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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Dafup Katdel Istifanus
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Effect of Diphenyl Diselenide on Blood Glucose Level and Hepatic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Ale Ebenezer Morayo; Isaac John Umaru; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3630

Abstract

Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is an organoselenium compound that exhibits multi-pharmacological activities owing to its glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) mimicry. Herein, the effect of DPDS on blood sugar and hepatic indices in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats was investigated. Twenty albino rats were distributed into four groups: A was the normal control and recieved distilled water only, B was the negative control and recieved alloxan, C was the tested group and received alloxan with DPDS treatment, and D was the positive control and recieved alloxan with glibenclamide (standard andtidiabetic drug). Rats were induced with alloxan, and treated for 14 days. Animals weight and blood glucose level were measured, and on the last day, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the liver function analysis. Result revealed that alloxan administration led to a marked (p<0.05) fall in weights, but weight loss was reversed upon DPDS treatment. In addition, there was a profound (p<0.05) increase in blood glucose level of alloxan-treated rats. Nonetheless, treatment with DPDS exerted marked (P< 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level across day 7 and 14. Furthermore, the activities of serum hepatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were markedly (p<0.05) increased with concomitant reduction in the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin, but be that as it may, treatment with DPDS restored normalcy to the hepatic abnormalities and this effect was comparable to the standard drug. DPDS could therefore be suggested for future development of novel drug for diabetes and diabetes related complications.
A Review: Role of Aldosterone in Hypertension Jankada Patience Audu; Ezugwu Hilary Chikata; Selumun Solomon Ipav; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3663

Abstract

In Western societies, hypertension affects up to 20% of the population, making it a significant public health concern. The rates of blood pressure control remain unsatisfactory despite advancements in treatment. Since hypertension is a complex disorder, there is rarely a single, obvious cause identified for so-called "essential" hypertension. The primary mineralocorticoid in humans, aldosterone is increasingly understood to contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity. Its role in hypertension has also been examined in view of recent research suggesting that up to 15% of hypertensive individuals exhibit a key phenotype of increased aldosterone biosynthesis, as indicated by an elevated aldosterone to renin ratio. Excessive production or activity of mineralocorticoids is a significant contributing factor to secondary hypertension. Humans' basic mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, and when an aldosterone-secreting adenoma (Conns tumour) is linked to primary aldosterone excess, it can be surgically treated. Although primary aldosteronism was once thought to be rare, recent studies have reported preval_ence rates of up to 20% among hypertensive patients. This reflects the increasing use of the plasma aldosterone concentration to renin activity ratio (ARR), which is a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion. Traditionally, patients with Conns tumour present with spontaneous hypokalaemia and have a relative excess of aldosterone production with suppression of plasma levels of renin (a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion).
Determination of Mineral, Vitamin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Telfairia Occidentalis Seed Abdulmumin Jabir; Ahmad Alhassan Siddan; Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Dauda; Isaac John Umaru; Bilyaminu Habibu; Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3665

Abstract

Telfairia occidentalis, also known as fluted pumpkin, is a widely cultivated vegetable in West Africa with potential nutritional and health benefits. They serve to supplement the nutrients provided by cereals and tubers; however, there is lack of comprehensive compositional data regarding the mineral of fluted pumpkin seeds in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant properties of T. occidentalis seeds. The seeds were analyzed for their mineral content (calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and sodium), vitamin content (vitamins A, C, and E), and antioxidant activity using standard analytical methods. The results showed that the seeds were rich in essential minerals, especially manganese; 573.01±0.39mg/kg, sodium; 525.02±0.91mg/kg, calcium; 297.06±1.05mg/kg, iron; 53.42±0.59mg/kg and zinc; 5.65±0.01mg/kg. The seeds exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as measured by various in vitro assays. The presence of vitamin E (35.54±0.47mg/kg), vitamin C (20.20±0.44mg/kg) and vitamin A (15.17±0.16mg/kg). The low levels of antioxidant activity ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.49±0.01) and hydrogen scavenging activity (1.20±0.01) makes the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) safe for consumption. These findings suggest that T. occidentalis seeds could be a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. Further research is warranted to explore the nutritional and therapeutic applications of this underutilized seed crop.
Phytochemicals Screening, Minerals Composition and Proximate Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum) Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Dauda; Sulaiman Abubakar Aliyu; Lazaru Joseph Goje; Bilyaminu Habibu; Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3666

