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Herd immunity and COVID-19 in Indonesia Faizal, Imam Agus; Ariska Nugrahani, Nur
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Herd immunity or herd effect is a phenomenon that occurs in groups of people who are resistant to disease. The purpose of conducting this research is to predict the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Covid-19 cases in Indonesia on April 6, 2020, were 2235 cases spread in 34 Provinces. As many as 2491 cases in Indonesia, there were 192 patients recovered (including those treated, so they have natural antibodies in the end) while the total who died was 209 people. It is assumed that around 13% of the total cases have natural antibodies. This is also the case with SARS-CoV-2 and may explain why some individuals (perhaps those most recently able to recover from seasonal coronavirus infections) have asymptomatic infections. Finally, the theoretical concept of increasing herd immunity in pandemic and epidemic cases in Indonesia which aims to control COVID-19 still needs to be reviewed because it is seen from the mortality data that CFR COVID-19 is predicted to be around 8.39% of the population in Indonesia where the risk of death still available. The best alternative is to do a healthy lifestyle, social distancing, and waiting for the vaccine to be found.

Investigation of revers-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction values of patients with COVID-19 findings in lung computed tomography results Osman, OzÃ¼dogru; Bolatli, Gunes; Tas, Fatih
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

It turned out that the cause of pneumonia cases that occurred in China was due to SARS-CoV-2. The aim is to compare chest computer tomography and Revers-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease with each other and to evaluate this disease with risk factors. The study was carried out on 66 patients. Epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, chest CT and RT-PCR results of the cases were examined. RT-PCR results of 1, 4, and 7 days were evaluated for each case with positive chest CT results. Thirty-seven of them were found to be positive on day 1, 5 of them were found to be positive on day 4, and 2 of them were found to be positive on day seven from 52 patients whose RT-PCR results were examined. In the remaining 8 cases, no positive findings were found. The most common findings are; cough (78.8%), fever (55.8%), and shortness of breath (28.8%). It was observed that 51.9% of the cases had chronic disease history and 50% of the patients using cigarettes had bilateral lung involvement in their CT results. Seven cases received intensive care support, 3 cases were intubated. Two of the intubated cases were exitus (3,8%). The positive results of RT-PCR were found to be negative in most of the cases which have positive chest CT; suggests that chest CT is more reliable in making a diagnosis. Therefore, evaluating chest CT results with RT-PCR can be an appropriate alternative approach in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, in order to be fully diagnosed, the patient's history, chronic diseases, age, symptoms, imaging, blood, and test findings must all be considered as a whole.

Immunobioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic tree construction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Indonesia: spike glycoprotein gene Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad; Kharisma, Viol Dhea; Antonius, Yulanda; Tacharina, Martia Rani; Rantam, Fedik Abdul
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide and as a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic. At present, there are no approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict epitope-based vaccines using bioinformatics approaches and phylogenetic tree construction of SARS-CoV-2 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we employed 27 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein genes retrieved from GenBankÂ® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) and the GISAID EpiCoVâ„¢ Database (Germany). We analyzed the candidate epitopes using the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. Furthermore, we performed a protective antigen prediction with VaxiJen 2.0. Data for B-cell epitope prediction, protective antigen prediction, and the underlying phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained in this research. Therefore, these data could be used to design an epitope-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, the advanced study is recommended for confirmation (in vitro and in vivo).

Diagnosis and epidemiology of Corona Virus (COVID-19) outbreak in Indonesia Sutaryono, Sutaryono; Andasari, Sholikhah Deti; Kasjono, Heru Subaris
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

COVID-19 has experienced an increase in 2,995,758 positive cases and 204,987 deaths, in distribution areas of more than 213 countries. This research using a systematic literature review, policy brief, and internet-based questionnaire with the aim of finding out the diagnosis and epidemiology of Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Indonesia. The cases in Indonesia have reached 9,771 and killed 784 people, possibly as many as 19 cases are asymptomatic but can be carriers of the virus. The diagnosis is carried out by rapid testing and using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of the patients diagnosed were aged 30-49 years (38.91%), the highest accompanying diseases were hypertension (34.85%), diabetes mellitus (25.76%), and cardiac disease (17.05%). The most signs and symptoms are that the patient has a cough, shortness of breath, and has a history of internal medicine and fever. Based on sex mostly experienced by men (58.94%) compared to women (41.06%), 60.4% of the community is still active outside the home. The Government of Indonesia is making efforts to reduce the COVID 19 outbreak by implementing a health protocol and a Large-scale Social Restrictions or â€œPembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB)â€ policy.

