing DNA modification techniques, drug targeting can be fine-tuned to enhance efficacy and minimize side effects. In general, this seminar report emphasizes the great potential of DNA modification for drug targeting purposes. By precisely modifying DNA, scientists can develop targeted therapies, correct genetic mutations, and optimize drug responses.
In-vitro Cytotoxic and Anti-vibro Cholerae Activities of Methanol Roots Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L (Noni) Isaac John Umaru; Daniel Konka; Iseko Iyoko Kingsly; Solomon Ossom Asare; Okrah George Hassan; Joseph Oteng; Tensaba Andes Akafa; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i1.4720

Abstract

Knowledge on medicinal properties of plants has extensively been applied all over the World to cure or ameliorate suffering of mankind. The use of remedies from plant origin covers a wide variety of maladies and constitutes an alternative way to antibiotics, which is otherwise no longer promising due to the generalized antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The majority of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains have become resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents for many reasons, including mutations, horizontal gene transfers, etc. Therefore, secondary means of treatment are needed to overcome this impediment in combating cholera. Morinda citrifolia roots extensively used in traditional medicine. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the In-vitro Cytotoxic and Anti-vibro Cholerae Activities of Methanol Roots Extracts of Morinda citrifolia against V. cholerae isolates. Methods: Initially, different concentration of the extracts materials was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Anti-V.cholerae activities were assessed by performing MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) test using disc diffusion method with different concentrations (1.25, 2.25, 5.00, 8.00, 10.00mg/ml) where standard discs of gentamycin and meropenem (10 μg/disc) were used. Further, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was done to evaluate the extracts’ cytotoxic activities using different concentrations (5,10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800μg/ml) against vincristine sulphate. Results: The preliminary screening confirms the presence of convenient phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, etc., and are liable for the emergence of the antibacterial activities in different strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanolic Morinda citrifolia roots was found to be (a) 1.25, (b) 2.25, (c) 5, (d) 8, and (f) 10 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, 100% mortality was observed only at the highest concentration (800 μg/ml). In comparison, the rest of the test concentration showed less than 90% mortality at the highest concentration (400 μg/ml). Conclusions: The Morinda citrifolia roots possess significant phytochemicals and showed potential anti-V. cholerae activities with mild toxicity. Hence, Morinda citrifolia (L.) roots may be recommended as potential phytotherapy against cholera disease.
Anticancer effect of Copper Activated Plasma Water on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells Isaac John Umaru; Iseko Iyoko Kingsly; Edom Favour Ogochukwu; Tensaba Andes Akafa; Jackson Soyinka Malantso; Bilyaminu Habibu; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i1.4721

Abstract

Broad biological activities of “plasma-activated water” (PAW) have drawn great attentions recently. Treatment of water using gas discharge plasma led to acidic solutions with excellent and broad antibacterial activity. Because PAW caused severe membrane damages in bacteria and diffused freely in extracellular matrix, PAW also demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity. However, further studies revealed that trace amounts of metal ions (mainly copper) in PAW brought by plasma treatment played key roles in bacteria inactivation. The contribution of metal ions to the antibacterial activity varied among PAWs from different working gases. However, solution acidification caused by reactive species in plasma was essential. The experimental results demonstrated that potential artifacts in reported biological activities of PAWs should be considered. Therefore, Copper has important redox activity and can participate in various biochemical reactions by accepting and donating electrons. As a trace element, thus, Anticancer effect of Copper Activated Plasma Water on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Materials and method, used are a non-thermal micro-hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) was used to generate plasma-activated waters (CU-PAWs), The MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (IBRC C10082), and 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was acquired. Cell Viability Measurements; After 48 h of incubation 0.5 mg/ml MTT (20 μl) was added to the control and experimental cells and the cells were incubated for 3 h in a CO2 incubator at 37 °C, Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Flow Cytometry was conducted. Results: The 3- and 4-min CU-PAW reduced MCF-7 cells viability to approximately 62% and 56% of control (p< 0.01), respectively. However, in the cases of 1- and 2-min CU-PAW cell proliferation did not diminish significantly as compared with the control group (p> 0.05). This observation is consistent with earlier studies, which illustrated that plasma irradiation reduced cell viability in a time-dependent manner. Thus, in this research, DOX (0.45 µM) combined with 3- or 4-min CU-PAW killed MCF-7 cell efficiently (44% and 39% cell viability, respectively; p< 0.01) than DOX (54% cell viability) or 3- or 4-min CU-PAW alone (63% and 56% cell viability, respectively). These was in line with a that PAW plus cisplatin at low doses reduced viability of human endometrial carcinoma more effectively than cisplatin or PAW alone. Conclusion: Although further investigations are crucial, CU-PAW combined with DOX could be a promising cancer treatment strategy, contributing to a more positive therapeutic agent.
Efficacy and Safety of Triple Synergy Therapy Containing Annona Senegalese, Ciprofloxacin, and Omeprazole for Helicobacter Pylori Initial Treatment Isaac John Umaru; Tensaba Andes Akafa; Ocheifa Matthew Ngbede; Artu Ishishen John; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.4970