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant with potential health benefits. The use of medicinal plants as remedies or medicine in prevention and treatment of several diseases was in place for many years. Garlic (Allium sativum) is among those plants because it possesses those characteristics. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents, mineral composition, and proximate analysis of garlic. The qualitative phytochemicals screening of garlic ethanolic extract reveals the presence of Tannins, Alkaloid, Saponin, steroid, Glycosides, phenols and flavonoid while the quantitative shows that the extract composed of Alkaloid 10%, Saponin 5.30%, Tannin 4.10 µg/ml, Glycosides 4.40%, flavonoid 2.20%, phenols 3.14 µg/ml. The proximate analysis reveals that the garlic extract contains carbohydrate 65.84%, fiber 7.14%, fat 2.15%,ash 9.90%,moisture 7.58%, protein 7.30% The determination of some minerals composition in (mg/kg) reveals that the extract is composed of sodium(22mg/kg), potassium(531.5 mg/kg), zinc(7.1 mg/kg), copper(0.36 mg/kg), Iron(2.7 mg/kg), calcium(233 mg/kg) and magnesium(35.4 mg/kg) respectively were also detected, highlighting garlic's potential as a nutraceutical food supplement.. This research contributes valuable insights into the bioactive components of garlic, supporting its traditional use and potential health benefits. Further studies could explore its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties.
Production and Characterisation of Peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens Isolated from Water Sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Mgbede Timothy; Moses Adondua Abah; Victoria Ifeoluwa Ayo; Maryam Usman Ahmed; Okpanachi Nuhu Oyibo; Nkechi Gift Ijeomah; Adetoyi Moses Gbadebo; Ajala-Lawal R. A; Aliyu Olamilekan Najeeb; Olabanji Martina Morolake; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3667

Abstract

The use of biocatalysts like enzymes in the development of environmentally sustainable processes has been reported as an ecofriendly approach for the current bioeconomy. This research aimed at producing and characterizing peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens isolated from water sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Fungi species from surface water sample obtained in Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria were isolated through serial dilution of peptone water and was cultured in a room temperature in different petri dishes using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). A portion of the fungi growth chosen from the best growth of cultured water sample were cut and transferred into the 250 Erlenmeyer flask each containing an acceptable proportion of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0. The screening for peroxidase production was aseptically performed on a plate by inoculating the fermented medium with azur B dye. The appearance of a clear zone indicated a positive result for peroxidase activity. The incubation of the peroxidase enzyme was conducted over eleven days, with the highest enzyme yield observed on the eighth day. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied, revealing that the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Peroxidase activity was lowest at pH 1. Temperature variation studies showed that the optimum temperature for peroxidase activity was 30°C. Peroxidase activity changed as substrate concentration was varied. Peroxidase activity was revealed to be highest at substrate concentration 1.9 mM. The kinetic parameters for peroxidase were investigated to be: Vmax = 10.57082; Km = 0.244186. The evidence presented in this research has shown that peroxidase can be produced in mass by using of white rot fungi from/around our surroundings and can be explored as a cheap source of peroxidase for industrial and biotechnological purposes. In conclusion, producing peroxidase from local isolates presents an eco-friendly and affordable alternative for industrial applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.
Effect of Medicinal Plants on Liver and Malaria Pathogenesis Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3674