Human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection Wina Nurtias, Lia Yosaneri; Rahma Turista, Dora Dayu; Puspitasari, Eka
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by a new type of Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 then became a pandemic in various countries in early 2020. In this article it contains review that discusses the immune response in humans due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, using the narrative literature review method, a total of 36 articles (6 from Elsevier, 24 from PMC, and 6 from Springer). It is known that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the manufacture of drugs and vaccines are still under investigation, but in infected patients, innate immune responses in the form of alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, airway epithelial cells, congenital lymphocytes, and neutrophils work together in the fight against infection. Next comes the adaptive immune response in the form of antibodies (immunoglobulins) which help in fighting infections due to SARS-CoV-2. These immune responses include increasing levels of cytokines, coagulation parameters, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, and decreasing total lymphocytes. It is also known that COVID-19 patients with severe disease often experience higher total antibody, IgM responses, and IgG responses than COVID-19 patients without congenital disease. IgG antibodies are present in the serum, so the serum in COVID-19 patients who have recovered can be used for therapy in COVID-19 patients who have not healed, as long as the drug and vaccine are under investigation.

Potential use of macroalgae and its symbiont bacteria isolated from tanjung tiram as a source of amylase enzyme Kusumawati, Herdiani Nur
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 2 (2020): (In Progress)
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i2.183

This study aimed to extract the amylase enzyme produced by macroalgae and its symbiont bacteria isolated from The Coastal Waters of Tanjung Tiram, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi and to define its characteristics. Macroalgae is a cultivation commodity in Indonesia that has the potential as a source of enzymes, including amylase enzyme. Amylase is an enzyme that functions to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of starch and glycogen into maltose, maltotriose, isomaltose, and glucose. Methods used in this study were enzyme extraction, enzyme purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis, qualitative assay by iodine test, quantitative assay by DNS method and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Qualitative assay for amylase activity of macroalgae showing positive results whereas its symbiont bacteria showing no amylase activity. The optimum temperature was 50oC, pH 9 and salt 3 M. Quantitative assay of amylase activity at optimum condition was 0,023 U/ml. Macroalgae from Tanjung Tiram water was a potential source of amylase enzyme for food or pharmaceutical industry purposes

IDENTIFIKASI KONTAMINASI Salmonella Typhi BERDASARKAN AMPLIFIKASI GEN fliC PADA CINCAU DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DAN MINIMARKET KOTA SEMARANG Ernanto, Aditya Rahman; Palimbongan, Junita Rensa; Manufandu, Anjar Richardo; Darmawati, Sri
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 2 (2020): (In Progress)
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i2.207

Grass-jelly is one of the most popular plants consumed by people in various forms of beverage mix because it is easy to gets in traditional markets. Microorganism contamination can occur in grass-jelly due to several factors such as water for processing, equipments, processing facilities and from people who did the process. Contamination can cause various diseases, one of those is typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi. The purpose of this study was to detect S. typhi in grass-jelly based on molecular detection by amplification of the fliC gene using PCR. Steps of the methods were DNA extraction from grass-jelly samples, genomic DNA quality testing, amplification of fliC gene and agarose electrophoresis. Validation was done by culture methods on SSA media and biochemical testing. The fliC gene amplification results in grass-jelly samples (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C3) showed the DNA fragments size about 1500 bp. Colony and biochemical characters isolates Peterongan were lead to S. typhi, whereas another isolate were another Salmonella spp. The conclusion of this study was that grass-jelly samples from Peterongan market in Semarang were positively contaminated by S. typhi and isolate from Pedurungan and minimarket were another Salmonella spp. Molecular-based food testing is fast enough and accurate for detecting types of bacterial contaminants but amplification of fliC gene cannot specific for S. typhi.