Abstract

Annona senegalensis is a complex plant, with several active compounds contributing to its medicinal properties. The presence of alkaloids such as annonaine and corossolin, which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, is particularly noteworthy. Flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol are potent antioxidants that help to reduce oxidative stress, while tannins contribute to the plant’s antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds, working synergistically, may explain the plant’s potential. Material and methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki with little modification, The rats were completely randomized, numbered according to the sequence, and randomly enrolled in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive the triple therapy (A group, Annona senegalensis, ciprofloxacin quadruple therapy (B group as Omeprazole quadruple therapy. Results: Annona Senegalese scheme for initial and rescue treatment of H. pylori infection are not inferior to the guideline-recommended therapy. A study compared the eradication efficacy of the Annona Senegalese quadruple therapy (300 mg, 3 times/day) with that of bismuth quadruple therapy. The eradication rates of H.pylori were 87.5% and 87.1% in PP analysis, with no statistical significance (P >0.05), It was observed that, the eradication rates of H. pylori in response to the new triple therapy consisting of Annona Senegalese’s triple therapy (A. Senegalese 500 mg, Ciprofloxacin 1000 mg, Omeprazole 20 mg, A group), were 70.0% and 81.4% by ITT and PP analyses, respectively. Conclusion: The efficacy of Annona Senegalese triple therapy for the initial eradication of H. pylori is commendable thus be used as a combination in clinical therapy.
Phytochemical, Nutraceutical Profiles and Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on Bacterial Meningitis Isaac John Umaru; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Katchim Evelyn Shadrach; Julius Ishaya Salman; Jibaniya Grace Mchibuma; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8300

Abstract

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. Annona muricata (soursop), a tropical medicinal plant, has demonstrated promising antibacterial properties attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. However, the mechanistic basis of its antibacterial action remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanistic effects of A. muricata leaf extract on key bacterial targets, including cell wall integrity, membrane permeability, protein leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA fragmentation, and quorum sensing interference, using E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa as representative strains. Materials and Methods: Fresh A. muricata leaves were extracted using ethanol and tested at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Bacterial cultures were subjected to six mechanistic assays: crystal violet staining for cell wall integrity, propidium iodide and NPN fluorescence for membrane permeability, SDS-PAGE for protein synthesis inhibition, Bradford assay for protein leakage, DCFH-DA assay for ROS generation, and violacein quantification using the CV026 biosensor for quorum sensing interference. Ciprofloxacin served as a positive control, and untreated cultures served as a negative control. Results: The extract caused significant cell wall disruption (62.4%), comparable to ciprofloxacin (75.6%). Membrane permeability increased markedly, with PI and NPN fluorescence levels reaching 60–80% across strains. Protein leakage was elevated, with extracellular protein concentrations ranging from 25–30 µg/mL. SDS-PAGE revealed a 48.3–52.7% reduction in protein bands, indicating inhibition of protein synthesis. ROS levels surged to 8,000–9,500 RFU in treated samples, suggesting oxidative stress. DNA integrity scores dropped to 1–2, confirming genotoxic effects. Quorum sensing was inhibited by 68.9%, reducing violacein production and potential virulence. Conclusion: Annona muricata leaf extract exhibits potent antibacterial activity through multiple mechanisms, including structural disruption, metabolic interference, and oxidative damage. Its efficacy, comparable to ciprofloxacin in several assays, highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. These findings support further investigation into its bioactive compounds and therapeutic applications in combating resistant bacterial infections.
Co-Authors Akafa Andes Tansaba Akafa Andes Tensaba Ananias Amen Anthony Mishara Audu Artu Ishishen John Bilyaminu Habibu Chabunda Endashi Esseyi Chakfa Nanmar Dafup Kadel Istifanus Daniel Konka David Umahi Dawoye Yusufu Edom Favour Ogochukwu Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze Emmanuel Chikodiri Okoli Gabriel Favour Chisom Gloria Omonefe Oladele Ikwebe Joseph Isaac John Umaru Iseko Iyoko Kingsly Jackson Soyinka Malantso Jibaniya Grace Mchibuma Joseph Oteng Julius Ishaya Salman Kaka Garpiya Yakubu Katchim Evelyn Shadrach Manasseh Ilumunter Matilda Muhammad Akram Nanyak Zingfa Galam Nkiri Annasthesia Ekubnse Nwachukwu Favour Onyinyechi Nwofor Innocent Ocheifa Matthew Ngbede Okrah George Hassan Onwubiko A. Henry Onwubiko N. Grace Otitoju Olawale Prince Kwadwo Gyasi Simon Teza Zinas Solomon Godiya Marvelous Solomon Ossom Asare Sule John Ugbedeojo Tensaba Andes Akafa Tsokwa Punarimam Rebecca Tyem Lawal Danjuma Ugwuoke Kenneth C Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh Zephaniah Hananiah Shenia