Abstract

This seminar reviewed the literatures on the effects of medicinal plants on liver and malaria pathogenesis. Malaria parasite has a complex life cycle that takes place both inside the mosquito and human beings. Generally, diagnosis of malaria is classified into clinical and parasitological diagnoses. Lack of clear understanding on the overall biology of Plasmodium (malaria), its life cycle and its mechanism of action has created a challenge in an effort to develop new drugs, and preventive methods against malaria such as using malaria vaccines and vector control. They have been a rise in the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines over the years. The use of herbal plants or their preparations in the management of various diseases including liver diseases has been practiced for several decades and its extension in current dispensation is recognized. It has been shown that the effect of medicinal plants is somehow related to belief, tradition and culture of the community. However, there are growing concerns related to the safety and toxicities of these medicines. These herbal medicines are associated with complications such as liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases with abnormal liver functions tests to sudden and severe liver failure necessitating liver transplantation. The liver is a very important organ with a lot of functions such as metabolism, detoxification, and storage of nutrients for the host to survive. Standard liver marker enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, globulin are essential when carrying out liver function tests. Medicinal plant components are essential for and can be beneficial or detrimental to the healthy or diseased liver. Medicinal Plants are an essential part of the human diet and comprise various compounds (photochemical) such as alkaloid (pyrrolizidine), kavalactone which are related to liver health. Selected medicinal plants can provide nutritional and medicinal support for liver diseases. At the present, the knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants on the liver is still incomplete. The most urgent task at the present time is to find the best dietary and medicinal plants for liver health in an endless list of candidates globally. This review updates the knowledge about the effects of medicinal plants consumption on the health of the liver, putting particular emphasis on the potential beneficial and harmful impact of medicinal plants on liver function.
Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Flowers of Calotropis procera on Liver Function of Aspirin-Induced Male Albino Rats Muhammad Zuhairah Ismail; Imo Chinedu; Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Shadrach Philip; Rashida Ismail Mohammed; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3675

Abstract

This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on the liver function of male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are commonly consumed by natives in northern Nigeria for therapeutic purposes. Eighty-four (84) healthy male albino rats were used for this study. The animals were randomly distributed into six groups of ten animals each, while 24 rats were used for lethal dose (LD50) analysis. The animals were administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days respectively after induction with aspirin. The study was carried out in two phases: The animals were induced with 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin 12 hours before the commencement of the experiment, the test animals were administered ethanolic extract of fruit of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days and sacrificed at the end of each test phase respectively, blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The liver was harvested at the end of each phase, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. The result of liver function parameters showed that the mean values of alanine transaminase (ALT) after five-day of treatment decreased non-significantly (p>0.05) in groups 4, 5 and 6 and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4 when compared to normal control. Also, ALT increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2. There was a general decreasing trend in the mean values of aspartate transaminase (AST) across all groups except group 2. The mean values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups, but increased non-significantly in group 2. The same trend was observed in the values of ALT, AST, and ALP after 14 days of treatment. Photomicrograph of the liver section of normal rats showed normal central vein, sinusoids and hepatocytes as well as that of the treated animals. Photomicrograph of liver section of rat administered aspirin only showed slightly dilated portal triad after five days. The study suggests that the ethanolic extracts from fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera may have active ingredients that are capable of improving some liver functions.
Analysis of Bioactive Constituents (HPLC) of Chloroform Leaf Extract from Kalanchoe pinnata in Takum, Taraba State Nigeria Emmanuel Askebnde Joel; Ubur Terzulum Wilson; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus; Gloria Omonefe Oladele
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3676

Abstract

HPLC techniques were employed to analyze the bioactive components of the chloroform leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf from Takum in Taraba State. A botanist from Taraba State University's Department of Biological Sciences in Jalingo identified the plant leaves, which were then gathered, cleaned, and processed. Using cold maceration, extraction was done by weighing 1500g of the powdered leaf into 1 liter of ethanol and distill water, respectively. Until further investigation, the extracts were stored in a refrigerator in a firmly closed container. The injection valve was used for the HPLC analysis, and the conditions were 20 μl, a UV variable wavelength detector (set at 300 nm), reprosol 100 C8mn, 5 μm 4.6 x 150mm column (30°C), and sensitivity of 0.001. Phosphate buffer (v/v) was used as an aqueous solvent (A) and CH3CN as an organic solvent (B) in HPLC. Gradient elution of the analytes occurred at a flow rate of 1 milliliter per minute. Software generated chromatograms. Operating temperature of the HPLC instrument was room temperature (23 ± 2°C). After injecting 20 μl of each diluted extract into the HPLC three times, the average peak areas were produced and utilized for quantification. Based on the HPLC analysis, the chloroform leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata contained the following bioactive constituents: quercetin, gallic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Additionally, the presence of vitamins B1 and B3 was also noted. The different bioactive constituents eluted at different retention times, and their respective amounts were also detected.
A Review: Biochemical Role of House Fly in the Transmission of Medically Important Parasites Emmanuel Askebnde Joel; Emmanuel Alooma; Ubur Terzulum Wilson; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3685

Abstract

House flies (Musca domestica) can be found everywhere in the world except Antarctica, especially in regions with dense populations, hot weather, and inadequate hygiene. They are insects of small to medium size, featuring a unique gray body and big compound eyes that are colored red. House flies experience full metamorphosis, which includes four separate life phases: egg, larva (maggot), pupa, and adult. House flies are seen as important pests for public health because they can carry various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites. Because of their close connection to human actions, capability to travel far distances, and inclination to breed in decaying organic material, they are highly effective carriers for transmitting different illnesses. House flies have been linked to the spread of more than 100 different disease-causing microorganisms, leading to illnesses like gastroenteritis, dysentery, and cholera. Apart from bacterial pathogens, house flies have also been discovered to play a role in spreading different viruses and medically significant parasites. This review describes the physical characteristics and behavior of the house fly, highlighting its unique attributes like compound eyes, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and wings. The stages of development of a house fly, from egg to larva, pupa, and adult. It also offers distinct ways in which house flies can spread medically significant parasites, emphasizing the public health impact of this occurrence, especially in regions with inadequate sanitation and restricted healthcare access. It is essential to comprehend the role of house flies in transmitting these parasites in order to create successful control methods and enhance public health results.
The Effect of Aqueous Solution of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo Drink) on Albino Wistar Rats Ovarian Tissue Tensaba Andes Akafa; Williams Oche Ujah; Isaac Kogi Eli; Charles Ayara; Victor Makanjuola; Queen Uyo Williams; Dafup Katdel Istifanus; Vika Tensaba Akafa; Izam Emmanuel David; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Ranyang R. Akafa
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v1i1.4011

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdarrifa is a flowering plant that grows in tropical regions. It is used in the preparation of a non-alcoholic beverage called Zobo drink. This current study investigated the ovarian histological changes and hormonal level outcome that occur after administration of Hibiscus sabdarrifa aqueous solution (Zobo drink) on albino Wistar rat. Twenty (20) female Wistar rats were purchased and divided into five (5) groups, group A, group B, group C, group D and group E with each group having four (4) Wistar rats. Group A, the control group was unexposed to any form of foreign substance. Group B were given 0.5ml of Zobo drink once daily (morning). Group C were given 0.5ml of Zobo drink twice daily (morning and afternoon). Group D were given 0.5ml of Zobo drink three times daily (morning, afternoon and evening). Group E were given the Zobo drink concurrently all through the day and water only at night. In the end, the rats were sacrificed and the ovaries were removed and fixed in 10% formalin saline solution. The ovaries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Their blood was collected through the femoral artery for hormonal level assay. The histological result of group A, B, C and D showed normal histological structures. Group E showed hemorrhage in the corpus luteum of the ovaries. The result of the hormonal analysis showed an increase in the level of progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and decrease in the level of estrogen all through the five groups. This lower estrogen level could impede menstruation. Therefore, Zobo drink can damage the ovary if taken in excess quantity and cause fluctuation in hormonal level of the ovary.
Co-Authors Abdulmumin Jabir Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi Adetoyi Moses Gbadebo Ahmad Alhassan Siddan Ajala-Lawal R. A Ale Ebenezer Morayo Aliyu Olamilekan Najeeb Arowora Kayode Adebisi Bilyaminu Habibu Charles Ayara Emmanuel Alooma Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel Emmanuel Askebnde Joel Ezugwu Hilary Chikata Gloria Omonefe Oladele Imo Chinedu Isaac John Umaru Isaac Kogi Eli Izam Emmanuel David Jankada Patience Audu Kingsley Iyoko Iseko Lazaru Joseph Goje Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Dauda Maryam Usman Ahmed Mgbede Timothy Moses Adondua Abah Muhammad Zuhairah Ismail Nkechi Gift Ijeomah Okpanachi Nuhu Oyibo Olabanji Martina Morolake Queen Uyo Williams Ranyang R. Akafa Rashida Ismail Mohammed Selumun Solomon Ipav Shadrach Philip Sulaiman Abubakar Aliyu Tensaba Andes Akafa Ubur Terzulum Wilson Victor Makanjuola Victoria Ifeoluwa Ayo Vika Tensaba Akafa Williams Oche Ujah