Konfirmasi Index Eritrosit Dengan Sediaan Apus Darah Tepi (Sadt) Pada Penduduk Tambaklorok Semarang Yang Terpajan Pb Santosa, Budi
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 2 (2020): (In Progress)
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i2.213

Erythrocyte index consisting of MCV, MCH, MCHC serves for the classification of types of anemia. High or low erythrocyte index can give a picture of erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. Lead exposure in Tambaklorok exceeds the threshold that affects anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the erythrocyte index confirmation with erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. This type of analytic research is cross sectional approach. The research population was Tambaklorok Semarang residents and 104 samples were taken using purposive technique. Erythrocyte index was measured using hematological analyzer and erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation using Giemsa painting. Erythrocyte index confirmation with the peripheral blood smear preparation was analyzed using the Gamma statistical relationship test. The results showed that the erythrocyte index value was mostly in the normal category, i.e., MCH 68 (64.4%), MCHC 61 (58.6%) and MCH 58 (56%) and below normal category were MCH 45 (42.95%), MCHC 41 (39.4%), and MCV 36 (34.3%). Erythrocyte morphology was mostly hypochromic, namely 46 (44.23%), normochrome 40 (38.46%), and hyperchrome 18 (17.3%). Relationship of MCH with erythrocyte color p value 0.037 with size p value 0.038. Conclusion of erythrocyte index confirmation, especially MCH with the peripheral blood smear preparation, there was a match on the color and size of erythrocytes, while the MCV and MCHC values â€‹â€‹had no significant relationship.

Indirect exposure to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of current knowledge Enyoh, Christian Ebere; Wirnkor Verla, Andrew; Qingyue, Wang; Kumar Yadav, Dipak; Akhter Hossain Chowdhury, Md; Obinna Isiuku, Beniah; Chowdhury, Tanzin; Chizoruo Ibe, Francis; Ngozi Verla, Evelyn; Oluwatosin Maduka, Tochukwu
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i1.227

This review chronicles the indirect transmission method which seems to be overlooked by most people and makes attempts to document the various transmission ways with a hope that such information may strengthen the knowledge base of researchers towards methods of eradicating the pandemic. Current knowledge of transmission and exposure of SARS-CoV-2 has been explained. Various researchers have put forward different ways of exposure and transmission. Literature does not reveal whether the indirect transmission route is the dominant one. However, total lockdown could be a veritable means to reduce both direct and indirect transmission routes. In many countries where the indirect transmission has been reduced, the scourge of the virus is less. The work creates awareness on the need to watch out for those routes of transmissions that may not be popular and suggested vital knowledge gaps that need to fill.

On the novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a global pandemic Louis-Jean, James; Aime, Magdonald
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium Vol 9 No 1 (2020): 2020 (1): Special Edition "COVID-19"
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i1.230

Coronaviruses (COVS) are viruses transmitted through droplets of sputum from an infected person. Analyses identify COVS as zoonotic pathogens, possibly resulting from human-animal contact at animal markets. They share overlapping genetic characteristics with the avian influenza viruses from China. COVS released from humans through droplets of sputum and may land on various surfaces, which poses exposure risks; as studies have shown the virus can exist intact for a relatively long period of time (several days). The recent highly pathogenic COVS outbreak (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-COVS). This highly transmittable disease causes pneumonia and severe respiratory illnesses similar to SARS and MERS; it has a global mortality rate of about 6.13%. The virus has rapidly become a global pandemic, causing major global issues, including health, economic, and age-preference, among other issues. This text summarizes the nature of the emerging COVID-19 global pandemic while analyzing several factors concerning the etiology of the virus. This is done in an urgent effort to educate and provide relevant information about the virus.

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Journal Mail Official
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Kota yogyakarta,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA